2023北京高考真題英語（教師版）

2023北京高考真題英語第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven____1____,soitwassurprisingI’d____2____toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat﹣postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto____3____,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom____4____.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.”Thepagesbegan____5____.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill____6____,“Fivepages!That’simpossible!”“Well,you’dbettergetbacktowork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda____7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.____8____,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould____9____theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My____10____stillneededsomenudging(激發(fā)),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.1.A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier2.A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat3.A.weep B.rest C.write D.read4.A.learning B.playing C.planning D.laughing5.A.standingout B.flyingby C.breakingup D.checkingin6.A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning7.A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution8.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead9.A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict10.A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence第二節(jié)(共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I____11____(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup____12____(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest____13____(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When____14____(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect____15____(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction____19____(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld____20____(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(沖刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.?Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.A.createchangeintheircommunity B.attendavirtuallearningprogrammeC.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds D.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.A.completeareflectiontaskeachweek B.watchsportsontheIOCchannelC.workonasport-basedproject D.coachandadvisetheirpeers23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood. B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.C.Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning. D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振動)inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(視角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname?A.Anxious. B.Angry. C.Surprised. D.Settled.25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A.criticisethereviewprocess B.staylongerintheSaharaDesertC.applytotheoriginalprojectagain D.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.A.demanding B.inspiring C.misleading D.amusing27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Aninvitationisareputation. B.Aninnovationisaresolution.C.Arejectioncanbearedirection. D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A.drawacomparisonB.introduceatopicC.evaluateastatementD.highlightaproblem29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31.RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A.supportive B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.doubtful32.Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Shocked. B.Protected. C.Attracted. D.Challenged.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?第二節(jié)(共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____37____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.____38____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4題;第(1)、(2)題各2分，第(3)題3分，第(4)題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(觸發(fā))bythesecues.A“habitloop(環(huán))”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40.Howarehabitsbuilt?________________________________________________________________41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.________________________________________________________________43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以“綠色北京”為主題的社團(tuán)活動，他發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：(1)活動形式；(2)活動內(nèi)容。注意：(1)詞數(shù)100左右；(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua

參考答案第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共15分)【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要主要講述了作者很害羞，剛來到新學(xué)校后更加害羞，不愛說話。于是老師讓作者寫一篇五頁的“我為什么不應(yīng)該在課上講話”的文章。作者寫的文章很搞笑，第二天當(dāng)老師在課堂上讀作者的文章時，同學(xué)們都笑了起來。【1題詳解】考查形容詞比較級詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷靜的；D.happier更高興的。由上文“Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以剛到新學(xué)校更加害羞了，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。A.nod點(diǎn)頭；B.point指；C.listen聽；D.chat閑聊。由下文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.(現(xiàn)在我在付出代價(jià)——就“我為什么不應(yīng)該在班里說話”寫一篇五頁的文章)”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.”可知，布萊克老師想知道我為什么不在班里說話的原因，由此可知，當(dāng)老師想讓我和同學(xué)們說話時，我認(rèn)為要我和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的，故選D。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我終于坐下來開始寫作時，我首先說出了布萊克老師想聽的理由。A.weep哭泣；B.rest休息；C.write寫；D.read讀。由上文“towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass””可知，此處write是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我開始寫這篇五頁的文章，故選C。【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：談話使我和我的鄰桌不能學(xué)習(xí)。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.playing玩；C.planning計(jì)劃；D.laughing笑。由上文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.”可知，現(xiàn)在我要寫一篇五頁的文章，那要花費(fèi)我一晚上，所以說和鄰桌談話會阻止我和鄰居學(xué)習(xí)，且以談話會妨礙學(xué)習(xí)來解釋，說明自己愛學(xué)習(xí)，這也是老師愿意聽到的，故選A。【5題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：書頁開始飛逝。A.standingout突出；B.flyingby飛越；飛逝；C.breakingup分手；D.checkingin登記。由上文“WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.””可知，我開始寫出很多內(nèi)容，所以此處用flyby來說明我很快寫出了很多頁，故選B。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)媽媽下班回家的時候，我仍然在抱怨，“五頁！這不可能！”A.celebrating慶祝；B.longing渴望；C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。由下文““Fivepages!That’simpossible!””可知，我認(rèn)為我不可能寫完這五頁的內(nèi)容，所以在抱怨，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我有點(diǎn)期待得到一種說教——至少一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。A.lecture說教；B.reason原因；C.reward獎勵；D.solution解決辦法。由下文“atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”可知，“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”這是一種說教，故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，媽媽一邊讀一邊笑。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同時；D.Instead代替；反而。前后句子“Ihalfexpecteda______7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”和“mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.”內(nèi)容相反，應(yīng)用instead，我本期待得到媽媽的獎勵，然而媽媽非但沒有獎勵，反而在讀我的文章時一邊讀一邊笑，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我能判斷出他們不是在取笑我：他們笑是因?yàn)槲矣心芰χv一個有趣的故事。A.hope希望；B.imagine想象；C.tell告訴；看出，判斷出；區(qū)分；D.predict預(yù)計(jì)。由下文“theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.”可知，我能判斷出來，他們笑是因?yàn)槲抑v的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故選C。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推動，但我確實(shí)學(xué)到了我在寫作的時候并不害羞。A.patience耐心；B.confidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence獨(dú)立。由下文“stillneededsomenudging(激發(fā)),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推動，故選B。第二節(jié)(共15分)【答案】11.wouldthrow12.exactly13.hadarrived【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在瑞士和法國體驗(yàn)到的不同的守時習(xí)俗?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)時，我感到非常驚訝。表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)應(yīng)用過去將來時。故填wouldthrow。【12題詳解】考查副詞。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)時，我感到非常驚訝。修飾介詞短語ontime應(yīng)用副詞exactly，故填exactly?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：多年以后，搬到法國后，我在約定的時間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場，女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填hadarrived?！敬鸢浮?4.seen15.cities16.hasestablished【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。紅樹林，生長在陸地和海洋之間，有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲，到目前為止，中國已建立了一批紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)?！?4題詳解】考查狀語從句的省略。句意：從遠(yuǎn)處看，紅樹林顯得更加壯觀。逗號前面是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，當(dāng)狀語從句和主句主語是同一主語時，且從句含有be動詞，從句可以省略主語和be動詞。在從句中，主語為themangroveforests，和動詞see是被動關(guān)系，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，完整形式為whentheyareseenfromafar，省略主語和be動詞，故填seen?！?5題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲。此處應(yīng)用名詞city作賓語，為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。【16題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了一些紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。由Uptonow(到目前為止)可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是China，助動詞應(yīng)用has，故填hasestablished?！敬鸢浮?7.to18.where19.toaddress20.facing【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。尼娜在32個國家跑過馬拉松。她所有的跑步活動都有一個目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個水會議。她呼吁采取行動，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。她的努力鼓勵其他人參與到一場名為“藍(lán)色奔跑”的全球運(yùn)動中來。【17題詳解】考查介詞。句意：她所有的跑步活動都有一個指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。表示“關(guān)注”短語為callattentionto。故填to?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個水會議。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chicago，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知address在句中作目的狀語，故用不定式。故填toaddress?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知face與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填facing。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑?！敬鸢浮?1.B22.C23.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個成為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖的項(xiàng)目以及要求。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.(為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺是一個虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，將于2023年11月進(jìn)行。這些會議可以現(xiàn)場觀看，也可以在IOC頻道播出后觀看)”可知，在為期四周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加虛擬學(xué)習(xí)課程。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.(在成功完成為期4周的沖刺學(xué)習(xí)后，您需要提交一份以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，如果您被選為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖，您將參與其中)”可知，如果被選為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖，需要做一個以運(yùn)動為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.(你至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，對申請人的要求是至少一年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B?！敬鸢浮?4.A25.D26.B27.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).(當(dāng)我看到郵件發(fā)件人的名字時，我的心跳加速了。這封郵件是這樣開頭的：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，“審核過程比預(yù)期的要長?！毙诺慕Y(jié)尾是“我們很抱歉地通知你……”，我的視線模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒絕的郵件，所以推測作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時感到焦慮。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.(因此，當(dāng)我收到這封郵件后不久，負(fù)責(zé)這個項(xiàng)目的瑪麗·德文教授邀請我去她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室觀察正在進(jìn)行的工作時，我感到非常震驚。我欣然接受了這個機(jī)會，幾周后，當(dāng)她邀請我和她談?wù)勎铱梢栽谒膶?shí)驗(yàn)室里從事的潛在項(xiàng)目時，我同樣感到震驚——同時也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建議似乎沒有我最初申請的項(xiàng)目那么令人興奮，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，與德文教授交談后，作者決定全心全意地投入實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和一個機(jī)器人教授一起研究從沙漠中遠(yuǎn)程收集數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。我可以在沙發(fā)上完成這個項(xiàng)目，而不是在沙漠的酷熱中完成，它不僅在封鎖期間幸存下來，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科學(xué)興趣去追求)”可推知，機(jī)器人學(xué)教授的項(xiàng)目很鼓舞人心。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.(我明白了有時候我需要抓住提供的機(jī)會，即使這些機(jī)會在當(dāng)時聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不變地制定計(jì)劃)”結(jié)合文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。故C選項(xiàng)“拒絕可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故選C?！敬鸢浮?8.D29.C30.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會的一個重大問題。事實(shí)證明，人們對現(xiàn)在有偏見，以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，專注于當(dāng)下有吸引力的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段首句“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會的一個重大問題。)”提出一個問題——短期主義，接著下文“ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatonce