2023譯林版新教材高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)同步練習(xí)-Unit 3　Back to the past

Unit3Backtothepast

單元達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)

（滿分:120分;時(shí)間:100分鐘）

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TheFriendsofCharlesDickens

Dickenswasbornin1812.Hisfather,aclerkinthenavypayoffice,wasthrownintodebtors'

prison.Themiserabletreatmentofchildrenandtheinstitutionofthedebtors9jailbecametopicsof

severalofDickens,snovels.

WilkieCollins（1824—1889）

WilkieCollinswasthesonofthepainterWilliamCollins.HewasbominLondonandlivedin

ItalyandFranceasachild.AlthoughtwelveyearsyoungerthanDickens,Wilkiebecameoneof

Dickens,sbestfriends.Hewasapopularnovelistwhodevelopedthemysteιynovelstyle.The

Moonstoneisoneofhisbest.HeandDickenswroteNoThoroughfare.

JohnElliotson（1791—1868）

ElliotsonwasDickens,sfamilydoctorformanyyearsandthustheybecamegoodfriends.

ElliotsonwasanearlyadvocatefortheuseoftheStethOSCoPe（聽(tīng)診器）.Healsobelievedintheuseof

acupuncture（針灸）.

EdgarAllanPoe（1809—1849）

PoewasanAmericanauthorbestknownforhispoemsandshortfiction.TheFalloftheHouse

ofUsherandTheMurdersintheRueMorguearetwoofhismostpopularworks.DickensandPoe,s

friendshipbeganinPhiladelphiawhileDickenswasonhisfirsttouroftheUnitedStates.Theytalked

aboutliteratureandseemedtoenjoyoneanother9scompany.However,twoyearslaterPoebrokeoff

therelationshipbecausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.Thearticlewaswritten

byThackeray,butPoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray（1811—1863）

WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelist.Hisbest-knownworkisVanityFair.Hewas

alsoafriendofCharlesDickens.WhileDickensandThackeraywerefriends,therelationshipwasn,t

alwayssmooth.Theyhadseveralseriousquarrels.OnequarrelinvolvedDickenssidingwith

EdmundYatesafterYatesinsultedThackeray.

!.WhohadtakencareofDickens,shealthforyears?

A.Poe.B.Elliotson.

C.Collins.D.Thackeray.

2.WhatbrokeDickensandPoe,sfriendship?

A.Atrafficaccident.

B.ApoemwrittenbyDickens.

C.AnarticlewrittenbyThackeray.

D.Theirideasaboutrunningcompanies.

3.WhatisThackeray9Smostfamousnovel?

A.VanityFair.

B.TheMoonstone.

C.TheFalloftheHouseofUsher.

D.TheMurdersintheRueMorgue.

B

Aclevertechnologisttooksteamboatinventionsandturnedthemintothefirstcommercial

steamboatservice.

AlthoughRobertFultondidnotinventthesteamboat,asiscommonlybelieved,heplayedan

importantroleinmakingsteamboattravelareality.HewasborninPennsylvaniain1765.Asa

youngman,hesetouttomakehisnameasaportraitpainter.HiscareertookhimtoEuropeandinto

theorbitofpeoplewiththepowertosupporthimpoliticallyandfinancially.

FultonenteredLondonsocietyafterhepaintedBenjaminFranklin,sportrait.Whileabroad,

Fultonlefttheartworldforacareerinshipbuilding.Hewasinterestedintherecently-inventedsteam

engine,andthoughtitcouldbeusedtopowerships.Fulton,svisionwasnotoriginal;manyothers

hadenteredthefield,andtheunfortunateinventorJohnFitchhadbuiltaworkingsteamshipalready.

ButlikeHenryFord,Fulton,stalentlaynotintheinventionbutintheproduct,sapplicationinthe

marketplace.

Fultondidn,tfocusentirelyonthesteamboat.In1804,hetestedthefirstsubmarinesuccessfully,

whichhehadbuiltfortheBritishRoyalNavy.Hisinventionwouldmakehimacelebrityuponhis

returntotheUnitedStatestwoyearslater.Fulton,spartnerRobertLivingstonobtainedanexclusive

licenseforsteamboatservicesonNewYork,sHudsonRiver.ItwastimeforFultontodeliver.

Tobuildanefficient,reliablesteamboat,FultonusedaspecialEnglishsteamengine.Theship,s

bottomwasflatanditsstemwassquare.ThesteamboatClermontmadeitsdebut（首次亮/目）on

August17,1807,steamingontheriverfromNewYorktoAlbany,anditsoonenteredcommercial

services.ThehillyterrainofNewYorkmadewatertransportfasterthanlandtransport,andFulton,s

boat—formerlyknownasthe“NorthRiverSteamboaf,—wasahit.Withinfiveyears,Fultonwould

berunningservicesonsixmajorriversplustheChesapeakeBay,andbringingreatprofits.

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.HenryFordwasasunfortunateasJohnFitch.

B.HenryFordwastalentedinproductapplication.

C.Fultonlefttheartworldashecouldn,tsupporthimself.

D.Fultonwasthefirsttocreateaworkingsteamship.

5.WhendidFultonbecomeacelebrityintheUnitedStates?

A.In1765.B.In1804.

C.In1807.D.In1806.

6.WhatismentionedaboutClermont?

A.Itoperatedforfiveyears.

BithadanAmericansteamengine.

C.ItearnedFultonmuchmoney.

D.Itwasnotacceptedbypeopleatfirst.

7.What,sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RobertFultonandHisSteamboat

B.RobertFulton:AGreatInventor

C-SteamboatsChangingWaterTransport

D.TheHistoryofCommercialSteamboats

C

Everysooften,aChinesefashionsymbolunknowinglyturnedthefashionlandscapeupside

down.Thistime,weunearthedtheimperialtombofChina,sEmpressDowagerCiXi（慈禧）（1835—

1908）andfoundhergreatpassionforluxuriousnails.

AncientChinesenoblesstartedgrowinglongnailsduringtheWarringStatesPeriodtoshow

thattheyweren,tmanuallaborers,butitwasn,tuntiltheMingDynastythatlongnailsandnail

guardsbecameanimportantsymbolofmaterialprosperity.Andthetrendreacheditspeakinthe

QingDynasty,withCixiasitsposterwoman.Cixinurturedroughly-20-cm-longnailsonherring

andpinkyfingersandtookcareofthemingem-laden（鑲滿寶石的）,colorfulnailguards.Duringthe

day,Cixiusuallyworenailguardsmadeofgoldorsilver.Accordingtothememoirsofhermaid,

beforebed,shewouldputthemintonailpocketsmadeofbrightyellowSatirI（緞子），probablyina

motherlymannersimilartoputtinghernailbabiesintotheirsleepingbags.

TheoriginsofnailguardsbeganintheHanDynastymorethanIOOOyearspriortotheir

mainstreamglory.Atthattime,theyweren,tparticularlydecorative.Itwasn,tuntiltheQingDynasty

thattheybecameasexpensiveanddelicateaspeopletodayknowthemtohavebeen.Common

designpatternsincludedplants,flowers,andcalligraphyart.Cixi,ontheotherhand,hadunique

rightstodragonandPhOenix(鳳凰)carvingsonhernailguards.Needlesstosay,shedidn,tSkimPOn

exercisingtheserights.

Longnailsmaynolongerbefrontandcenteronthefashionstagetoday.Yettheperioddrama

serieslikeEmpressesinthePalace(2011),RuyifsRoyalLoveinthePalace(2018),andStoryof

YanxiPalace(2018)broughtthepopularityoftheMorandicolorPalette(莫蘭迪色系)inChina,s

nailartcircle.InspiredbyItalianpainterGiorgioMorandi,themanicure(美甲)industrytodayalso

adoptsamoresoftenedcolorschemethatgivesafeelingofbalanceandelegance.

8.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?

A.ThelegendofChina,sEmpressDowagerCixi.

B.Thehistoryoflongnailguards.

C.Longnailsplayanimportantroleinperioddramaseries.

D.Womeninancienttimesshouldwearlongnailguards.

9.WhatcanWelearnfromthetext?

A.Cixitookoffnailguardswhenshewenttobed.

B.Cixicanonlywearnailguardswithdragonandphoenixcarvings.

C.NailguardscanshowthestatusontheroyalladderintheHanDynasty.

D.TheMingandQingDynastieshadlowerdegreeofacceptanceoflongnails.

10.Theunderlinedwords“skimpOrrinthethirdparagraphprobablymean"”.

A.delayB.subscribeto

C.practiceD上emeanwith

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thereisstillamarketfornailarttoday.

B.Morandiisagreatmasterinperioddrama.

C.Theperioddramaseriesareverypopulartoday.

D.Fashionnailartwillpermanentlybeonthefashionstage.

D

Accordingtoarchaeologicalevidence,atleast5,000yearsago,longbeforetheriseofthe

RomanEmpire,theBabyloniansbegantomeasuretime,introducingcalendarsmainlytoregulate

plantingandharvesting.Theybasedtheircalendarsonthecyclesofthesunandthemoon.Before

theinventionofartificiallight,themoonhadagreatersocialimpact.Forthoselivingnearthe

equatorinparticular,itschangesweremorenoticeablethanthepassingoftheseasons.Sothe

calendarsthatweredevelopedatlowerlatitudeswereinfluencedmorebythelunarcyclethanbythe

solarcycle.Inmorenorthernareas,however,whereseasonalagriculturewaspracticed,thesolar

cyclebecamemorevital.

CenturiesbeforetheRomanEmpire,theEgyptianshaddevelopedacalendarhavingtwelve

monthsofthirtydays,withfivedaysaddedtoapproximatetothesolaryear.Theydividedtheday

intotwelvetemporalorseasonalhours.Atemporalhourwasonetwelfthofthetimefromsunriseto

sunset.Similarly,theydividedthenightintotwelvehoursfromsunsettosunrise.Theseperiods

becameknownastemporalhoursbecausetheirdurationvariedaccordingtothechanginglengthof

daysandnightswiththepassingoftheseasons.Inthedaytime,summerhourswerelong,andwinter

onesshort.Temporalhours,whichwerefirstadoptedbytheGreeksandthentheRomans,who

spreadthemthroughEurope,remainedinuseformorethan2,500years.

Inordertotracktemporalhoursduringtheday,inventorscreatedsundials（日號(hào)）.Tokeeptime

duringthenight,inventorsdesignedanothertimekeepinginstrumentcalledthewaterclock.Oneof

thefirstwaterclockswasabasinwithasmallholenearthebottomthroughwhichthewaterfelldrop

bydrop.Thefallingwaterlevelshowedthepassinghourasitdippedbelowhourlinescutonthe

innersurface.AlthoughtheseinstrumentsperformedsatisfactorilyaroundtheMediterranean,they

couldnotalwaysbedependedoninthecloudyandoftenfreezingweatherofnorthernEurope.Asa

result,generationsofinventorsputtheireffortintodesigningall-weather,moreaccuratetimekeeping

instruments.

12.Thecycleofthesunhadmoreinfluenceontheancientcalendarsdeveloped.

A.neartheequator

B.athigherlatitudes

C.inmoresouthernareas

D.inmoredevelopedcountries

13.Whichofthefollowingweretheinventorsoftemporalhours?

A.TheGreeks.B.TheRomans.

C.TheEgyptians.D.TheBabylonians.

14.Whatwasoneofthedisadvantagesofthewaterclock?

A.Itwasveryexpensive.

B.Itwastedtoomuchwater.

C.Itcouldn,tshowthecorrecttime.

D.Itdidn,tworkproperlyinicyweather.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thepassingoftheseasons.

B.Theinventionofartificiallight.

C.Theearlyhistoryoftimekeeping.

D.ThecalendarsusedinRomantimes.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

TheStoryofMusic

Howdidmusicbegin?Didourearlyancestorsfirststartbybeatingthingstogethertocreate

rhythm,orusingtheirvoicestosing?Whattypesofinstrumentsdidtheyuse?16Theanswers

showthatthehistoryofmusicis,inmanyways,thehistoryofhumans.

So,whatismusic?

Thisisdifficulttoanswer,aseveryonehastheirownidea.t4Soundthatconveysemotion"is

whatJeremyMontaguoftheUniversityofOxforddescribesinhisarticle.

17

Ifwetakesinging,thencontrollingPitCh（音高）isimportant.Scientistshavestudiedtheskulls

andjawsofearlyapes,toseeiftheywereabletomakeasoundandcontrolpitch.Anotherimportant

componentofmusicisrhythm.Ourearlyancestorsmayhavecreatedrhythmicmusicbyclapping

theirhands.18

Manyoftheseinstrumentsarelikelytohavebeenmadeofsoftmaterialslikewood,andso

haven,tsurvived.Whathavesurvivedarebonepipes.So,musicisold,andmayhavebeenwithus

fromwhenhumansfirstevolved.

Butwhydiditariseandwhyhasitbeenexisting?

Therearemanypossiblefunctionsofmusic.Oneisdancing.Anotherobviousreasonformusic

isentertainment.19

However,themajorreasonwhymusicarisesandexistsmaybethatitbringspeopletogether.

20Heconcludes:"Ithasevenbeensuggestedthatmusic,inproducingsuchbonding,creatednot

onlythefamilybutsocietyitself,bringingindividualstogetherwhomightotherwisehavelived

alone.^^

A.Whendidourancestorsbeginmakingmusic?

B.Musiccanexpresscertainemotionthatyoucanfeel.

C.Thismaybelinkedtotheearliestmusicalinstruments.

D.0urancestorscreatedmusicbybeatingstonesorsticksbyaccident.

E.Hasmusicalwaysbeenimportantinhumansociety,andifso,why?

F.Musiccanalsobeusedforcommunication,oftenoverlargedistances.

G.??Musicleadstobonding,suchasbondingbetweenamotherandherchildorbondingbetween

groups,,,explainsMontagu.

16.17.18.19.20.

第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Thefourth-grader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso,she

hasshowntheworldwhatone21person,withpassion,cando.

Oneday,when22byanathleticfieldnearherschool,Sarahnoticedasmall23with

thenameEdwinT.Prattandtheyears1930—1969onit.She24whohewasandwhathedid.

Aftersome25,shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemanygood

thingsto26others.Sadly,hewas27justbecausesomeonedisagreedwithwhathewas

doing.

Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas28bigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch29on

others,Sarah30todosomething!

Therewasanew31goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowere32the

buildingprojectandaskedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt.Throughgreatefforts,hervision

becameareality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath,EdwinT.Prattwillbecelebratedasthenameof

thenewschool.

MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.But

Sarahhadthe33tolearnmore,thevisionofimaginingsomethingbetterandthecourageto

34heridea.Heramazingactionshave35manyotheryoungpeoplearoundtheworld.

21.A.honestB.youngC.cleverD.shy

22.A.walkingB.runningC.ridingD.driving

23.A.museumB.churchC.boardD.memorial

24.A.forgotB.realizedC.wonderedD.explained

25.A.discussionB.researchC.practiceD.thought

26.A.teachB.rescueC.helpD.repay

27.A.killedB.punishedC.blamedD.arrested

28.A.rarelyB.simplyC.merelyD.hardly

29.A.impactBjmpression

C.reflectionD.dependence

30.A.stoppedB.decidedC.happenedD.announced

31.A.libraryB.theatreC.schoolD.hospital

32.A.inneedofB.insearchof

C.infavourofD.inchargeof

33.A.curiosityB.confidenceC.chanceD.energy

34.A.proveB.changeC.presentD.pursue

35.A.astonishedB.inspired

C.attractedD.protected

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Theabacus(算盤(pán))wasagreatinventioninancientChina.Theabacus36(invent)onthe

basisofsmallsticks.Later,withthe37(develop)ofproductivity,theamountofcalculationwas

38(great).Andcalculationwithcountingstickslimitedthecalculation.Thus,peopleinventeda

more39(advance)counter-theabacus.

Withtheapplicationoftheabacus,peoplesummarizedmanyabacusrhymes(珠算口訣)，40

(increase)thecalculatingspeed.BythetimeoftheMingDynasty,peoplecouldusetheabacusin

addition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision,41werewidelyusedforcalculatingthe

weight,amount,spaceandvolume.

Sinceitwaseasytomakeorbuy42abacus,anditwasalsoeasytorememberabacus

rhymes,theabacuswaswidelyusedinancientChina.Later,theabacuswas43(gradual)spread

intoJapan,KoreaandsomecountriesandregionsinSouth-EastAsia.

Peoplefindthatusingabacusescanimprovethinkingandpracticalabilitiesinaddition44

providingconvenientcalculation.Sinceit45(require)cooperationofmind,eyesandthehand,it

isagoodwaytoimprovethecomprehensivereactionability.

36.37.38.39.40.

41.42.43.44.45.

第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

假如你是李華,準(zhǔn)備參加一家英文報(bào)社舉辦的演講比賽,你需要寫(xiě)一篇演講稿。你打算寫(xiě)一

篇介紹馬可?波羅的文章,內(nèi)容包括：

人物馬可?波羅（MarCoPok））

職業(yè)意大利旅行家

事件1.于13世紀(jì)沿著古絲綢之路來(lái)到中國(guó)；

2.在中國(guó)居住了17年,參觀過(guò)很多地方,

驚嘆于中國(guó)的美麗和強(qiáng)大；

3.把中國(guó)的文化和科學(xué)發(fā)明推向世界其

他地區(qū)。

你的評(píng)價(jià)……

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù);

3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。

Hello,everyone!

Thankyou.

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

DadandMomhadtogoonafour-daybusinesstrip.TheytaughttheireldersonDanieland

youngerdaughterJanehowtofeedandlookaftertheirdog,Spot,howtotakegoodcareof

themselves一learningtocookiftheycould,ororderingpizza（withmoneyleftonthetable）ifthey

werebusy,andtoldthemtokeeptheirroomscleanandtidy.TheyaskedDanieltobeincharge.

Ontheverymorningwhentheparentsleft,MomkissedthemandsaidtoDanielgently,uYoung

man,dotakecareofSpotandJane."Danielpromised,t?Iwill,Mom.^^

Tooexcitedtofallasleepagain,DanielandJanejumpedoutofbed,callingouttoeachotherto

getup.Theirpetdog,Spot,heardthesimilarvoiceandrushedin,withaballinitsmouth.Jane

StUCk（伸）herheadintoDanieΓsroom,ζ?Spotgotupanhourearlier.Let'swalkit."Danielsaid

excitedly,??I,mcoming.But,Jane,don,tforgettokeepyourroomcleanandtidy.^^"I

TheyranwiththedogintheyardandthrewtheballawayforSpottobringitback.Theyhad

funplayingwithSpotthewholemorning.WashingSpotwasslowandtiringasitwasthefirsttime

theyhaddonethat.ThenDanielsettleddowntohishomeworkwhileJanedidherreadingwith

interest.

Thefollowingday,Janebeggedherbrothertoorderpizzaforlunch.Danielagreedexcitedly,

“Wehaven,ttastedthatforlongandwebehaveourselves,right?MAfterawhile,headded,??We

shouldsavemoney,too."Withinhalfanhour,theytreatedthemselvestoabigpizza.However,in

theafternoon,Spotlookedsick,lyinglazilyandunwillingtomove.Danielwasconcernedaboutthe

dogandtookittothepetclinicimmediatelywithJaneastheirparentshaddone.

注意:續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph1:

WhenDadandMomarrivedadayearlier,theywereamazedtofindeverythinginamess._

Paragraph2:

Danielranintohisroom,withtearsinhiseyes,"Jane,thereisnoneedtoexplainandMom

won,ttrustmeanylonger.",

Unit3Backtothepast

第一部分閱讀

第一節(jié)

A

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文,主要介紹了英國(guó)作家查爾斯?狄更斯的四位朋友。

1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“EHiotsonwasDickens,sfamilydoctorformanyyearsand

thustheybecamegoodfriends.”可知,Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭醫(yī)生,因此可推知他多年照

顧DiCkenS的健康。故選B。

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句"However,twoyearslaterPoebrokeofftherelationship

becausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.ThearticlewaswrittenbyThackeray,but

PoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.”可知,兩年后,Poe因?yàn)閷?duì)一篇關(guān)于美國(guó)詩(shī)歌的文

章感到憤怒而斷絕了這段關(guān)系。這篇文章是ThaCkeray寫(xiě)的,但Poe認(rèn)為這篇文章的背后是

DiCkenS,故ThaCkeray寫(xiě)的一篇文章破壞了Dickens和Poe的友誼。故選Co

3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelist.Hisbest-

knownworkisVanityFair.”可知,WiHiamMakepeaceThackeray最著名的小說(shuō)是VanityFair。故

選Ao

B

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。美國(guó)人羅伯特?富爾頓最初是一位畫(huà)家,后來(lái)致力于研究蒸汽

船的應(yīng)用。

4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,富爾頓是在為本杰明?富蘭克林畫(huà)肖像后進(jìn)入倫敦社交圈

的。在國(guó)外的時(shí)候,富爾頓離開(kāi)了藝術(shù)界,轉(zhuǎn)而從事造船業(yè)。他對(duì)最近發(fā)明的蒸汽機(jī)感興趣,認(rèn)

為它可以用來(lái)為船只提供動(dòng)力。富爾頓的設(shè)想并非原創(chuàng),很多人都進(jìn)入了這個(gè)領(lǐng)域,發(fā)明家約

翰?菲奇已經(jīng)造出了一艘可以工作的蒸汽船。但就像亨利?福特一樣,富爾頓的才能不在于發(fā)明，

而在于產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上的應(yīng)用。由此推測(cè),亨利?福特的天賦在于產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用。故選B。

5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In1804,hetestedthefirstsubmarinesuccessfully...His

inventionwouldmakehimacelebrityuponhisreturntotheUnitedStatestwoyearslater.,,∏J

知,1804年富爾頓成功測(cè)試了第一艘潛水艇,這使得他在兩年后一回到美國(guó)就成了名人,故他是

在1806年成了美國(guó)的名人的。故選D。

6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的”...Fulton'sboat—formerlyknownasthe'NorthRiver

Steamboat5——wasahit.Withinfiveyears,Fultonwouldberunningservicesonsixmajorriversplus

theChesapeakeBay,andbringingreatPrOfitS.”可知,富爾頓的船受到了人們的歡迎,帶來(lái)了很大

的利潤(rùn)。故選C。

7.A主旨大意題。本文主要講述了羅伯特?富爾頓的經(jīng)歷以及他改良蒸汽船的過(guò)程,所以A項(xiàng)

“羅伯特?富爾頓和他的汽船”最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選Ao

C

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為一篇說(shuō)明文,文章通過(guò)描述慈禧對(duì)護(hù)甲的熱情,介紹了中國(guó)古代的人留長(zhǎng)指

甲和戴護(hù)甲的歷史,以及現(xiàn)代美甲藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。

8.B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文通過(guò)描述慈禧對(duì)護(hù)甲的熱情,主要介紹了中國(guó)古代的人

留長(zhǎng)指甲和戴護(hù)甲的歷史,并在最后介紹了現(xiàn)代美甲藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。故選B。

9.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Duringtheday,Cixiusuallyworenailguardsmadeofgold

orsilver.Accordingtothememoirsofhermaid,beforebed,shewouldputthemintonailPoCketS”可

知,慈禧上床睡覺(jué)時(shí)會(huì)摘下護(hù)甲。故選A。

10.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)所在句的上一句“Cixi,ontheotherhand,haduniquerightsto

dragonandphoenixcarvingsonhernailguards.“可知,慈禧在護(hù)甲上雕刻龍和鳳的圖翥以顯示其

尊貴的地位,由此可推測(cè),畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)所產(chǎn)句的意思為“不用說(shuō),她在行使這些權(quán)利時(shí)不吝嗇“。所

以,skimpon與bemeanwith同義,表示“在...方面吝嗇"。故選Do

11.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Yettheperioddramaserieslike...broughtthe

popularityoftheMorandicolorpaletteinChina'snailartCirCIe.”可推測(cè),隨著莫蘭迪色系的流行,

如今美甲藝術(shù)仍然有市場(chǎng)。故選A。

D

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了古代的計(jì)時(shí)方法。

12.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Sothecalendarsthatweredevelopedatlowerlatitudeswere

influencedmorebythelunarcyclethanbythesolarcycle.Inmorenorthernareas...thesolarcycle

becamemorevital.”可知,月亮的周期對(duì)i?低緯度地區(qū)制定的歷法影響更大,而太陽(yáng)的周期對(duì)在高

緯度地區(qū)(即更靠北的地區(qū))制定的歷法影響更大。故選Bo

13.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theEgyptians...dividedthedayintotwelvetemporalor

SeaSonalhOUrS”可知,埃及人把白天分成十二個(gè)與時(shí)間有關(guān)的或季節(jié)性的小時(shí)。故選Co

14.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"theycouldnotalwaysbedependedoninthecloudyand

oftenfreezingweatherofnorthernEUroPe”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,水鐘在冬天結(jié)冰時(shí)不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。故

選Do

15.C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了古代計(jì)時(shí)的方法,所以本文是一篇關(guān)于人類(lèi)

早期計(jì)時(shí)歷史的文章。故選C。

第二節(jié)

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。音樂(lè)史在許多方面就是人類(lèi)史,音樂(lè)在人類(lèi)社會(huì)中一直都扮

演著重要的角色。為什么會(huì)有音樂(lè)的存在?音樂(lè)又是什么時(shí)候產(chǎn)生的呢?本文對(duì)此做了簡(jiǎn)要介

紹。

16.E下一句提到音樂(lè)史在許多方面就是人類(lèi)史。E項(xiàng)提出問(wèn)題,問(wèn)到音樂(lè)在人類(lèi)社會(huì)中是否

一直都很重要及其重要的原因,恰能引起下文,符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

17.A根據(jù)設(shè)空處的位置可知其應(yīng)為下面段落的小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)設(shè)空處下面段落的內(nèi)容可知,科

學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研究了早期類(lèi)人猿的頭蓋骨和頜骨,看它們是否能夠發(fā)出聲音和控制音高。也就是

說(shuō),科學(xué)家們研究了什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始有音樂(lè)的。而選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)與什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)的有

關(guān),所以A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。

18.C上一句提到我們的早期祖先可能通過(guò)拍手來(lái)創(chuàng)作有節(jié)奏的音樂(lè)。C項(xiàng)點(diǎn)明這可能和最

早的樂(lè)器有關(guān)聯(lián),符合語(yǔ)境;而且,C項(xiàng)中的“instruments”呼應(yīng)下文中的“theseinstruments"o故選

Co

19.F根據(jù)上面的小標(biāo)題和上文內(nèi)容可知,本段主要講的是音樂(lè)產(chǎn)生和存在的原因。F項(xiàng)點(diǎn)明

音樂(lè)也可以用于交流,通常是遠(yuǎn)距離的交流。而這正是音樂(lè)產(chǎn)生和存在的原因之一,所以F項(xiàng)符

合語(yǔ)境。故選F。

20.G上一句提到音樂(lè)產(chǎn)生和存在的主要原因可能是它能使人們聚在一起。G項(xiàng)點(diǎn)明音樂(lè)會(huì)

促進(jìn)人與人之間的關(guān)系,比如母親和孩子之間的關(guān)系,或者是群體之間的聯(lián)系。G項(xiàng)中的

“bonding”和上一句中的“bringspeopletogether”表達(dá)的含義相近,且下一句中的代詞“He”指代的

是G項(xiàng)中的“Montagu”,所以G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選Go

第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用

第一節(jié)

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文,講述了主人公SarahHaycox通過(guò)自己的努力,讓一個(gè)已被人忘

記的民權(quán)領(lǐng)袖重新被人紀(jì)念的故事。

21.B考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文提到四年級(jí)的學(xué)生SarahHayCOX及最后一段最后一句中的“other

youngPeOPIe”可知應(yīng)是年輕(young)人。故選B。

22.A考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Mostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorial

withoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.”可知,此處指她走(Walking)過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。故選Ao

23.D考查名詞。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Mostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithout

thinkingaboutwhoMr.PrattWaS.”可知,此處應(yīng)是她注意至IJ一座小紀(jì)念碑(memorial)。故選Do

24.C考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,她做了一些調(diào)查,最后知道了紀(jì)念碑上的人的身份。由此

可推測(cè),此處表示她想知道(WOndered)。故選C。

25.B考查名詞。根據(jù)后面她得知的內(nèi)容可知,此處指調(diào)查(research)。故選B。

26.C考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文可知,EdwinT.Pratt是一位民權(quán)領(lǐng)袖,人們給他樹(shù)立了紀(jì)念碑。由此

推測(cè),他一定幫助(help)過(guò)很多人。故選C。

27.A考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,有人不同意他的做法,因此他被殺害(killed)了。故選A。

28.D考查副詞。根據(jù)上文可知,EdwinFPratt是一位民權(quán)領(lǐng)袖,為人們做了很多事情。由此推

測(cè),此處指一座小小的紀(jì)念碑是不(hardIy)夠的。故選D0

29.A考查名詞。上文提到作為一位民權(quán)領(lǐng)袖,他幫助了很多人,所以Sarah覺(jué)得一座小小的紀(jì)

念碑是不夠的,因?yàn)樗麑?duì)別人產(chǎn)生了很大影響(impact)。impression當(dāng)“影響”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,根

據(jù)空前的much可知應(yīng)選impacto故選A0

30.B考查動(dòng)詞。由下文可知,Sarah為了紀(jì)念這位民權(quán)領(lǐng)袖,找了一所新學(xué)校來(lái)以他的名字命

名。由此推測(cè),此處指Sarah決定(decided)做點(diǎn)什么。故選B。

31.C考查名詞。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到的新學(xué)?？芍?此處指新建的一所兒童學(xué)校

(school)o故選C。

32.D考查介詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)下文“askedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt”可知,她弄清楚

了負(fù)責(zé)(inchargeof)這個(gè)建筑項(xiàng)目的人,然后問(wèn)他們能否以Pratt先生的名字命名這所學(xué)校。故

選D。

33.A考查名詞。根據(jù)上文提到的她想知道他是誰(shuí)、他做了什么事可知,Sarah有好奇心

(CUriOSity),想要知道更多。故選A。

34.D考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文提到的當(dāng)Sarah覺(jué)得紀(jì)念碑太小而不足以紀(jì)念這位民權(quán)領(lǐng)袖時(shí),她

找到新建學(xué)校項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人,成功地說(shuō)服了他們以Pratt先生的名字來(lái)