2024年廣東省高三一模高考英語(yǔ)試卷試題答案祥解（含作文范文）

試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)2024廣東省一模英語(yǔ)測(cè)試試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWelcometoWSULibraries!Inthisguide,we’llunlockthemysteriesofcallnumbersandlocationprefixes.Knowingthesehelpsyouquicklylocateandaccessyourdesiredbooks.CallNumbersBooksandmaterialarearrangedonourshelvesaccordingtotheLibraryofCongress(LC)classificationsystem.Thesecallnumbersuniquelyidentifyandorganizeitemsnearothermaterialonthesameorsimilarsubjects.Considerthecallnumber:LB2395C651991.?LBdefinesthesubjectarea.Thecalllettersaretypicallyarrangedinalphabetical(字母的)order,startingfromAandcontinuingthroughthealphabet.Knowingtheletter(s)foryoursubjectareagivesyouaplacetostartbrowsingtheshelves.Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.Formore,clickhere.?2395istheclassificationnumber,whichfurtherdistinguishesthesubjectmatter.Readasawholenumber:1,2,3,45,100,2430.?C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小數(shù)).?1991istheyearofpublication.LocationPrefixesSomecallnumbershavealocationprefix.Locationprefixesmeanthatthebookormaterialisshelvedinaspecialplace,andmayhaveloanrestrictions.WSUusesthefollowingprefixes:1．Whichbookmaybeidentifiedunderthecallnumber“NU238C7192013”?A．AnIntroductiontoModernArt. B．TheABCofComputerscience.C．TheRecyclingofwasteoils. D．AshortHistoryofFrance.2．WhatwouldbetheCutternumberifyouarelookingforabookbyWhitneySherman?A．C78. B．S53. C．W67. D．L59.3．Wherecanyoufindthebook“RESAG243G871992”?A．0nthe2ndor4thfloorofthelibrary.B．IntheReferenceAreaonthe1stfloor.C．IntheCirculationAreaonthe1stfloor.D．AttheLearningResourcesCenteronthe2ndfloor.BALetterfromWillaCathertoPresidentTomasMasarykHonoredsir,Yourletter,senttomethroughyourLegationatWashington,confersuponmegreathonorandgivesmegreatpleasure.IamgladtohavecarriedamessagefromtheBohemian(波希米亞)neighbors,whomIgrewupwith,totheirhomecountryoftheCzechRepublic.IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.Ihavethegoodfortunetopreserverelationswithmostofmycharacters.“Antonia”andhersplendidchildrenarefleshandbloodrealities.EverytimeIgobacktothem,Ifeelhowmuchmoreinterestingandlovabletheyarethanmypictureofthem.IwishIcouldpresentthemtoyouinperson.IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(傳記的)material.Iavoidbiographers,askingthemtowaituntilIgetmyworkfurtheralong.Myfirstnovelwaspublishedin1912,andaperiodoftwelveyearsishardlylongenoughforawritertofindtheformbestsuitedforwriting.IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.Iamabletosendyouaverygoodphotographtakenrecently.Iencloseashortbiographicalaccountwhichmypublishersuseforpublicitypurposes,andsomecasualreviews.Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.Ibegyou,PresidentMasaryk,tobelieveinmygratefulappreciationofyourletter.Respectfullyyours,WillaCather4．WhoisAntonia?A．Adirectorofamovie. B．Acharacterinabook.C．Cather’srelativeinNewYork. D．Cather’sneighborfromBohemia.5．Whatdoestheauthorneedforamostsuitablewritingstyleaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Time. B．Youth. C．Publishers’advice. D．Financialsupport.6．Whatdoeswritingabiographymeantotheauthoraccordingtoparagraph4?A．Aninspirationtoherreaders. B．Arecordofherachievements.C．Awindowintoawriter’sworld. D．Anendpointinawriter’scareer.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisletter?A．TorebuildherBohemianconnection. B．Todeclinethepresident’srequest.C．Toexplainherphilosophyofwriting. D．Toappreciatethepresident’sinterest.CIfyou’venoticedyou’regettinglesswhileyourbillalmoststaysthesame,it’snotjustyou.“Shrinkflation”—reducingaproduct’ssizeorquantitywhilekeepingitspricestable—isshowingupinshopsaroundtheworld.Astheglobaleconomystruggleswithinflation(通貨膨脹),risingmaterialcostsandhigherhumancost,consumersarebearingtheincreasingproductionprices.“Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,”saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers“l(fā)esspainful”.Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.“Shoppersdon’thaveachoice.Theyhavetoadaptthemselvestothechanges,”addsStiving.Therearerareexceptions,butcompaniesgenerallytaketheopportunitytogetmoreprofits.Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.Somegrocersareusingstickerstoremindshoppersofshrinkflation,butstill,it’satoughhittothebottomline—especiallybecausethepriceofproductsgenerallydoesn’tfallasinflationdoes.Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.8．Whydoesshrinkflationmakeconsumers“l(fā)esspainful”accordingtoStiving?A．Shrinkflationreduceshumancost.B．Shrinkflationraisespurchasingpower.C．Consumersbecomemoreawareofsize.D．Consumersexperiencelittleincreaseincost.9．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theconcernsofshoppers. B．Theinterestsofcompanies.C．Theimpactofshrinkflation. D．Thephenomenonofinflation.10．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheshrinkflationinparagraph4?A．Favorable. B．Objective.C．Dismissive. D．Unclear.11．Whatshouldconsumersdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Drawabottomline. B．Putwarningstickers.C．Choosesmallerpacks. D．Makeaconsciousdecision.DWelearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?AstudyledbyMarkusPaulus,professoratLoyolaMarymountUniversity,showsthattheabilityhasitsrootsinearliestchildhood.“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings,”saysMarkusPaulus.Inthisresearch,Paulusrecordedtheinteractionbetweenmotherandchildoverseveralmonths.Thebabiescameintothelabforthefirsttimeattheageof6months,whiletheirfinalvisitwaswhentheywere18monthsold.Astheyengagedinvariousplaysituations,theinteractionsandimitationsofmotherandchildwereanalyzed.Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.Paulus’researchshowsthatmutualimitationisthekeystoneofknowledgetransfer,throughwhichchildrensuccessfullylearnvariousskills,suchashowtouseobjects,wavingandacquisitionoflanguage.“Thisinteractionisthenucleusoflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman,”saysPaulus.“Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”12．Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofwheels?A．Topraisetheinventionofcarwheels. B．Todescribetheprocessoftrialanderror.C．Toemphasizethenecessityofnewtools. D．Toshowtheimportanceofpriorknowledge.13．WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulus’research?A．Children’simitationwasrecordedbymothers.B．Sensitivemothersencouragedchildren’simitation.C．Children’sabilitywasanalyzedthroughinteraction.D．Effectiveinteractionpromotedchildren’sdevelopment.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nucleus”meaninparagraph4?A．Core. B．Result. C．Aim. D．Content.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhydoesEvolutionMatter? B．HowtoInteractwithChildren?C．Imitation:TheEngineofEvolution D．CulturalLearning:TheRootofImitation第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.16Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.Musicemergesasapromisingtoolforpromotingwell-beingoftheelderly.Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.17singinganddancingtomusicwithothersisnotonlyfunbutalsoimprovesmood.Musicalactivitiesaregreatwaystoreducestressbecausetheytakeourmindsoffproblems.Theyalsohelpusfeellesslonelyandmoreconnectedwithotherpeople.18Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.Finally,musiccontributestokeepingourthinkingskillssharp.Itmakesourbrainsworkhardinuniquewaystounderstandtherhythmandmelody.19Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveproblems.Itisanenjoyableandsocialactivity,availabletoanyoneregardlessoftheirbackgroundorpreviousmusicalexperience.20A．Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.B．Recallinghappymemoriescanliftourmoodonabadday.C．Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.D．Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.E．However,itofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.F．Theabilitytoformnewmemoriesisessentialforprocessinginformation.G．Thus,thisaccessibleinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SummerClaytonmaynothavechildreninreallife,buthe’s“aprouddad”to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet.Everyweek,hesitsdowntodinnerandhasa21chatwithhis“kids”.Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.He22themhowtoshave,andremindsthemit’sOKtobe23whenlifehurts.Tosome,hisone-wayconversationsmayseem24.Buthiseffortshavestruckachord(引起共鳴)amongpeoplewho25afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir26inthedailylife.Claytonisacivilianfitnesstrainerinreallife.Hestarted27ontheInternetinlate2020withinspirationalandhow-tovideos,and28jokinglycalledhim“dad”.Hisfirstvideotogoviralwasashavinghow-to—a29tosomeonewhosenthimamessageasking,“HeyDad,canyouteachmehowtoshave?”Thevideo30,earninghimtensofthousandsofnewfanswithinhours.Clayton’sextendedfamilycomesinall31.Manyofhis“kids”areoldenoughtobehisparents.Clayton’s32doesn’tseemtobotherhisfans.At58,SarahD’ImperiomaynotseemlikeClayton’stargetaudience,butshebelievesthatit’sa(n)33idea,especiallyforyoungsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父親的)rolemodelthatlistensorhas34tolisten.“It’sjustheartwarmingtoseesomeonetryingto35asmallpartofthatroleforanyone,”shesays.21．A．quick B．formal C．secret D．virtual22．A．trains B．convinces C．teaches D．supports23．A．painful B．peaceful C．shameful D．hopeful24．A．dull B．tough C．silly D．brief25．A．find B．need C．a(chǎn)dmit D．start26．A．decisions B．hobbies C．excuses D．troubles27．A．posting B．profiting C．searching D．donating28．A．critics B．followers C．experts D．reporters29．A．suggestion B．promise C．reward D．response30．A．caughtup B．cameout C．blewup D．heldout31．A．places B．a(chǎn)ges C．types D．classes32．A．faith B．experience C．youth D．a(chǎn)ppearance33．A．brilliant B．a(chǎn)mbitious C．complicated D．a(chǎn)bstract34．A．luck B．time C．energy D．honor35．A．value B．create C．define D．fill第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填人1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BornintoanethnicMiaofamilyinruralGuizhouProvince,ZhangwasexposedfromayoungagetotherichtraditionofMiaoembroidery(刺繡)—36culturalcraftthathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations.Shespentcountlesshoursasachild37(observe)hermotherandgrandmotherstitchingfancypatternsontofabricsbyhand.In2003,hopingtomodernizeandsharethisheritage,sheopenedherfirstclothingshopintheprovincialcapital.Adecadelater,Zhang38(establish)herownclothingbrandfocusedoncombiningtraditionalChinese-styleqipaodresseswithcolorfulcustomizedembroiderypatterns.“WehavetrainedhundredsoflocalMiaowomenintheancientneedleworktechniques,”Zhang39(proud)remarked.“Theclothinglinecelebratestheirbreathtakinghandwork,40Ihopeadvancesmyhomevillage’srevitalization.”Her41(commit)toculturalpreservationandruraldevelopmentwasrecognizedin2019,whentheChinawomen’sHandicraftInnovationandEntrepreneurshipCompetition42(hold)andZhang’sinnovativedesigncollectionwontophonors.Inaninterviewafterwards,shereflectedonbothpreservingtraditionalskillsthroughnewmedia,43expandingeconomicopportunitiesforartisans.Weattachequalimportance44culturalinheritanceandmarketexpansion,”Zhangstated.“Inthefuture,we’llcontinueinnovatingdesigns45(display)Miaoembroidery’sbeautyanddiversity.”第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46．假定你是李華，你校將舉辦“經(jīng)典文化探索展”，并通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行直播。請(qǐng)你給外國(guó)筆友Hans寫(xiě)封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他在線觀看。內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)介紹；2.觀看時(shí)間、方式；3.你的期待。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearHans,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenMaryenteredthesouthPolePenguinResearchLab,shesawherfriendTomgentlystroking(輕撫)apenguininhisarms.Aschildrenofthelabscientists,MaryandTomoftenobservedtheemperorpenguinsthatwerestudiedtounderstandhowtheyadaptedtoextremetemperatures—insightsthatcouldaidhumansurvival.“We’rethirteen,Tom.It’stimetogrowupandstopplayingwiththelabpenguins,”saidMaryasshestartedcleaning.“They’reresearchanimals,notpets.”“Butthebirdslistentome1”insistedTom,hisbreathformingacloudinthefreezingair.“You’rejusttryingtobeapenguinwhispereragain,”Maryreplied,shakingherheadwithagentlesmile.Thepenguinsseemedplayfulastheywalked,dove,swamandchasedtheirlivefishforsportbeforeeating.Suddenly,analarmrangoutandredlightsflashed,signalingaproblem.Thekidsrushedovertolookintoit.“It’scolderthanbefore—there’siceformingonthewater,”notedTom.Thoughalwayscold,Maryhadneverseeniceherebefore.Shecheckedthehabitatmonitorandfoundthatthetemperaturehadgonedownalot.“Theheatermustbebroken!”Maryquicklysentamessagetotheirparents’researchteam,whowereconductingoutdoorstudies.Withtheadultsaway,thekidswouldhavetodealwiththefreezingconditionsuntilhelparrived.TimedraggedasMaryandTomanxiouslywaited.Theincreasingcoldcausedthemtoshake.“Iwonderwhatemperorpenguinsdoinextremecold,sincetheystayinthePoleallwinterinsteadofgoingsomewherewarmer,”askedMary.“Theyhuddle(擠作一團(tuán)),”Tomanswered.“Theyhuddletogethertightlysothatthebirdsinthemiddlewillbewarmenough.”“Whatabouttheonesontheedge?”Maryasked.“Theypushtheirwaytowardsthecenter,andthenmovebackouttotheedge,andstrugglebackagain.Scientistsintheearly21stcenturyrecordedit.”Herepliedashestaredatthelargecrowdofthepenguinsinthelab.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答?！盜haveanideatostaywarm1"Tomshoutedexcitedly.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Twoandahalfhourslater,theparentsreturnedwithhelp.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)1．A2．B3．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述的是WSU圖書(shū)館使用指南的說(shuō)明文。它詳細(xì)解釋了如何利用圖書(shū)館的藏書(shū)系統(tǒng)，特別是如何通過(guò)書(shū)目的索書(shū)號(hào)和位置前綴來(lái)快速定位并獲取所需的書(shū)籍。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CallNumbers部分中的“Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.(例如：A.一般作品；B.哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)、宗教；D.世界歷史；G.地理；H.社會(huì)科學(xué)；J.政治學(xué)；K.定律；L.教育；M.音樂(lè)；N.藝術(shù)；P.語(yǔ)言文學(xué)；Q.科學(xué)。)”可知，索書(shū)號(hào)N代表了藝術(shù)類書(shū)籍，A選項(xiàng)“AnIntroductiontoModernArt.(現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)概論)”的索書(shū)號(hào)可能為“NU238C7192013”。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CallNumbers部分中的“?C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小數(shù)).(C65是卡特號(hào)，通常代表作者的姓氏。先找到C，然后找到65。這個(gè)號(hào)碼需要作為小數(shù)來(lái)讀取。)”可判斷，如果想找WhitneySherman的書(shū)，我們可以使用卡特號(hào)索引，用作者的姓氏開(kāi)頭字母S。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章表格中的Res部分中的“1stfloor,CirculationArea”可知，Res開(kāi)頭的索書(shū)號(hào)存放在圖書(shū)館一樓CirculationArea；書(shū)號(hào)為“RESAG243G871992”的書(shū)可以圖書(shū)館一樓CirculationArea找到。故選C。4．B5．A6．D7．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一封應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)作家WillaCather禮貌謝絕TomasMasaryk總統(tǒng)索要詳盡的個(gè)人傳記資料的請(qǐng)求。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.(我剛剛回到紐約，在那里我有幸?guī)е业臅?shū)MyAntonia中活生生的“安東尼婭”安妮·帕維爾卡和她的六個(gè)孩子去看了《迷失的女人》的第一場(chǎng)放映)”可知，Antonia是書(shū)中的人物。故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.(我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候并不年輕，雖然生活是寫(xiě)作的一個(gè)很好的準(zhǔn)備，但我確實(shí)需要更多的時(shí)間來(lái)掌握一種簡(jiǎn)單而謙虛的方式來(lái)展示我的作品，無(wú)論我多么清楚我想展示什么)”可知，作者表達(dá)了拒絕的遺憾，并解釋她需要時(shí)間去完善寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.(傳記通常是在作家無(wú)話可說(shuō)的時(shí)候開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)的，而我卻不覺(jué)得時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)到了)”可推知，寫(xiě)傳記對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)意味著作家生涯的終點(diǎn)。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(傳記的)material.(很遺憾，我不能滿意地滿足您對(duì)傳記資料的要求)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，這封信的目的是謝絕Masaryk總統(tǒng)索要詳盡的個(gè)人傳記資料的請(qǐng)求。為此，作者首先感謝總統(tǒng)的來(lái)信；分享與過(guò)去的人和小說(shuō)中的人物聯(lián)系的喜悅；解釋不能提供傳記材料的原因；附上一張近照和一段簡(jiǎn)短的傳記以示對(duì)該請(qǐng)求的尊重和感激。故選B。8．D9．C10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述一種經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)現(xiàn)象：縮水式通貨膨脹，及其原因和影響。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,’saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers‘lesspainful’.(Impactpricing的首席定價(jià)教育專家MarkStiving表示：‘當(dāng)尺寸減小時(shí)，消費(fèi)者更有可能注意到他們的購(gòu)買對(duì)他們錢包的影響，而不是產(chǎn)品損失的數(shù)量?！虼?，企業(yè)利用縮水式通脹讓消費(fèi)者‘不那么痛苦’)”可知，相比于商品尺寸的減少，消費(fèi)者更關(guān)注價(jià)格的波動(dòng)，因此，縮水式通貨膨脹來(lái)使消費(fèi)者成本幾乎沒(méi)有增加，從而“不那么痛苦”，故選D。9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合前兩句“Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.(然而，即使縮水式通脹伴隨著通脹而來(lái)，問(wèn)題也不會(huì)在通脹結(jié)束后才結(jié)束。一旦新尺碼上市，它們很可能會(huì)一直保持這種狀態(tài))”可知，本段主要講述縮水式通貨膨脹的后續(xù)影響，即產(chǎn)品的尺寸一旦減少，后續(xù)可能很難再變回來(lái)，故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.(對(duì)許多公司來(lái)說(shuō)，縮水式通脹似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消費(fèi)者對(duì)價(jià)格高度敏感的食品行業(yè)，提高價(jià)格可能會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者跳槽到另一個(gè)品牌。但是面對(duì)持續(xù)的通貨膨脹，公司不得不做些什么來(lái)維持他們的利潤(rùn)。把產(chǎn)品的尺寸縮小一點(diǎn)可以使他們?cè)诒３謨r(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的同時(shí)提高利潤(rùn)。但是，一旦客戶注意到這種變化，他們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得自己被愚弄了，從而導(dǎo)致信任和信心的喪失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市場(chǎng)的諸多因素，對(duì)許多公司來(lái)說(shuō)縮水式通貨膨脹是無(wú)法避免的，這可以保證其公司在市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。但消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)感覺(jué)受到了欺騙，導(dǎo)致信任和信心的喪失。因此，作者對(duì)于縮水式通貨膨脹的態(tài)度是客觀的，既指出了其帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，也指出了其對(duì)公司的好處，故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.(消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)物時(shí)可能需要理智地檢查價(jià)格和尺碼，并確保自己不會(huì)落入貨架上超大尺碼的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)物時(shí)需要明智地考慮價(jià)格和尺寸，確保自己不會(huì)陷入價(jià)格陷阱。因此，消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該做出明智的決定，故選D。12．D13．D14．A15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了模仿對(duì)于人際互動(dòng)，學(xué)習(xí)和人類文明演進(jìn)的重要性。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Welearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?(我們通過(guò)幾千年積累的知識(shí)來(lái)了解世界。站在偉人的肩膀上，我們不必經(jīng)歷無(wú)盡的嘗試和錯(cuò)誤，就像汽車的輪子不必每次都重新發(fā)明一樣。但是我們向別人學(xué)習(xí)的能力從何而來(lái)呢？)”和第二段“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings(人們通常認(rèn)為孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根據(jù)我們的觀察，孩子模仿是因?yàn)樗麄冏约罕徽疹櫿吣７隆＿@種相互作用使知識(shí)的文化轉(zhuǎn)移成為可能，通過(guò)幾代人的努力，知識(shí)的文化轉(zhuǎn)移最終導(dǎo)致了人類的發(fā)展)”可推知，作者提到輪子的例子是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)先前知識(shí)的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我們不必再重新進(jìn)行研究和試驗(yàn)。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.(這項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期研究表明，母親在與6個(gè)月大的孩子互動(dòng)時(shí)越敏感，她模仿孩子的次數(shù)越多，孩子在18個(gè)月大時(shí)的整體能力就越強(qiáng))”可知，Paulus的研究表明，媽媽越頻繁地模仿孩子，孩子的發(fā)育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互動(dòng)促進(jìn)了孩子們的發(fā)展。故選D。14．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“oflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman”可知，這種相互作用最終導(dǎo)致了人類進(jìn)化的成功，說(shuō)明是學(xué)習(xí)的核心，故劃線詞意思是“核心”。故選A。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”(“文化學(xué)習(xí)是人類進(jìn)化的重要組成部分，它植根于對(duì)他人的模仿，尤其是我們童年早期的照顧者，”保盧斯說(shuō)。“通過(guò)這種方式，我們相互學(xué)習(xí)，并將知識(shí)傳授給下一代，因此某些動(dòng)作或技術(shù)不必不斷地重新發(fā)明?！?”結(jié)合文章主要講述了模仿在人類進(jìn)化中的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)了模仿對(duì)于人類進(jìn)化的推動(dòng)作用。因此，最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“模仿：進(jìn)化的引擎”。故選C。16．E17．D18．A19．C20．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述的是音樂(lè)對(duì)于老年人身心健康的好處，音樂(lè)能夠引起強(qiáng)烈的情感和愉悅感、音樂(lè)活動(dòng)有助于減輕壓力、音樂(lè)能夠觸發(fā)記憶以及音樂(lè)有助于保持思維敏銳。16．根據(jù)空后“Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.(在一個(gè)快速老齡化的社會(huì)中，找到預(yù)防相關(guān)精神和情感障礙的方法變得至關(guān)重要。)”可知，老年人情感方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)E“However,itofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.(然而，它通常涉及一系列身體和精神上的挑戰(zhàn)。)”指出變老會(huì)在身體和心理上出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，與空前內(nèi)容“Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.(變老意味著更加成熟和智慧。)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，同時(shí)自然引出下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。17．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.(音樂(lè)有一種巨大的力量，能引起強(qiáng)烈的情感和強(qiáng)烈的快樂(lè)。)”可知，音樂(lè)能夠引起強(qiáng)烈的情感和快樂(lè)。選項(xiàng)D“Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.(這有助于人們?cè)谝钟艋蚪箲]時(shí)感覺(jué)好一些。)”中的“this”指的正是上文提到的音樂(lè)所具有的力量，而這種力量能讓人們?cè)谝钟艋蚪箲]時(shí)感覺(jué)好一些。故選D。18．空處為段首句，為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.(一首歌可能成為某一特定時(shí)刻的配樂(lè)，比如很久以前你和朋友一起參加的一個(gè)愉快的聚會(huì)。聽(tīng)那首歌會(huì)讓你想起那時(shí)候所有的快樂(lè)回憶。)”可知，本段主要講述的是音樂(lè)可以讓你想起曾經(jīng)的快樂(lè)的回憶。選項(xiàng)A“Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.(音樂(lè)也可以打開(kāi)被遺忘的記憶之門。)”指的是音樂(lè)可以讓我們想起曾經(jīng)的記憶，與本段內(nèi)容相符，適合作為主旨句，引領(lǐng)下文。故選A。19．根據(jù)下文“Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.(例如，在認(rèn)知任務(wù)中，暴露在背景音樂(lè)中，特別是古典音樂(lè)，被證明可以改善老年人的認(rèn)知過(guò)程，如處理速度和工作記憶。)”可知，下文例子想要表達(dá)的是置身于音樂(lè)之中就可以改善老年人的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)C“Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.(即使是被動(dòng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)也能幫助老年人更好地思考。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的是音樂(lè)可以提高老年人的思維能力。故選C。20．根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveprobl