Unit+1+People+of+Achievement+Key+Words+and+expressions+高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

Unit1PeopleofAchievementKeywordsandexpressionscrucialadj.becrucialto/for…對(duì)于…至關(guān)重要Itiscrucialthat…極為重要的是…;關(guān)鍵是…that從句中謂語(yǔ)形式為(should)+v原形

,(crucial)bothsinginganddancingtendtobegroupactivities.Itiscrucialthatallstudents

(develop)thesebasicskills.Itiscrucialthattheproblem

(solve)immediately.Crucially(should)develop(should)besolved至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的Makingrightcareerchoices_____________________________.做出正確的職業(yè)選擇對(duì)個(gè)人成功至關(guān)重要。Itiscrucialthattheproblem__________________immediately.

關(guān)鍵是要馬上處理這一問(wèn)題。Parents_____________________preparingtheirchildforschool.父母對(duì)孩子做好上學(xué)的準(zhǔn)備起著至關(guān)重要的作用。iscrucialtopersonalsuccessplayacrucialrolein【練一練】

(should)bedealtwithvitaladj.bevitalto/for…Itisvitaltodo…Itisvitalthat…對(duì)于…至關(guān)重要做…至關(guān)重要至關(guān)重要的是…that從句中謂語(yǔ)形式為(should)+v原形Itisvitalthatyou

(keep)accuraterecords.Itisvital

(get)medicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.It'snot

(vital)importantthatwegetextrafundingfortheprojectbutitwouldhelp.Understandinghistoryisvitalto

(understand)ourselvesasapeopleandasanation.(should)keeptogetvitallyunderstanding必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的【練一練】1.Itisvitalthatwe___________(be)inagoodstateofmindinthefaceoffailure.2.Understandinghistoryisvital________understandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.3.Readingis_____vitalimportanceinlearninglanguage.翻譯：1.信守諾言非常重要。2.了解歷史對(duì)于了解我們作為一個(gè)民族和一個(gè)國(guó)家至關(guān)重要。to/for(should)beItisvitaltokeeppromises.Understandinghistoryisvitalto/forunderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.ofcommit

vt.&vi.承諾；保證（某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等）；忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活動(dòng)）犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行等）todosomethingwrongorillegal

commitmurder/acrime/a

mistake/suicide(2)vt.&vi.(使)承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）做出保證

tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth.a:Atalentscientistswellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.黃大年是一位以獻(xiàn)身祖國(guó)而聞名的天才科學(xué)家，他致力于地球物理學(xué)研究。b:Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettletheconflictspeacefully.vt.投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb:Hecommitsanhourtoreadingthenewspapereverymorning.--commitmentn.奉獻(xiàn)；投入；承諾--committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的willingtoworkveryhardatsth.TuYouyouisacommittedandpatientscientist.commitvt./vi.commitoneselftodosth.commitoneselfto(doing)sth.becommittedto(doing)sth.承諾/保證做某事;遵守協(xié)議或安排等致力于做某事;承諾做某事致力于做某事;承諾做某事committed

adj.commitmentn.盡心盡力的,堅(jiān)定的;堅(jiān)信的承諾;保證;奉獻(xiàn),獻(xiàn)身;投入vt.承諾，保證；做（錯(cuò)事），犯（罪）；投入（錢(qián)、時(shí)間、人力等）

vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)【練一練】1.Hecommittedhimself____thecauseofeducation.2.Mr.Liisa___________(commit)teacher,whoisverypopularamongstudents.3.Thisdevelopmentarea_______________（致力于）creatingaperfectinvestmentenvironment.4.Therewasnodoubtthathercolleague____________________（犯了罪）andwasputintoprison.5.Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship,youshould__________________（做出承諾）.tocommittediscommittedtocommittedacrimemakeacommitmentcommit/commitmentAreyoureadytomakealong-termcommitment?Iwasimpressedbytheeffortandcommitmentshownbytheplayers.Wearegratefultothegovernmentforitscommitmentsoffoodandmedicalaid.Bradycommittedaseriesofbrutalmurders.Thejudgecommittedhimtoprisonforsixmonths.承諾奉獻(xiàn)投入犯(罪)監(jiān)禁objectiveobjectn./vi.物體,實(shí)物；目的,宗旨；反對(duì)objectto(doing)sth.反對(duì)(做)某事objectionn.[C/U]反對(duì)；異議Sheobjectedto

(rewrite)thearticle.Thelawyerhadno

(object)tothejudgement.Lookatyourskills

(objective)whendecidingonacareerchange.rewritingobjectionsubjectiveadj.主觀的objectivelyn.[C]目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的distinctadj.bedistinctfrom…與…不同=bedifferentfrom…Thelearningneedsofthetwogroupsarequite

fromeachother.Theoutlineoftheshipbecamemore

.Beerhasvery

smell;it'squite

fromthesmellofwine.distinctdistinctionbetweenAandBA和B之間的區(qū)別distinctiveadj.獨(dú)特的，有特色的distinctdistinctivedistinct清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的

6.acknowledgev.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開(kāi))感謝[教材原句]

However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.

然而，屠呦呦不承認(rèn)失敗?！境Ｒ?jiàn)搭配】acknowledgedoing/havingdone

sth.

承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...

承認(rèn)某事/某人是......acknowledgethat...

承認(rèn)…Itis(widely/generally)acknowledgedthat...人們(普遍)認(rèn)為……【詞匯拓展】acknowledgementn.承認(rèn);（公開(kāi)的）感謝【練一練】1.TuYouyou__________________________oneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.=___________________________TuYouyouisoneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.2.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge

___(steal)the

lady’spurse.3.Iwouldliketo____________allthehelpIhavereceivedfrommyfamily.iswidelyacknowledgedas/tobeItiswidelyacknowledgedthatstealingacknowledge7.defeatn.失??；挫敗

vt.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝suffer(a)defeat遭遇失敗

acknowledge/admit/acceptdefeat認(rèn)輸defeattheenemy擊敗敵人【詞語(yǔ)辨析】defeat，beat與windefeat/beat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗中或競(jìng)賽中“戰(zhàn)勝、打敗(對(duì)手)”，后接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，可以互換，如

beat/defeattheteam/competitor...win

戰(zhàn)勝、贏得。其賓語(yǔ)通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品或表尊重、崇拜

之類(lèi)意義的詞，如winagame/match/race/prize。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手不能作其賓語(yǔ)。但可說(shuō)winoversb.，指把某人爭(zhēng)取過(guò)來(lái)）YesterdayI__________Hanksinthematch.He____onlyoneset，whileI___two.昨天在比賽中我贏了漢克斯。他只贏了一局，而我贏了兩局。defeated/beatwonwon8.insist

vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求[教材原句]

TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.

屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持要在自己身上測(cè)試這種藥，以確保它的安全性?！境Ｒ?jiàn)搭配】insiston/upondoingsth.堅(jiān)持要做某事insistthat...

(1)表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣Thewomaninsiststhatherhusbandisanhonestmanandcan’tdoit.(2)表示“堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略Thedoctorinsistedthatmymother(should)stayathomeforatleasttendays.【練一練】1.Thebravecaptaininsistedon_________(head)

tothedestinationinthestorm.2.HeinsistedthatI____________(take)backwhatIsaid,butIinsistedthatmywords___________(be)right.3.Sheinsistedthattheman______________(steal)herwalletandthathe_____________(send)tothepolicestation.

heading(should)takewerehadstolen(should)besent句式1：Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關(guān)鍵成分，據(jù)估計(jì)每年僅在非洲就挽救了10萬(wàn)人的性命。(1)“sb./sth.bethoughtto...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“.......被認(rèn)為……”，可與“It’sthoughtthat”互換。類(lèi)似用法的詞還有said,believed,considered,reported等。

besaidto...=It’ssaidthat據(jù)說(shuō)……bereportedto...=It’sreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道……bebelievedto...=It’sbelievedthat人們相信……beclaimedto...=It’sclaimedthat據(jù)聲稱(chēng)……完成句子：據(jù)報(bào)道，得這種新疾病的人癥狀不一Differentpeoplewiththenewdisease_______________(report)havediversesymptoms.=_________________differentpeoplewiththenewdiseasehavediversesymptoms.arereportedtoIt’sreportedthat(2)“sb./sth.bethought(過(guò)去分詞)to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。to

do(表示一般情況或動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生)tobedoing(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)tohavedone(表示動(dòng)作已完成)tobedone（表示被動(dòng)且動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生）tohavebeendone（表示被動(dòng)且動(dòng)作已完成）例：bethoughtMrSmithissaid_______________________nextmonth.據(jù)說(shuō)，史密斯先生下個(gè)月會(huì)出國(guó)。MrSmithissaid_____________________________threetimes.據(jù)說(shuō)，史密斯先生已經(jīng)出國(guó)三次了。MrSmithissaid_________________________________abroadnow.據(jù)說(shuō)，史密斯先生現(xiàn)在正在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。togoabroadtohavebeenabroadtobestudying句式2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”當(dāng)聽(tīng)到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的消息時(shí)，她說(shuō)：“榮譽(yù)不只是屬于我自己……”[句式剖析]在本句中，Uponhearing…是“upon+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。upon還可換為介詞on，表示一件事情緊接著另一件事情發(fā)生。這種用法常見(jiàn)于正式文體中，譯為“在……的時(shí)候；當(dāng)……時(shí)；一……就……”Uponreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifesayingshehadafall,Mr.Greenimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.句式2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”當(dāng)聽(tīng)到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的消息時(shí)，她說(shuō)：“榮譽(yù)不只是屬于我自己……”[拓展]有時(shí)也可用“upon/on+名詞”形式表達(dá)相同的意思。Upon/ontheirreturntothecountry,thegirlsinthenationalvolleyballteamreceivedpraiseandfreshflowers.改寫(xiě)句子：1.I’lltellherthenewsassoonasIseeher.→________________her,I’lltellherthenews.2.Assoonastheyarrivedatthevillage,thesecollegestudentswenttohelpthefarmerswiththeirwork.→__________________atthevillage,thesecollegestudentswenttohelpthefarmerswiththeirwork.→__________________atthevillage,thesecollegestudentswenttohelpthefarmerswiththeirwork.Upon/OnseeingUpon/OnarrivingUpon/Ontheirarrivalacknowledgevt.acknowledgethat…beacknowledgedas/tobe…Itisacknowledgedthat…承認(rèn)…被認(rèn)為是…人們認(rèn)為…Thefilmfestivalisacknowledged

aneventofinternationalimportance.Itisatruthuniversally

(acknowledge)thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.asacknowledgementn.承認(rèn)/感謝acknowledged

承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開(kāi))感謝insistvi./vt.insiston(doing)sth.堅(jiān)持(做)某事insistencen.[U]堅(jiān)決要求insistentadj.堅(jiān)決要求的；持續(xù)不斷的insistthat…①堅(jiān)持要求…【that從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)形式(should)+v原形?！竣趫?jiān)持認(rèn)為(所謂事實(shí))…【that從句中使用陳述語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)形式根據(jù)語(yǔ)義改變。】堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求【練一練】Istillinsist

myviewpoint.Heinsistedon

(pay)forthemeal.HeinsistedthatI

(stay)athome.Shewas

(insist)thattheyshouldallmeetfordinner.Theladyinsistedthattheboy

(steal)hermoneyandthathe

(arrest).onpaying(should)stayinsistenthadstolenbearrestedconclusionn.cometoaconclusionthat…reachaconclusionthat…drawaconclusionthat…得出結(jié)論…inconclusionbring…toaconclusion總之結(jié)束…concludefrom…that…Itisconcludedthat…concludewithsth.從…中推斷出…結(jié)論是…以…而結(jié)束Theprogramconcluded

asong.Whatcanyouconclude

whathesaid?Whenhebringshisspeechtoanice

(conclude),Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

It

(conclude)thattheyagreedtomakejointefforttoimprovetheworkingconditions.withfromconclusionwasconcluded【練一練】circumstancen.in/under…circumstances在…的情況下in/underthecircumstances在這種情況下It'sthebestresultthatcouldbeexpected

thecircumstances.Undernocircumstances

(他決不會(huì)借錢(qián)給John).in/underin/undernocircumstances無(wú)論如何都不；決不willhelendmoneytoJohn.passionn.[C/U]Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassion

itarenotenough.Successdependsfundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandoftheeventsinourlives.Weareboth

(passion)aboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.

haveapassionfor(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事有熱情forflyintoapassion勃然大怒=flyintoatemperpassionatebepassionateabout…對(duì)…狂熱/酷愛(ài)consequencen.Daviddidn'tworkhard,sohis

(consequence)failurewasinevitable.Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,