2023年上海市閔行區(qū)高三下學(xué)期高考二模英語試卷含答案

2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三年級質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試

英語試卷

考生注意：

1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。

2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙

上，做在試卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙規(guī)定的地方張貼條形碼并填寫考生號和姓名。

?.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendof

eachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefour

possibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.

1.A.Shepreferstostayhome.B.Sheacceptstheman,sadvice.

C.Shewantstodosomethingelse.D.Shedoesn,tlikealongwalk.

2.A.Heneedsashowerurgently.B.Hedoesn,tneedanything.

C.Hewantstodrinksomething.D.Heisn,tsweatingatthemoment.

3.A.Shepreferstoeatout.B.Sheisnothungryatall.

C.Shehasalottodointhekitchen.D.Shewantstomaketheirownfood.

4.A.Skatingistoohardtolearn.B.Thewomanshouldquitskating.

C.Skatingisn,ttoohardforhim.D.Thewomanshouldkeeptrying.

5.A.Giveupthegame.B.Makeanewplan.

C.Havetoughtraining.D.Avoidtheopponent.

6.A.Hcdoesn,tliketherole.B.Helacksconfidence.

C.Heneedstoknowtherolewell.D.Heshouldremembereveryword.

7.A.Thefoodtastesdifferently.B.Themanshouldseeadifferentview.

C.Thefoodisworththeprice.D.Thepricesonthemenuareridiculous.

8.A.Apastoverseasexperience.B.Acomputergame.

C.Acomingvacationplan.D.Animaginarysituation.

9.A.Practicethepresentation.B.Simplifythepresentation.

C.Leaveoutthemiddlepart.D.Askformoretimeforthepresentation.

10.A.Hewillleavethebikeoutside.B.Thebikeneedstoberepaired.

C.Hedoesn,tneedthebikeanymore.D.Thebikeisingoodcondition.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwill

beaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandthe

conversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

Questions??through13arebasedonthefollowingspeech.

11.A.StudentsofWestSideSchool.B.TheWestSideSchoolartteacher.

C.AuthorityofWestSideSchool.D.TheCalifomiangovernment.

12.A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

13.A.Theunexpectedcharmofart.B.Aprojectbeneficialtostudents.

C.Gratitudefromthehotlinecallers.D.Messagesfromkidsmakedifferences.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.

14.A.Birds,physicalcharacteristics.B.Themigratingpatternsofbirds.

C.Thesizeofbirdpopulation.D.Thebehaviorofmigratingbirds.

15.A.Theybecometiredoftheirpartners.B.Theycan,treachhomeatthesametime.

C.Theyarelikelytofindnewmates.D.Theyhaveconflictsduringtheflight.

16.A.Theyareabletokeeppacewiththeirpartners.

B.Theymigrateshorterdistancesthanotherbirds.

C.Theydonothavetomigrateforfood.

D.Theyhavelittlechancetomeetnewmates.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Thethemeistoohardtounderstand.B.Thesoundistoofrightening.

C.Theopeningimagesaretooviolent.D.Thelanguageisunacceptable.

18.A.Thedialect.B.Theconversation.

C.Thebackground.D.Theplot.

19.A.Itmakesthebookunusual.B.Itmakesthecharactersvivid.

C.Itmakesthedialogueshumorous.D.?tmakesthebookeasytoread.

20.A.Thefilmisofficiallyprohibitedtochildrenbecauseofviolenceinit.

B.Thewomanfindsthatthefilmismoreinterestingthanthebook.

C.Themanbelievesthefilmisfairlypricedandrecommendsseeingit.

D.Themanhasnegativecommentsbothonthebookandthefilm.

II,GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthe

givenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationforover20years.Theirmealsare

packaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreats(21)resupplymissions.The

longerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themore(22)maylosenutrients.

Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhad

thechance(23)(taste)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyfor

astronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers(24)(raise)in

space.

PlantHabitat-04wasoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratory(25)

pepperstookmuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplantsthere.Aftergrowing

forfourmonths,thepeppers(26)(harvest)onFriday.Whenthevegetableswerereadytoeat,

theastronautsalsocompletedasensoryassessment.Theyratedtheflavor,color,appearance,andtaste

oftheproducetosee(27)thelaborovertheirgreensprovedfruitfulasasupplementto

prepackagedspacefood.

Freshgreens,likepeppers,provideagreatsourceofkeynutrients,whichareessentialtohuman

bodies.Freshgreensalsohavepsychologicalbenefits.Theycanhelptokeepmorale(士氣)and

provideasenseofnoπnalcy(正常)onmissions(28)alltheconditionsaredistinctively

differentfromtheearth.Freshgreensmakealong-durationmission(29)(bearable)by

providingatasteofhome.

Lookingtothefuture,theplantexperimentshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactthe

sustainabilityofspaceexploration.They(30),oneday,provideafoodsourceforlong-term

habitationofMarsandotherplanets.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.contentB.overextendC.developD.innovateE.pursued

F.topG.surfaceH.addictionI.emergeJ.cloud

K.licensed

OnTikTOk,"Self-care”has28.2billionviews,whilethehashtag(主題標簽)canbefoundon

over66millionInstagramposts.Also,booksaboutself-careoften31manypeople'sshoppinglists.

Onthe32,itmakescompletesense.Whowouldn,tliketheideaofmakingoneselffeelbetter

andtakingcareoftheirmind,bodyandsoul?Yet,Wehavetobecarefulnottoviewself-careasa

cure-allsolutiontoourproblems.Self-care33withoutawarenessofyourspecificneedsand

consistent(——致的)evaluationcancauseemotional,financial,mentalandphysicalconsequences.

AccordingtoZishanKhan,apsychologistwithMindpathHealth,self-carecanleadtoaperson

becomingfrustratedwhenmetwithaseaofsuggestions,which34everywherefrompodcaststo

self-helpbooks.?fcSo,don,tallowwhatotherssuggestto35yourinternalvoice,,,saysKhan."Sei任

carecanonlybenefitapersonifit,sconsistentwiththeirgoalsandvalues.”

Khanfurtheremphasizesthedangerofuncontrolledphysically-centeredself-careadvice,suchas

frominfluencers.??Their36oftenoverlyfocusesonbeautyandimprovingone,slooks.Thiscan

unintentionallyleadtobodyimageconcernandthusactuallyworsenone,smentalhealth,,,shesays.

Anotherdangercancomewhenself-careactionsreachthelevelof37.saysMelissaBoudin,a

psychologistofChoosingTherapy.??Whenyouspendalargeamountoftimethinkingaboutor

practicingacertainself-carebehavior,thismaybethatself-carehasgonefrombeneficialtoharmful,,,

shesays,usingtheexampleofself-carethroughhealthyeatingandthengoingsofarasto38an

eatingdisorder.

LenaSuarez-Angelino,a(n)39clinicalsocialworker,hasrecommendedcreatingalistof

activitiesthatmakeyoufeelbetterbutdon,t40you.Worthwhileandbeneficialself-caremay

includeanythingfromtimewithlovedonestowalking.Whileself-careisimportant,itshouldnotbe

overdone.

HI.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Whatwillyoudowhenyouarehungry?Ofcourse,anyonewouldgoandgrabsomethingtoeat.

Andthen,whatdeterminesthe41offoodyoutakein?Youmaynotberightifyouransweristhe

degreeofhunger.Theconventionalconceptthat42isthekeyfactorisopentochallenge.Inrecent

years,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintake(攝入)areinfluenced

byalargenumberoffactorsbesidesour43needforenergy.Someofthefactorsincludeoureating

44andourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.

Studieshaveshownthat45eating,forinstance,eatingwhilewatchingTV,orasimilar

distraction,canincreasebothhungerandfoodconsumption.Evensimple46clues,likeplatesize

andlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectconsumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-term47alsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhours

afterameal,people,shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey,deatenbutratherbyhow

muchfoodthey,dseeninfrontofthem—48,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdifferencesuggeststhattherecallofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonour

49thantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimental

psychologyattheUniversityofBristol.

Thesefindingsagreewiththeearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimes

50ourbody,sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame

38()-caloriemilkshakeontwo51occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhonnones

(荷爾蒙)，dependingonwhethertheshake,s52saiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,

theparticipantsreportedfeeling53whentheythoughtthey,dconsumedahigher-caloriesshake.

Whatdoesthismeantooureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltocheatourselves

intoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenifitoffocusingonourfood,avoidingTVand

multitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightagainst54whileWe

areeating.By55mindfuleatingtechniques,youhavetheopportunitytochangeyourcurrent

eatinghabitsbybecomingmoreself-awareandintunetoyourbody,shungercues.

41.A.qualityB.amountC.nutrientD.variety

42.A.deliciousnessB.hungerC.nutritionD.flavor

43.A.occasionalB.potentialC.externalD.biological

44.A.environmentB.contentC.timeD.ability

45.A.habitualB.purposefulC.unfocusedD.absorbed

46.A.optionalB.visualC.hiddenD.flexible

47.A.vacancyB.hungerC.supplyD.memory

48.A.inotherwordsB.asawholeC.byallmeansD.allinall

49.A.motiveB.growthC.appetiteD.health

50.A.advocateB.trickC.justifyD.enhance

51.A.identicalB.alternativeC.dependentD.separate

52.A.labelB.functionC.usageD.material

53.A.wiserB.healthierC.happierD.fuller

54.A.distressB.wasteC.distractionD.fullness

55.A.employingB.perceivingC.clarifyingD.assuming

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfallowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

(A)

When1stepoutontothedeck,IdefinitelyfeeltheArcticchill.That,snotsurprising.I,magood

hundredmilesinsidetheArcticCircle;infact,youcan,tgetmuchfarthernorthandstillbeinSweden.

ThisisAbiskoMountainStation,perhapsthecrownjeweloftheSwedishmountainlodges(小屋).

I,mbackforasecondtimetothisremote,scenicspot.

LastAutumn,aheavysnowstormtrappedmeinmytentfordaysandeventuallyforcedmetogo

tothestation,acomfortableplace.IdiscoveredadifferentsidetoAbisko.Peoplecomehereformany

reasons-sometohike,sometoclimb,sometocross-countryski.Butthere,syetanotherentirely

differentattractionhere.Lookingoutfromthedeckofthetrainstation,aboveahugelake,inthe

upperskyoftheNorthPole,theAurora,asweoftenrefertothenorthernlight,mixedwithgreenand

red,wasgivingoffghostlylight,rollingacrossthedarknightsky.

TheAuroramaybeOldhattothosewholivethisfarnorth,butfortherestofusitisan

unforgettableexperience.ThelightshereweresoappealingtousWequicklyforgotthediscomfortof

thecold.

OneoftheattractionsinAbiskoistheTometrask.It,sahugelake,whichextendsmorethan70

kilometreslongjustnorthofthestation,createsanunusualweatherphenomenonthatkeepstheskies

abovethestationclearevenwhenfogorcloudsblanketmostofnorthernSweden.Theskyinthisarea

ismostlyclearallyeararound.

AbiskohasalottooffertomakeitanidealplacetoviewtheAurora.Itisfarfromanycity

lights.ThestationoperatesaskilifttothetopofNuoljaPeak,morethan3,000feethigh.Forthefirst

timethisyear,acafeatthetopofthemountainhasbeenturnedintoaviewingplatformforthe

NorthernLights,calledtheAuroraSkyStation.Also,thestationpostsforecastseachnightof

expectedAuroraactivity,collectedfromscientificobservationsarrivingviacomputer,sovisitorsmay

choosethebestviewingtime.

56.Whatwasthereasonfortheauthor9sfirstvisittothelodge?

A.HewentthereinsearchoftheAurora.B.Heneededequipmenttokeephimwarm.

C.Hewasforcedtherebytheweather.D.Hehadtomakehisfoodsupplythere.

57.Thephrase"oldhaCin3rdparagraphprobablymean"

A.severeandstrugglingB.familiarandunexciting

C.strangeandshockingD.mysteriousandadventurous

58.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorthatmakesAbiskoan

idealplacetoviewtheAurora?

A.Thereisamountainviewingplatform.B.Weatherforecastsareavailable.

C.Therearenocitylightsnearby.D.Thereisacafeshopthere.

59.Theauthor,soverallopinionofAbiskoisthat.

A.despitethesevereweather,it,sanimpressiveplace

B.peoplehaveoverestimateditspopularity

C.it,snotaspopularasitdeservestobe

D.thecoldweatherworsenstheAuroraviewingexperiencethere

(B)

(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)

Fourtypesoflearners

TypeALearner

Peopleinthisgroupadaptobservationsintocomplexbutlogicaltheories.Theythink

problemsthroughinalogicalway.Theytendtobeperfectionistswhowon,tresteasyuntil

everythingisreasonable.Theyliketoanalyzeandarekeenonbasicprinciplesandtheories.

Theypaygreatattentiontologic,soquestionstheyfrequentlyaskare:“________________________”,

andiiHowdoesthisgowiththatT?Theytendtobeobjective,approachingproblemsina

consistentlylogicalmanner.Thisistheir??mcntalsef,andtheyrejectanythingthatconflictswith

it.Theyprefertomaximizecertaintyandfeeluncomfortablewithsubjectivejudgements.

TypeBLearner

Thesepeoplearekeenontryingoutideas,theoriesandtechniquestoseeiftheyworkin

practice.Theypositivelysearchoutnewideasandtakethefirstopportunitytoexperimentwith

applications.Theywanttotryoutthenewideasinthecoursesinpractice.Theyalsotendtobe

impatientwithrandomdiscussions,andtheirattentionsoonbeginstowanderiftheyfeeltheyare

goingroundincircles.Theyarepractical,downtoearthandlikemakingpracticaldecisionsand

solvingproblems.Theyseeproblemsandopportunitiesasachallenge,andtheirphilosophyis:

??Thereisalwaysabetterway"and?4lfitworks,it,sgood,,?

TypeCLearner

Peopleinthisgroupinvolvethemselvesfullyinnewexperiences.Theyareopen-minded,

andthistendstomakethementhusiasticaboutanythingnew.Theirphilosophyis:'TΠtry

anythingonce,?sotheytendtoactfirstandconsidertheconsequencesafterwards.Theirdaysare

filledwithactivities.Assoonastheexcitementfromoneactivityhasdieddowntheyarebusy

lookingforthenext,astheyareonlyinterestedingainingnewexperiencesbutareboredwith

carryingouttheirplansandtheylackperseverance.Theyconstantlyinvolvethemselveswith

othersbut,indoingso,theyseektocenterallactivitiesaroundthemselves.

TypeDLearner

Theycollectdata,bothfirst-handandfromothers,andprefertothinkaboutitthoroughly

beforecomingtoaconclusion.Thethoroughcollectionandanalysisofdataaboutexperiences

andeventsiswhatcountssotheytendtopostponemakingdefinitivejudgmentsforaslongas

possible.Theirphilosophyistobecautious.Theyliketoconsiderallpossibleanglesbefore

makingamove,andwillbereluctanttobecomeinvolvedinactivitiesthatothersputforward

withouthavingcarefullyconsideredthelikelyoutcome.

60.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintotheblankinthefirstparagraph?

A.Doweneedmoreexperiments?B.Doyouunderstandme?

C.Doyoubelievethetheory?D.Doesitmakesense?

6!.SupposeJohnisapersonwithfreshideasandwillingtocheckeverythingouttoseewhathappens.

WhichtypeoflearnerisJohn?

A.TypeALeamerB.TypeBLearnerC.TypeCLeamerD.TypeDLeamer

62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutTypeDlearner?

A.Theyarekeenonmakingimmediateconclusion.

B.Theirconclusioncomesafterdataanalysis.

C.Theyoutlineapossibleoutcomebeforetakinganactivity.

D.Theyprefernottogiveouttheirviewpointsrandomly.

（C）

Inrecentyears,alotof44busincssthinking^^bookshavebeenpublished,allofwhichsearchfor

newanswersonhowtorunorganizationseffectively.Obliquitytellsusthatthemostprofitable

companiesarenotthemostaggressiveinchasingprofits.Wikinomicsdemonstratesnewmodelsof

productionbasedoncommunityandcollaboration.PeterMiller,snewbook,SmartSwarm,however,

challengeleaderstothinkdifferently.Hestudiedcreatures,likebeesandantsandhefoundtheir

habits,actionsandinstinctscanbeappliedtobusiness.Millerbelieveshisbookisthefirsttime

anyonehasexplainedthesciencebehindmanagementtheory.tfcTheexamplesofhowantcolonies（蟻

群）orbeehives（蜂窩）workareappealingmodelsfororganizationsandsystemsthatcanbeappliedin

abusinesscontext/'hesays.

Sohowexactlycanbeeshelprunorganizations?”Bythewaytheyworkindependentlybefore

theyworktogether,,,Millersays.uPictureahugebeehivehangingonatree,withabout5,000bees

competingforspace.Theyknowtheirpopulationisgettingtoobig,leavingthemunsafe.Theymust

allagreetofindanewhome,?ntoday,sbusinessenvironment,managersneedtobeabletomakethe

rightdecisionsunderintensepressure.Yet,itisclearthatsomeofthebest-paidleadersinsomeofthe

biggestorganizationscangetitdramaticallywrong.Howisitthattheycanfailtomakeefficient

businessdecisionswhenalargegroupofbeescanmakeacriticaldecisionabouttheirhiveinjusta

fewseconds?^^

AccordingtoMiller,?4swarmtheory”canhelpmanagersinthreesimplesteps:discover,testand

evaluate.Thebeesfirstrealizetheyhaveaproblem.Theythenflyintotheneighborhoodtofind

potentialnewsites.Theycomebackandperforma“dance“togetotherbeestofollowthem.

Eventually,thebeeswiththebestdanceattractthemostvotes-andadecisionismade.Millersays.

“Thebeeexampletellsyouthatyouneedtoseekoutdiversityinyourteam.Youneedtohaveaway

ofgatheringupquitedifferentideassoyoucanmakesureyoupicktherightone.^^

Ants,inaddition,canhelpbusinessesorganizeworkflowandpeople.Inanantcolony,thereisno

leader.Antsareself-organized,andrespondtotheirenvironmentandeachother.Oneantonitsown

couldnotraid（襲擊）akitchencupboard,butoneanttellingthenextonethatit,sworthfollowinghim

tofindfoodendsupcreatingafoodchain.??Inanantcolony,yougettherightnumbergoinginand

outsearchingforfood,yougettherightnumbertakingcareofthebabies,,,Millersays."Asamanager,

thiscantellyouthatyour位emw/?，（等級制度）isgettinginthewayofgettingtheworkdone.^^

63.Millerbelieveshisbookdiffersfromother"businessthinking^^booksbecause.

A.itfocusesonmaximizingprofitsB.itsupportsthetheorywithevidence

C.itcorrectsfaultsinsimilarbooksD.itjustifiestheprevioustheory

64.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorindicatesthatthebehaviorofbeescanshowmanagers

howto.

A.makeupforwronglymadedecisionsBJustifyexactlywhattherealproblemis

C.drawthecorrectconclusionsquicklyD.keeptheteamsafeundergreatpressure

65.Accordingtothe“swarmtheory,?managersneedto.

A.regarddecision-makingasacooperativeprocess

B.persuadeotherstofollowyourwaysofthinking

C.acceptdifferentideasandkeepthembalanced

D.pickoutarightpersontomakethefinaldecision

66.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Leadershipskillscanbedevelopedthroughpracticalwork.

B.Employeesworkmoreefficientlywhenorganizedbyleaders.

C.Strengthenedhierarchyistheguaranteeofworkefficiency.

D.Employeesshouldbeallowedtomaketheirowndecisions.

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.

B.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheteenagebrainbecomesanadultbrain.

C.However,neurosciencefindingsprovetobehelpfulinmakinganewboundary.

D.Childgrowthpattensdifferandhowculturesunderstandchildgrowthissodifferent.

E.SomepeoplethinkthisknowledgecanhelpusrethinkwhereWedrawlegalboundaries

betweenkidsandadults.

F.Thisdiscoverymaywellindicatethatneurosciencecanhelpusbetterunderstandthe

interrelationshipamongdifferentages.

Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfarlaterthan

previouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyin

theregionsofdecisionmaking,reasoning,comparingriskandreward,etc.Indeed,somebrain

regionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.67

Maybe.Butit,snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.

1.Differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.68Thepartofthe

brainthathandleslogicalthinkingisusuallyfullydevelopedby16,butthoseinvolvedinself-

disciplinearestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thismeanstheymaynothavethesamelevelof

emotionalcontrol,whichcanmakethemlessresponsiblefortheiractions.

2.69Ifitdid,wcwouldn'thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebefore

theycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It,sa

pitythatneurosciencewon,thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.

70Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right“ageofmaturation.TheDutch,for

example,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifI

firmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoneuroscienceseriouslyandit,sagoodideatolowerthe

drinkingageandraisethedrivingage,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.

IV.SummaryWriting（71）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Withtheriseofurbanism（城市化），andtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contact

withnatureismuchrarerthaninthepast.Formany,thereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.

Today,manyparentsmaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.

Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayarealreadywellestablished.Ourbrains

evolvedinnaturallandscapes.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation,

whichisthoughttohelprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandeasilyunfocused.Supportingthis

theory,onestudyfrom2009foundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder（ADHD）

（注意力缺陷多動癥）werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark,

comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.Beingclosetograssandtrees

seemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Theauthorsrecommendedusingsucht4dosesof

nature”asasafeandaccessiblewayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.

Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,theactofshapingand

stretchingmaterialslikemudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement

interact,knownassensorimotordevelopment,accordingtothescientistsattheUniversity

ofPalermo,Italy.Thisallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorher