九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)研究

九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)研究一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在探討九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的理念、實(shí)踐及其影響。九年一貫制學(xué)校作為一種新型的教育模式，旨在通過整合小學(xué)和初中的教育資源，優(yōu)化教育過程，提高教育質(zhì)量。一體化辦學(xué)不僅是教育體制改革的重要內(nèi)容，也是適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展對教育需求變化的重要舉措。本文將通過文獻(xiàn)綜述、案例分析和實(shí)證研究等方法，全面深入地探討九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)、實(shí)踐路徑及其帶來的挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。本文還將對一體化辦學(xué)模式下的教育教學(xué)改革、師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、學(xué)校管理等關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行分析，以期為我國九年一貫制學(xué)校的發(fā)展提供理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。Thisarticleaimstoexploretheconcept,practice,andimpactofintegratededucationinnine-yearconsistentschools.Asanewtypeofeducationmodel,thenine-yearconsistentschoolaimstointegrateeducationalresourcesfromprimaryandsecondaryschools,optimizetheeducationprocess,andimprovethequalityofeducation.Integratededucationisnotonlyanimportantpartoftheeducationsystemreform,butalsoanimportantmeasuretoadapttothechangingeducationalneedsofsocialdevelopment.Thisarticlewillcomprehensivelyanddeeplyexplorethetheoreticalbasis,practicalpath,andchallengesandopportunitiesbroughtbytheintegratededucationofnine-yearconsistentschoolsthroughliteraturereview,caseanalysis,andempiricalresearchmethods.Thisarticlewillalsoanalyzekeyissuessuchaseducationandteachingreform,facultyconstruction,andschoolmanagementundertheintegratededucationmodel,inordertoprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforthedevelopmentofnine-yearconsistentschoolsinChina.二、九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)TheoreticalFoundationofIntegratedEducationinNineYearUnifiedSchoolSystem九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)，作為當(dāng)前教育領(lǐng)域的重要改革方向，其理論基礎(chǔ)深厚且多元。它根植于現(xiàn)代教育理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的連貫性和整體性，認(rèn)為學(xué)生在不同學(xué)段之間的過渡應(yīng)當(dāng)順暢、自然，避免知識的斷裂和重復(fù)。九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)符合學(xué)生身心發(fā)展的規(guī)律，根據(jù)不同年齡段學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)和發(fā)展需求，科學(xué)規(guī)劃課程設(shè)置和教學(xué)方式，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。一體化辦學(xué)還體現(xiàn)了教育公平的原則，通過優(yōu)化資源配置，確保每一個學(xué)生都能享受到優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育資源。Asanimportantreformdirectioninthecurrenteducationfield,theintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducationhasaprofoundanddiversetheoreticalfoundation.Itisrootedinmoderneducationalconcepts,emphasizingthecoherenceandintegrityofeducation,believingthatstudentsshouldtransitionsmoothlyandnaturallybetweendifferentstages,avoidingknowledgefragmentationandrepetition.Theintegratedoperationofthenine-yearconsistentschoolsystemconformstothelawsofstudentphysicalandmentaldevelopment.Basedonthecognitivecharacteristicsanddevelopmentalneedsofstudentsofdifferentagegroups,thecurriculumandteachingmethodsarescientificallyplannedtopromotetheircomprehensivedevelopment.Integratededucationalsoreflectstheprincipleofeducationalequity,ensuringthateverystudentcanenjoyhigh-qualityeducationalresourcesbyoptimizingresourceallocation.在教育管理層面，九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)要求學(xué)校具備較高的管理水平和協(xié)調(diào)能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)小學(xué)與初中之間的無縫對接。這既需要學(xué)校管理者具備前瞻性的視野和戰(zhàn)略思維，也需要具體執(zhí)行者具備細(xì)致入微的工作態(tài)度和扎實(shí)的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)。同時，一體化辦學(xué)還需要建立科學(xué)、完善的評價體系，以評價促發(fā)展，推動學(xué)校整體辦學(xué)水平的提升。Atthelevelofeducationalmanagement,theintegrationofnine-yearconsistenteducationrequiresschoolstohaveahighlevelofmanagementandcoordinationability,achievingseamlessintegrationbetweenprimaryandsecondaryschools.Thisrequiresschooladministratorstohaveaforward-lookingperspectiveandstrategicthinking,aswellasspecificimplementerstohaveameticulousworkattitudeandsolidprofessionalcompetence.Atthesametime,integratededucationalsorequirestheestablishmentofascientificandcomprehensiveevaluationsystemtopromotedevelopmentthroughevaluationandpromotetheoverallimprovementoftheschool'seducationallevel.在實(shí)踐層面，九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)需要不斷探索和創(chuàng)新。學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)自身特點(diǎn)和實(shí)際情況，制定切實(shí)可行的實(shí)施方案，并在實(shí)踐中不斷調(diào)整和優(yōu)化。學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)與外部環(huán)境的溝通與合作，積極爭取社會各方面的支持和幫助，為一體化辦學(xué)的順利實(shí)施創(chuàng)造良好的外部環(huán)境。Atthepracticallevel,theintegratededucationofnine-yearconsistentschoolsrequirescontinuousexplorationandinnovation.Schoolsshoulddeveloppracticalandfeasibleimplementationplansbasedontheirowncharacteristicsandactualsituations,andcontinuouslyadjustandoptimizetheminpractice.Schoolsshouldstrengthencommunicationandcooperationwiththeexternalenvironment,activelyseeksupportandassistancefromallsectorsofsociety,andcreateafavorableexternalenvironmentforthesmoothimplementationofintegratededucation.九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)不僅是教育改革的必然趨勢，也是提升教育質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)學(xué)生全面發(fā)展的有效途徑。其理論基礎(chǔ)深厚且多元，既體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代教育理念和學(xué)生身心發(fā)展的規(guī)律，也符合教育公平的原則和管理科學(xué)的要求。在未來的實(shí)踐中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)不斷探索和創(chuàng)新，推動九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)不斷走向深入。Theintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducationisnotonlyaninevitabletrendineducationalreform,butalsoaneffectivewaytoimprovethequalityofeducationandpromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofstudents.Itstheoreticalfoundationisprofoundanddiverse,reflectingnotonlymoderneducationalconceptsandthelawsofstudentphysicalandmentaldevelopment,butalsoinlinewiththeprinciplesofeducationalequityandtherequirementsofmanagementscience.Infuturepractice,weshouldcontinuouslyexploreandinnovate,andpromotetheintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducationtodeepen.三、九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的實(shí)踐探索PracticeandExplorationofIntegratedEducationinNineYearUnifiedSchoolSystem九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)作為一種新興的教育模式，其實(shí)踐探索在我國近年來得到了廣泛的關(guān)注與實(shí)施。一體化辦學(xué)旨在打破小學(xué)與初中之間的壁壘，實(shí)現(xiàn)教育資源的優(yōu)化配置，提高教育質(zhì)量，為學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境。Asanemergingeducationalmodel,theintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducationhasreceivedwidespreadattentionandimplementationinChinainrecentyears.Integratededucationaimstobreakdownthebarriersbetweenprimaryandsecondaryschools,optimizetheallocationofeducationalresources,improvethequalityofeducation,andcreateafavorableenvironmentforthecomprehensivedevelopmentofstudents.在實(shí)踐探索中，九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)需要解決一系列問題，如課程設(shè)置、師資配備、管理體制等。在課程設(shè)置方面，學(xué)校需要根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn)和認(rèn)知水平，科學(xué)合理地安排小學(xué)與初中的課程銜接，確保學(xué)生在不同階段的學(xué)習(xí)能夠順利過渡。同時，學(xué)校還需要加強(qiáng)學(xué)科之間的整合，打破學(xué)科壁壘，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)。Inpracticalexploration,theintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducationneedstosolveaseriesofproblems,suchascurriculumdesign,teacherallocation,managementsystem,etc.Intermsofcurriculumdesign,schoolsneedtoscientificallyandreasonablyarrangethecurriculumconnectionbetweenprimaryandsecondaryschoolsbasedontheagecharacteristicsandcognitivelevelofstudents,ensuringthatstudentscansmoothlytransitiontodifferentstagesoflearning.Atthesametime,schoolsalsoneedtostrengthentheintegrationbetweendisciplines,breakdowndisciplinarybarriers,andcultivatestudents'comprehensivequalities.在師資配備方面，九年一貫制學(xué)校需要建立一支高素質(zhì)、專業(yè)化的教師隊(duì)伍。這支隊(duì)伍既要具備豐富的教育教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，又要具備跨學(xué)科的教學(xué)能力。學(xué)校還需要加強(qiáng)對教師的培訓(xùn)和管理，提高教師的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)和教育教學(xué)能力。Intermsoffacultyallocation,thenine-yearconsistentsystemschoolsneedtoestablishahigh-qualityandprofessionalteachingteam.Thisteamneedstohavericheducationalandteachingexperienceaswellasinterdisciplinaryteachingabilities.Schoolsalsoneedtostrengthenthetrainingandmanagementofteachers,improvetheirprofessionalcompetenceandeducationalandteachingabilities.在管理體制方面，九年一貫制學(xué)校需要建立一種高效、靈活的管理機(jī)制。這種機(jī)制既要能夠適應(yīng)學(xué)校發(fā)展的需要，又要能夠保障教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提升。學(xué)校需要完善各項(xiàng)管理制度，加強(qiáng)對學(xué)校內(nèi)部各個環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)督和管理，確保學(xué)校的教育教學(xué)工作能夠有序進(jìn)行。Intermsofmanagementsystem,nine-yearconsistentschoolsneedtoestablishanefficientandflexiblemanagementmechanism.Thismechanismshouldnotonlymeettheneedsofschooldevelopment,butalsoensuretheimprovementofeducationandteachingquality.Schoolsneedtoimprovevariousmanagementsystems,strengthensupervisionandmanagementofvariousinternallinks,andensurethattheeducationandteachingworkoftheschoolcanproceedinanorderlymanner.除了以上三個方面外，九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)還需要注重學(xué)生的個性化發(fā)展。學(xué)校需要關(guān)注每個學(xué)生的興趣和特長，提供多樣化的教育服務(wù)，滿足學(xué)生的不同需求。學(xué)校還需要加強(qiáng)與學(xué)生家長的溝通和合作，共同促進(jìn)學(xué)生的健康成長。Inadditiontotheabovethreeaspects,theintegratededucationofnine-yearconsistentschoolsalsoneedstofocusonthepersonalizeddevelopmentofstudents.Schoolsneedtopayattentiontotheinterestsandstrengthsofeachstudent,providediverseeducationalservices,andmeettheirdifferentneeds.Schoolsalsoneedtostrengthencommunicationandcooperationwithparentsofstudentstojointlypromotetheirhealthygrowth.九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的實(shí)踐探索是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而艱巨的任務(wù)。只有不斷探索、不斷創(chuàng)新，才能找到適合我國國情的一體化辦學(xué)模式，為我國的教育事業(yè)做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。Thepracticalexplorationofintegratededucationinnine-yearconsistentschoolsisacomplexandarduoustask.OnlythroughcontinuousexplorationandinnovationcanwefindanintegratededucationmodelthatissuitableforChina'snationalconditionsandmakegreatercontributionstoChina'seducation.四、九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的挑戰(zhàn)與對策TheChallengesandCountermeasuresofIntegratedEducationinNineYearUnifiedSchools九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)模式在實(shí)踐中面臨著多方面的挑戰(zhàn)，需要針對性的對策來應(yīng)對。Theintegratededucationmodelofnine-yearconsistentschoolsfacesvariouschallengesinpracticeandrequirestargetedcountermeasurestoaddressthem.九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)首先需要面對的挑戰(zhàn)是教育資源的整合與分配。由于小學(xué)和初中在教學(xué)內(nèi)容、方法、管理等方面存在差異，如何將兩者有效銜接，實(shí)現(xiàn)教育資源的優(yōu)化配置，是一個亟待解決的問題。Thefirstchallengethatnine-yearintegratedschoolsneedtofaceistheintegrationandallocationofeducationalresources.Duetothedifferencesinteachingcontent,methods,andmanagementbetweenprimaryandsecondaryschools,howtoeffectivelyconnectthetwoandachieveoptimalallocationofeducationalresourcesisanurgentproblemthatneedstobesolved.學(xué)校應(yīng)建立資源共享機(jī)制，包括教學(xué)設(shè)施、師資力量、課程設(shè)置等方面的共享。通過統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃和管理，確保教育資源得到充分利用，避免資源浪費(fèi)。Schoolsshouldestablisharesourcesharingmechanism,includingsharingofteachingfacilities,teachingstaff,curriculumdesign,andotheraspects.Throughunifiedplanningandmanagement,ensurethateducationalresourcesarefullyutilizedandavoidresourcewaste.一體化辦學(xué)需要有一支能夠適應(yīng)不同階段教學(xué)需求的師資隊(duì)伍。然而，當(dāng)前許多學(xué)校的師資力量存在結(jié)構(gòu)性短缺，難以滿足一體化辦學(xué)的需求。Integratededucationrequiresateamofteacherswhocanadapttotheteachingneedsofdifferentstages.However,manyschoolscurrentlyfaceastructuralshortageofteachingstaff,makingitdifficulttomeetthedemandforintegratededucation.學(xué)校應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對現(xiàn)有師資的培養(yǎng)，提高他們的教學(xué)水平和跨學(xué)科教學(xué)能力。同時，積極引進(jìn)優(yōu)秀教育人才，優(yōu)化師資結(jié)構(gòu)，為一體化辦學(xué)提供有力支撐。Schoolsshouldstrengthenthetrainingofexistingteachers,improvetheirteachinglevelandinterdisciplinaryteachingability.Atthesametime,activelyintroducingexcellenteducationaltalents,optimizingthestructureofteachingstaff,andprovidingstrongsupportforintegratededucation.一體化辦學(xué)需要確保教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量穩(wěn)步提升，這需要在課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)方法、評價體系等方面進(jìn)行全面改革。Integratededucationneedstoensureasteadyimprovementinthequalityofeducationandteaching,whichrequirescomprehensivereformsincurriculumdesign,teachingmethods,evaluationsystems,andotheraspects.學(xué)校應(yīng)建立完善的教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)控體系，定期對教學(xué)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評估和反饋。通過不斷調(diào)整和優(yōu)化教學(xué)計(jì)劃和方法，確保教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量得到保障。Schoolsshouldestablishacomprehensiveteachingqualitymonitoringsystemandregularlyevaluateandprovidefeedbackonteachingquality.Bycontinuouslyadjustingandoptimizingteachingplansandmethods,weensurethatthequalityofeducationandteachingisguaranteed.一體化辦學(xué)需要家長、社區(qū)等外部力量的支持和配合。然而，由于家長和社區(qū)對一體化辦學(xué)的認(rèn)識和理解不足，可能會產(chǎn)生一些誤解和阻力。Integratededucationrequiresthesupportandcooperationofexternalforcessuchasparentsandcommunities.However,duetoinsufficientawarenessandunderstandingofintegratededucationamongparentsandcommunities,misunderstandingsandobstaclesmayarise.學(xué)校應(yīng)加強(qiáng)與家長和社區(qū)的溝通與合作，通過舉辦講座、座談會等形式，增進(jìn)他們對一體化辦學(xué)的了解和認(rèn)同。積極爭取社區(qū)資源的支持，為一體化辦學(xué)創(chuàng)造良好的外部環(huán)境。Schoolsshouldstrengthencommunicationandcooperationwithparentsandcommunities,andenhancetheirunderstandingandrecognitionofintegratededucationthroughlectures,symposiums,andotherforms.Activelyseeksupportfromcommunityresourcestocreateafavorableexternalenvironmentforintegratededucation.九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)面臨著多方面的挑戰(zhàn)，但只要通過科學(xué)合理的對策和措施，就能夠克服這些困難，實(shí)現(xiàn)教育資源的優(yōu)化配置和教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提升。Theintegratedoperationofnine-yearconsistentschoolsfacesvariouschallenges,butaslongasscientificandreasonablestrategiesandmeasuresaretaken,thesedifficultiescanbeovercome,andtheoptimizationofeducationalresourcesandtheimprovementofeducationalandteachingqualitycanbeachieved.五、九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的案例分析Caseanalysisofintegratededucationinnine-yearconsistentschools在九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)的實(shí)踐中，我們選取了幾所具有代表性的學(xué)校進(jìn)行深入的分析和研究。這些學(xué)校在辦學(xué)模式、管理機(jī)制、課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)資源共享等方面都有著獨(dú)特的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法，對于推動九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)具有重要的參考價值。Inthepracticeofintegratingnine-yearconsistentschooleducation,wehaveselectedseveralrepresentativeschoolsforin-depthanalysisandresearch.Theseschoolshaveuniqueexperiencesandpracticesintermsofeducationalmodels,managementmechanisms,curriculumdesign,andsharingofteachingresources,whichhaveimportantreferencevalueforpromotingtheintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducation.案例一：某市第九中學(xué)與附屬小學(xué)一體化辦學(xué)實(shí)踐。該校通過建立聯(lián)合管理委員會，實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩校在管理、教學(xué)、資源等方面的深度融合。在課程設(shè)置上，中學(xué)和小學(xué)互相銜接，共同開發(fā)了一系列跨學(xué)科的綜合實(shí)踐活動課程，有效促進(jìn)了學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。同時，兩校還共享了師資、設(shè)施等教學(xué)資源，提高了資源利用效率。CaseOne:IntegratedEducationPracticeofNinthMiddleSchoolandAffiliatedPrimarySchoolinaCertainCity.Theschoolhasachieveddeepintegrationofmanagement,teaching,andresourcesbetweenthetwoschoolsbyestablishingajointmanagementcommittee.Intermsofcurriculumdesign,middleandprimaryschoolsareinterconnectedandjointlydevelopedaseriesofinterdisciplinarycomprehensivepracticalactivitycourses,effectivelypromotingthecomprehensivedevelopmentofstudents.Atthesametime,thetwoschoolsalsosharedteachingresourcessuchasteachersandfacilities,improvingresourceutilizationefficiency.案例二：某縣實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)與實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)一體化辦學(xué)探索。該校在一體化辦學(xué)中注重發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢，實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)在教育教學(xué)改革方面先行先試，實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)則在德育工作和校園文化建設(shè)方面有著豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。兩校通過定期交流研討、共同開展教科研活動等方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了資源共享和優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)，提升了整體辦學(xué)水平。Case2:ExplorationofIntegratedEducationofExperimentalMiddleSchoolandExperimentalPrimarySchoolinaCounty.Theschoolfocusesonleveragingitsrespectiveadvantagesinintegratededucation,withexperimentalsecondaryschoolstakingtheleadineducationalandteachingreform,andexperimentalprimaryschoolshavingrichexperienceinmoraleducationandcampusculturalconstruction.Thetwoschoolshaveachievedresourcesharingandcomplementaryadvantagesthroughregularexchangesanddiscussions,andjointlycarriedoutteachingandresearchactivities,therebyimprovingtheoveralllevelofeducation.案例三：某區(qū)第一中學(xué)與附屬小學(xué)協(xié)同育人模式創(chuàng)新。該校在一體化辦學(xué)中突出了協(xié)同育人的理念，通過建立聯(lián)合育人機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩校在德育、智育、體育等方面的全面協(xié)同。該校還積極探索了跨學(xué)科、跨學(xué)段的教學(xué)模式，為學(xué)生提供了更加多元、個性化的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)。Case3:InnovativecollaborativeeducationmodelbetweentheFirstMiddleSchoolandAffiliatedPrimarySchoolinacertaindistrict.Theschoolhighlightstheconceptofcollaborativeeducationinintegratededucation,andthroughtheestablishmentofajointeducationmechanism,thetwoschoolshaveachievedcomprehensivecoordinationinmoraleducation,intellectualeducation,sports,andotheraspects.Theschoolalsoactivelyexploresinterdisciplinaryandcrossstageteachingmodels,providingstudentswithamorediverseandpersonalizedlearningexperience.這些案例的成功實(shí)踐為我們提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和啟示。九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)需要建立科學(xué)的管理機(jī)制，確保中學(xué)和小學(xué)在辦學(xué)上的深度融合。要注重課程設(shè)置的銜接性和綜合性，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。要充分利用和整合兩校的資源優(yōu)勢，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源共享和優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)。通過這些措施的實(shí)施，我們可以推動九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)向更高水平發(fā)展，為學(xué)生的成長和教育事業(yè)的進(jìn)步做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。Thesuccessfulpracticeofthesecaseshasprovideduswithvaluableexperienceandinspiration.Theintegrationofnine-yearconsistenteducationrequirestheestablishmentofascientificmanagementmechanismtoensurethedeepintegrationofsecondaryandprimaryschoolsineducation.Weshouldpayattentiontothecontinuityandcomprehensivenessofcurriculumdesign,andpromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofstudents.Tofullyutilizeandintegratetheresourceadvantagesofthetwoschools,andachieveresourcesharingandcomplementaryadvantages.Throughtheimplementationofthesemeasures,wecanpromotetheintegrationofnine-yearconsistentschooleducationtoahigherlevelofdevelopment,andmakegreatercontributionstothegrowthofstudentsandtheprogressofeducation.六、結(jié)論與展望ConclusionandOutlook經(jīng)過對九年一貫制學(xué)校一體化辦學(xué)模式的深入研究，我們可以清晰地看到其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢和潛在的價值。一體化辦學(xué)模式不僅有效地促進(jìn)了小學(xué)與初中之間的銜