2023年廣東省廣州市中考英語英語解題技巧訓(xùn)練-閱讀理解

廣州市初中英語解題技巧訓(xùn)練一一閱讀理解

一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題

（-）命題形式

1.直接理解題

4個“W”和1個“H”提問：what（事件）,when（時間）,where（地點）,why（原因）,

how（經(jīng)過）

2.語義轉(zhuǎn)化題

通過改變題干的敘述方式或者以同義表達(dá)來考查學(xué)生對文章的理解，要求學(xué)生迅速識別

原文的信息，準(zhǔn)確選出最佳答案。

（二）解題技巧

第一步：明確問題一一根據(jù)問題，確定問題關(guān)鍵

第二步：準(zhǔn)確定位一一在原文中定位關(guān)鍵詞（同義轉(zhuǎn)換、反義轉(zhuǎn)述、信息歸納）

（三）例題訓(xùn)練

（A）

InLondon,youcantravelaroundthecitybysubway,bus,taxiorprivatecar.Thesubwayruns

underthecity.Itgoestoallpartsofthecity.Travellingbysubwayisthefastestwaytogetaround

thecity.Thesecondwaytotravelaroundthecityisbybus.Itisaslowerwaytotravel.Thisis

becausetheroadtrafficisalwaysheavy.Youcanalsotravelaroundthecitybytaxi.Thisisvery

expensive,butthetaxiwilltakeyoutoeveryplaceyouwishtogoto.Ifthetrafficisheavy,thetaxi

willbeslow.Duringthemorningsandafternoons,thereisthezzrushhourz,.Thelastwaytoget

aroundLondonisusingyourowncar.Itisinconvenientifyouaredrivinginthe“rushhour”.If

thereisanaccidentontheroad,youwillhavetowaitforalongtime.

l.What）l.WhatithefastestwaytogetaroundLondon?

ATravellingBTravellingBTravellingcTraveIIingCTraveIIingbysubwayDTraveIIingby

bus

（）2.What,stheadvantageoftravellingaroundLondonbytaxi?

A.lt,sfasterthananyotherway.B.Youcangowhereveryouwanttogo.

C.lt,scheaperthananyotherway.D.Youcanvisitthecityeasily.

（B）

Inthesummerof2016zabout17millionpeoplepostedvideosofthemselvespouringice

waterovertheirheads.Whydidtheydoit?

Eachyear,about5,600peopleintheUSAgetALS（肌攻縮側(cè)索硬化癥）.Peoplewiththis

diseaseareunabletomoveatfirst.Manypeoplediewithintwotofiveyearsafterbeing

diagnose”診斷）withit.Untilnow,ALShasnocure.ButtheIceBUCket（冰桶）Challengemayhelp

leadtoone.Inthesummerof2016,itraisedmorethan$115millionfortheALSAssociationinjust

afewmonths.That,sahugeincreasefrom$2.8milliontheorganizationreceivedduringthesame

periodin2015.

（）l.ThepersonswhogetALScan,tfirstly.

AJaughB.cryC.singD.move

（）2.HowmuchdidtheIceBucketChallengeraiseinthesummerof2016?

A.Morethan$115million.B.$2.8million.

C.Morethan$110million.D.Morethan28million.

（C）

Heneededtogetupbeforesunriseeverymorningtohelphisfatheronthefarm.During

sunrisehewouldtakeabreakandclimbuponthefencealongthesideofthefarm.Hecouldseea

housewithgoldenwindows.zzIftheycouldaffordgoldenwindows,thentheremustbeothernice

thingsinsidethehouse/Heimaginedhowgreatitwouldbetolivethere.Thenhepromised

himse∣t"SomedayIwillgothereandseethiswonderfulplace.”

Onemorningzhisfatherwouldgotothetownandtoldhimtostayathomeforarest.

Knowingthatthiswashischancezhetookasandwichandheadedacrossthefieldtowardsthe

housewiththegoldenwindows.

()l.Whatdidtheboydecidetodowhenheheardhisfatherwouldgotothetown?

A.Gotothetown.B.Playonthefield.

C.Gotoseethehousewithgoldenwindows.D.Makegoldenwindows.

(D)

InChina,peoplealsousedkitesduringwartime.OneChinesestorytellshowsoldiersput

noisemakersonkitesandflewthematnightovertheenemycamp.Theenemieswerefrightened

bythenoseandranaway.

()!.AccordingtotheChinesestory,thearmyusedkitesto.

A.maketheenemiesleaveinfearB.celebratevictoriesduringwartime

C.stoptheenemiesfromsleepingwellD.carrysoldierstofightagainsttheenemies

(E)

Fromthesmellofgrasstothesightofasunrise,nothingcanreplacespendingtimeinthe

outdoors.Itmakesusrelaxed,andtherearethreespotsforyoutovisit.

Lakesandmountains

Travellingalongbeautifulhighwaysisagoodwaytorelax.Setamongtoweringmountains,the

greencolorofthelakeistheresultOfglaCial(冰川的)watersthatflowintoit.

Location:DiabloLakeintheU.S.

Theocean

Hometosomeofthemostexcitingdivingintheworld,thisislandisfamousforbottlenose

dolphins(寬吻海豚)，greatwhitesharksandhumpback(座頭鯨).

Location:NearMexico'sRevillagigedoIslands

Iceandsnow

Thisisthedeepestlakeintheworld.Itishometoseals,bears,wolvesandreindeer.Theicein

thewintercanbetwometersthick.

Location:LakeBaikal(貝力口爾湖)，inSiberia

()l.WhatwillyouseeintheoceannearMexico'sRevillagigedoIslands?

A.Wolvesandreindeer.B.Dolphinsandsharks

C.Whalesandbears.D.GIacialwatersandmountains.

(F)

ThefirstpartsoftheIntentionalSpaceStation(ISS)werelaunchedin1998,justtenyears

beforeIwasborn.IhavealwayshopedthatonedayIcouldtraveltospaceandvisitaspacestation.

Iknowthatneedslotsofhardtraining.HereisalistofthingsthatIbelieveareimportantforme

sincetheycanmakemydreamcometrue.

?Ineedtopracticelivingwithoutgravity.Long-termWeightIeSSness(失重)canmakepeoplefeel

sick.

?Ineedtolearnhowtomovearoundwearingaspacesuit.Spacesuitsarenotatalllikethe

clothesweweardaily.Theyareveryheavy.

?Ineedtolearnaboutteamworkspirit.Justimaginelivinginthedesert-lifeinspaceisfullof

challengesandneedsteamwork.

02/10

?Ialsoneedtoexercisealottohavestrongmuscles.

()l.Whatisthewriter'sdream?

A.Topracticelivingwithoutgravity.

B.Toexercisealottohavestrongmuscles.

C.7blearnhowtomovearoundwearingaspacesuit.

D.7btakeajourneytospaceandvisitaspacestation.

二、排列順序題

(-)命題形式

排列順序題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題中的一種題目，主要在記敘文中考查。該題型主要考查對事件

發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系的理解。題目中通常給出從原文中抽取出來的5個具體事實，要求按照事件

發(fā)生的先后順序排列起來。

(二)解題技巧

1.原文標(biāo)記法：把a,b,c,d,e選項在文章中標(biāo)出來，按照文章所呈現(xiàn)的順序得出正確答

案。注意選項與原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，以及原文中有無特殊的時間標(biāo)志詞。

2.首尾定位法：找出最早和最晚的時間點或事件，使用排除法迅速縮小范圍，從而快速選出

正確選項。

(三)例題訓(xùn)練

(A)

BornintoawealthyJiangyinfamily,Xubecameinterestedinbooksaboutdifferentplacesat

anearlyageandwantedtotravel.Whenhewas18,however,Xu,sfatherdiedandso,itseemed,

didhistravellingdreams.

Henowwasresponsibleforthefamilyfarmandtakingcareofhis60-year-oldmotheras

traditionrequired.

Soattheageoftwentyandwithhismother'ssupport,Xusetoffforthefirsttime,leaving

behindnotonlyhismotherbuthisnewwifeaswell.

SadlyXubecameseriouslyillduringhislastandlongestjourney,a4-yeartripthroughthe

southwestofChina.Hediedin1641,soonafterreturningtohishometownforthelasttime.When

hisdiarywasfinallyprintedyearsafterhisdeath,muchofithadbeendestroyedorlost.Although

incomplete,itstillmadeXuatravellinglegendaroundtheworld.

()l.WhatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingeventsfromXu,slife?

a.Hewentonhisfirstjourney.

b.Hisbookwasfinallyprinted.

c.Hereturnedtohishometownforthelasttime.

d.Hedevelopedaninterestinbooksaboutotherplaces.

e.Hestartedmanagingthefamilyfarmafterhisfatherdied.

A.a-e-d-c-bB.d-e-a-c-bC.d-e-a-b-cD.e-d-a-b-c

(B)

Thekidsdidn'tknowwhattodo.AmyrantoRoyandsawoneofhislegsoutofshape.A

brokenleg!Sherememberedwhatthefirst-aidbooksaidaboutit.

“Victor!”Amycalledtooneoftheboys.Z/GogetRoy,smama,andfindsomeonewithatruck.”

Sheturnedtotheothers."Givemeyourshirts.Weneedsomethingtotiehislegwith/

Amythenfoundastrong,straightstick.ShecarefullywrappedtheshirtsaroundRoy,slegand

thestick.RoycriedoutinPain."Iknowithurts/Amysaidsoftly.zzButthiswillholditstilluntilyou

gettothehospital/

WhenAmywasdone,shelookedupandsawRoy,smamaandamanwatchingbesideatruck,

“Thankyou,Amy/Roy,smamasaid.AmyhelpedthemliftRoyintothetruck,thentheydrove

downthehillsidetowardsthehospital.

（）l.WhatisthecorrectorderofAmy,sfirst-aidactions?

a.Shefoundaproperstick.b.ShehelpedliftRoyintothetruck.

c.Sheaskedtheboysforsomeshirts.d.Shetiedtheshirtsaroundthebrokenleg.

e.ShesentsomeonetogetRoy,smumandatruck.

A.c-e-a-b-dB.a-c-e-d-bC.e-c-a-d-bD.e-c-a-b-d

（C）

GuFangzhou,knownas“thefatherofsugarPiIiS（糖丸）〃，passedawayatage92on2January,

2019.Eightmonthslater,hereceivedanationalhonorarytitle“thePeople'sSCientist"forhis

PoliO（小兒麻痹癥）research.

GuFangzhouwasborninJune,1926.WhenGuwasfour;hisfamilyfacedadifficulttimewith

thesuddendeathofhisfather.HestudiedhardandfinallyenteredPekingUniversityasamedical

studentin1944.Aftergraduation,Gumadethedecisiontoworktohelpimprovepublichealth.

In1955,poliobrokeoutinNantong,JiangsuProvince.ItParalyZed（使癱瘓）1,680people,

mostlychildrenagedbelowseven.Itspreadtoneighbouringareasandresultedin466deaths.Two

yearslater,Guwasaskedtoleadpolioresearch,z7?tthattimetheonlywaytopreventpoliowasto

inventaVaCCine（疫苗）,〃saidGu.

In1959Gusucceededindevelopingthefirstpoliolivevaccine.Later,hedevelopedthe

zzsugar-coatedpilΓvaccineintheearly1960s.Inordertotestthevaccine,Guhimselftriedthe

vaccineandlaterhis1-month-oldsonwasvaccinated,'zlfwedon'tbelieveinwhatweproduce,

howcanothersbelieveinit?"saidGu.

Gradually,thesugar-coatedpoliovaccinewasmadeavailableinChina.Itsavedmillionsof

people,especiallykids,frombeingdisabled.In2000,theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）

announcedthatChinawasalreadyapolio-freecountry.

（）l.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?

a.GuFangzhoustudiedmedicineatuniversity.

b.GuFangzhouvaccinatedhimselfandhisson.

c.GuFangzhoubecame"thePeople'sScientist".

d.GuFangzhouwasrequestedtoleadpolioresearch.

e.GuFangzhoudevelopedthefirstpoliolivevaccine.

A.a-e-d-b-cB.d-a-e-b-cC.c-a-d-e-bD.a-d-e-b-c

三、推理判斷題

（一）命題形式

根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。推斷不是憑空猜測，是在已知信息

的基礎(chǔ)上對未知的內(nèi)容作出陳述。此類題的題干中不會出現(xiàn)與原文完全相同的內(nèi)容，常常伴

隨may,infer,can,suggest,guess等詞匯。常見的設(shè)問有：

?Inwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?

?Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

?Whichsentencebestdescribes...?

?HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph...?

?Why...?

1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

以文章某處的信息或細(xì)節(jié)作依據(jù)，推斷出未知細(xì)節(jié)。

04/10

2.歸納推理

通過文章整體邏輯或信息，推斷文章的深層意思和作者的態(tài)度、意圖、觀點、情感等。

(二)解題技巧

第一步：定位一一定位段落，目標(biāo)閱讀

第二步：詳讀一一了解大意，深層把握

第三步：推理一一立足語篇，據(jù)實推理

(三)例題訓(xùn)練

(A)

""WearingHeelyS(暴走鞋)isfunandcool!,zsaidWuPeng,aboywhoworethemonhisfirst

daybackatNo.6MiddleSchoolinBeijing.WuPengsaidhelovedtheshoessomuchthathewore

themtogohereandthereandsometimesheevenfollowedhisparents/cartothesupermarketin

hisHeelys!Otherstudentsalsothinktheyareverycool,butsomearen'tsoluckywiththeirHeelys.

It,ssaidthatsomechildrenfelldownandgothurtwhilewearingtheseShoeS."Heelys"wheelsare

,

intheheelsoftheshoes,soitseasytofall/saidLiuRuizadoctorattheHongKongInternational

MedicalClinic,Beijing.What,sworse,Liusaid,zzWearingHeelysforalongtimecouldstopyoung

people'slegsfromdeveloping/

()l.WhatdoesthedoctorthinkofHeelys?

A.Theyaretooexpensive.B.Theyaretoofasttogo.

C.Theymaybebadforkids,health.D.Theyaregoodfortraining.

(B)

Bobwasabanker.HewasarichAmerican.Everynight,helikedtogotoapubforadrink

beforegoinghome.Therewasagrocerystore,aclockshopandapetshopnearthepub.The

ownersknewBob.

Onenight,whenBobwasgoinghome,hewassuddenlyshotinthestomach.Ithappenedin

frontofthepetshop.Theownerofthegrocerystorecalledanambulance.Atthesametime,the

petshopandtheclockshopwerestillopen.Dinoaskedtheownersofthethreeshopstotelltheir

storiesandtriedtofindoutwhoshotBob.Theonewhotoldlieswastheshooter.

Mrs.Smith,thepetshop'sowner:l,m65yearsold.Ididn'thearverywell.ButIsawBobfall

downinfrontofmyshop.Iwaswalkingadogatthattime.Ididn'tseetheshooter.

Alex,thegrocerystore'sowner:Ididseetheshooter.HecameupfrombehindBobandshot

him.SoIcalledthepolice.Thenanambulancecamerightaway.

Frank,theclockshop'sowner:Iwasrepairinganoldclock.Iheardashotsuddenly.ThenIran

outofmyshopandsawBob.Hewaslyingontheground.Ididn'tknowwhoshothim.

()l.What,sDino,sjobaccordingtothepassage?

A.Abanker.B.Afarmer.C.Adetective.D.Adoctor.

(C)

Sohowcanyoumakethingseasieronyourself?It,seasierthanyouthink.Justmakesureyour

parentsknowwhatyou,redoing.Getthemtoknowyourfriends.Phonethemifyoustay

somewhereelsesothatyourparentswon'tworrywhereyouare.Saysorrytothemwhenyou

makemistakes.Takeresponsibilityforwhatyouhavedone.Talkaboutyourideaswiththem.They

maytalkabouttheirswithyou.

()l.Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowsthewriter'sopinion?

A.It,swrongofparentstoworryabouttheirchildrentoomuch.

B.Someparentsareunfriendly,whichmakestheirchildrenangry.

C.Childrenshoulddoeverythingastheirparentssay.

D.Parentslovetheirchildrenverymuchandthechildrenshouldunderstandthem.

(D)

ManypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon't

knowisthatjunk(垃圾)hasbecomeaprobleminouterspacetoo.

AccordingtoBBCNews,therearemorethan22,000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundthe

earth.

()l.lnwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?

A.Environment.B.LocaINews.C.Educations.D.Fashion.

(E)

DrRossGillanders,aresearcherattheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,UK,hasbeen

trainingbeestodothejobofdogs.Byusingsugarwater,theresearchershavebeenteachingbees

tofindexplosive(爆炸品)asiftheywerelookingforthefoodinaflower.

“Atthemoment,theycandiscoverIandmines(MW)fromaboutIOOmdistances.Butthat

shouldbecomekilometresoncetheyareproperlytrained/DrGillanderssaid.Intests,assoonas

thebeesaresetfree,theycometorestalmostatonceontheplacewherealandmineis.

TherehasbeensimilartestingofbeeslookingforexplosivesintheUSA.Beescanalsobe

trainedtosearchforradioactiveSUbStanCeS(放射性物質(zhì)).

ScientistsusedbeestomapanareaaroundtheChernobylNuclearPowerPlantinthe

UkrainianSSR,wheretheworstnuclearaccidentinhistoryhappenedin1986andpollutedthearea

withradioactivesubstances,whichareverydangerousforpeopleandanimals.Thebeesaresent

tothepollutedareaandthescientistscantestthepollutionlevelsinthePe)Ilen(花粉)theyreturn

with.

()l.lnwhichpartofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthispassage?

A.PeopleB.ScienceC.SocietyD.Education

(F)

Nooneknowswhoflewthefirstkite.ItwasprobablysomeoneinChinaorperhapsIndonesia.

Indonesianfishermenhungfishhooksonkitesandsentthemouttoseatocatchfish.Starting

2,000yearsago,ChinesefarmersflewkitestowelcometheNewYearandbringgoodlucktoEarth.

InChina,peoplealsousedkitesduringwartime.

Overtheyears,kiteshavealsohelpedpeopleunderstandthenaturalworld....

Kitesalsohelpedinventorsfindouthowtomakeairplanes.

()l.What,sthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toshowpeoplehowtoflykites.

B.Toexplainhowkitesareusedinscience.

C.Ibintroducetherolesofkitesinhistory.

D.Tbdiscussthedifferenceamongkitesworldwide.

(G)

Overtheyears,kiteshavealsohelpedpeopleunderstandthenaturalworld.In1749,for

example,thermometersweretiedtokitestomeasuretemperatures.In1906,camerashanging

fromkitestookpicturesofSanFrancisco,Californiaafteranearthquake.Thephotoshelpedpeople

planwhattodo.

()l.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph5?

A.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bycomparingfacts.D.Bygivingexample

四、詞義猜測題

06/10

形式

命題

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