牛結(jié)核病防治技術(shù)規(guī)范樣本

六、牛結(jié)核病防治技術(shù)規(guī)范牛結(jié)核?。˙ovineTuberculosis）是由牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌（Mycobacteriumbovis）引起一種人獸共患慢性傳染病，國內(nèi)將其列為二類動物疫病。為了防止、控制和凈化牛結(jié)核病，依照《中華人民共和國動物防疫法》及關(guān)于法律法規(guī)，特制定本規(guī)范。1合用范疇本規(guī)范規(guī)定了牛結(jié)核病診斷、疫情報告、疫情解決、防治辦法、控制和凈化原則。本規(guī)范合用于中華人民共和國境內(nèi)從事飼養(yǎng)、生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營牛及其產(chǎn)品，以及從事有關(guān)動物防疫活動單位和個人。2診斷2.1流行特點本病奶牛最易感，另一方面為水牛、黃牛、牦牛。人也可被感染。結(jié)核病病牛是本病重要傳染源。牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌隨鼻汁、痰液、糞便和乳汁等排出體外，健康?？赏ㄟ^被污染空氣、飼料、飲水等經(jīng)呼吸道、消化道等途徑感染。2.2臨床特性：潛伏期普通為3～6周，有可長達數(shù)月或數(shù)年。臨床普通呈慢性通過，以肺結(jié)核、乳房結(jié)核和腸結(jié)核最為常用。肺結(jié)核：以長期頑固性干咳為特性，且以清晨最為明顯?；夹笕菀灼?，逐漸消瘦，病情嚴重者可見呼吸困難。乳房結(jié)核：普通先是乳房淋巴結(jié)腫大，繼而后方乳腺區(qū)發(fā)生局限性或彌漫性硬結(jié)，硬結(jié)無熱無痛，表面凹凸不平。泌乳量下降，乳汁變稀，嚴重時乳腺萎縮，泌乳停止。腸結(jié)核：消瘦,持續(xù)下痢與便秘交替浮現(xiàn)，糞便常帶血或膿汁。2.3病理變化：在肺臟、乳房和胃腸粘膜等處形成特異性白色或黃白色結(jié)節(jié)。結(jié)節(jié)大小不一，切面干酪樣壞死或鈣化，有時壞死組織溶解和軟化，排出后形成空洞。胸膜和肺膜可發(fā)生密集結(jié)核結(jié)節(jié)，形如珍珠狀。2.4實驗室診斷2.4.1病原學(xué)診斷采集病牛病灶、痰、尿、糞便、乳及其他分泌物樣品，作抹片或集菌解決（見附件）后抹片，用抗酸染色法染色鏡檢，并進行病原分離培養(yǎng)和動物接種等實驗。2.4.2免疫學(xué)實驗牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌PPD（提純蛋白衍生物）皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗（即牛提純結(jié)核菌素皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗）（見GB/T18646）。2.5成果鑒定本病根據(jù)流行病學(xué)特點、臨床特性、病理變化可做出初步診斷。確診需進一步做病原學(xué)診斷或免疫學(xué)診斷。2.5.1分離出結(jié)核分枝桿菌（涉及牛結(jié)核分枝桿菌、結(jié)核分枝桿菌）判為結(jié)核病牛。2.5.2牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌PPD皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗陽性牛，判為結(jié)核病牛。3疫情報告3.1任何單位和個人發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似病牛，應(yīng)當及時向本地動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)報告。3.2動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)接到疫情報告并確認后，按《動物疫情報告管理辦法》及關(guān)于規(guī)定及時上報。4疫情解決4.1發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似疫情，畜主應(yīng)限制動物移動；對疑似患病動物應(yīng)及時隔離。4.2動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)要及時派員到現(xiàn)場進行調(diào)查核算，開展實驗室診斷。確診后，本地人民政府組織關(guān)于部門按下列規(guī)定解決：4.2.1撲殺對患病動物所有撲殺。4.2.2隔離對受威脅畜群（病畜同群畜）實行隔離，可采用圈養(yǎng)和固定草場放牧兩種方式隔離。隔離飼養(yǎng)用草場，不要接近交通要道，居民點或人畜密集地區(qū)。場地周邊最佳有自然屏障或人工柵欄。對隔離畜群結(jié)核病凈化，按本規(guī)范5.5規(guī)定進行。4.2.3無害化解決病死和撲殺病畜，要按照GB16548-1996《畜禽病害肉尸及其產(chǎn)品無害化解決規(guī)程》進行無害化解決。4.2.4流行病學(xué)調(diào)查及檢測開展流行病學(xué)調(diào)查和疫源追蹤；對同群動物進行檢測。4.2.5消毒對病畜和陽性畜污染場合、用品、物品進行嚴格消毒。飼養(yǎng)場金屬設(shè)施、設(shè)備可采用火焰、熏蒸等方式消毒；養(yǎng)畜場圈舍、場地、車輛等，可選用2%燒堿等有效消毒藥消毒；飼養(yǎng)場飼料、墊料可采用深埋發(fā)酵解決或焚燒解決；糞便采用堆積密封發(fā)酵方式，以及其他相應(yīng)有效消毒方式。4.2.6發(fā)生重大牛結(jié)核病疫情時，本地縣級以上人民政府應(yīng)按照《重大動物疫情應(yīng)急條例》關(guān)于規(guī)定，采用相應(yīng)疫情撲滅辦法。5防止與控制采用以“監(jiān)測、檢疫、撲殺和消毒”相結(jié)合綜合性防治辦法。5.1監(jiān)測監(jiān)測對象：牛監(jiān)測比例為：種牛、奶牛100%，規(guī)模場肉牛10%，其他牛5%，疑似病牛100%。如在牛結(jié)核病凈化群中（涉及犢牛群）檢出陽性牛時，應(yīng)及時撲殺陽性牛，其他牛按假定健康群解決。成年牛凈化群每年春秋兩季用牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌PPD皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗各進行一次監(jiān)測。初生犢牛，應(yīng)于20日齡時進行第一次監(jiān)測。并按規(guī)定使用和填寫監(jiān)測成果報告，及時上報。5.2檢疫異地調(diào)運動物，必要來自于非疫區(qū)，憑本地動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)出具檢疫合格證明調(diào)運。動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)應(yīng)對調(diào)運種用、乳用、役用動物進行實驗室檢測。檢測合格后，方可出具檢疫合格證明。調(diào)入后應(yīng)隔離飼養(yǎng)30天，經(jīng)本地動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)檢疫合格后，方可解除隔離。5.3人員防護飼養(yǎng)人員每年要定期進行健康檢查。發(fā)現(xiàn)患有結(jié)核病應(yīng)調(diào)離崗位，及時治療。5.4防疫監(jiān)督結(jié)核病監(jiān)測合格應(yīng)為奶牛場、種畜場《動物防疫合格證》發(fā)放或?qū)忩灡貍錀l件。動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)要對轄區(qū)內(nèi)奶牛場、種畜場檢疫凈化狀況監(jiān)督檢查。鮮奶收購點（站）必要憑奶牛健康證明收購鮮奶。5.5凈化辦法被確診為結(jié)核病牛牛群（場）為牛結(jié)核病污染群（場），應(yīng)所有實行牛結(jié)核病凈化。5.5.1牛結(jié)核病凈化群（場）建立污染牛群解決：應(yīng)用牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌PPD皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗對該牛群進行重復(fù)監(jiān)測，每次間隔3個月，發(fā)現(xiàn)陽性牛及時撲殺，并按照本規(guī)范4規(guī)定解決。犢牛應(yīng)于20日齡時進行第一次監(jiān)測，100～120日齡時，進行第二次監(jiān)測。凡持續(xù)兩次以上監(jiān)測成果均為陰性者，可以為是牛結(jié)核病凈化群。凡牛型結(jié)核分枝桿菌PPD皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗疑似反映者，于42天后進行復(fù)檢，復(fù)檢成果為陽性，則按陽性牛解決；若仍呈疑似反映則間隔42天再復(fù)檢一次，成果仍為可疑反映者，視同陽性牛解決。5.5.2隔離疑似結(jié)核病?；蚺Ｐ徒Y(jié)核分枝桿菌PPD皮內(nèi)變態(tài)反映實驗可疑畜須隔離復(fù)檢。5.5.3消毒暫時消毒：奶牛群中檢出并剔出結(jié)核病牛后，牛舍、用品及運動場合等按照4.2.5規(guī)定進行緊急解決。經(jīng)常性消毒：飼養(yǎng)場及牛舍出入口處，應(yīng)設(shè)立消毒池，內(nèi)置有效消毒劑，如3～5%來蘇爾溶液或20％石灰乳等。消毒藥要定期更換，以保證一定藥效。牛舍內(nèi)一切用品應(yīng)定期消毒;產(chǎn)房每周進行一次大消毒，分娩室在臨產(chǎn)牛生產(chǎn)前及分娩后各進行一次消毒。

附件樣品集菌方法痰液或乳汁等樣品，由于含菌量較少，如直接涂片鏡檢往往是陰性成果。此外，在培養(yǎng)或作動物實驗時，常因污染雜菌生長較快，使病原結(jié)核分枝桿菌被抑制。下列幾種消化濃縮辦法可使檢查標本中蛋白質(zhì)溶解、殺滅污染雜菌，而結(jié)核分枝桿菌因有蠟質(zhì)外膜而不死亡，并得到濃縮。1硫酸消化法用4－6％硫酸溶液將痰、尿、糞或病灶組織等按1:5之比例加入混合，然后置37℃作用1－2小時，經(jīng)3000－4000rpm離心30分鐘，棄上清，取沉淀物涂片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。也可用硫酸消化濃縮后，在沉淀物中加入3％氫氧化鈉中和，然后抹片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。2氫氧化鈉消化法取氫氧化鈉35－40g，鉀明礬2g，溴麝香草酚蘭20mg（預(yù)先用60％酒精配制成0.4％濃度，應(yīng)用時按比例加入），蒸餾水1000mL混合，即為氫氧化鈉消化液。將被檢痰、尿、糞便或病灶組織按1:5比例加入氫氧化鈉消化液中，混勻后，37℃作用2－3小時，然后無菌滴加5－10％鹽酸溶液進行中和，使標本pH調(diào)到6.8左右（此時顯淡黃綠色），以3000－4000rpm離心15－20分鐘，棄上清，取沉淀物涂片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。在病料中加入等量4％氫氧化鈉溶液，充分振搖5－10分鐘，然后用3000rpm離心15－20分鐘，棄上清，加1滴酚紅批示劑于沉淀物中，用2N鹽酸中和至淡紅色，然后取沉淀物涂片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。在痰液或小膿塊中加入等量1％氫氧化鈉溶液，充分振搖15分鐘，然后用3000rpm離心30分鐘，取沉淀物涂片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。對痰液消化濃縮也可采用如下較溫和解決辦法：取1N（或4％）氫氧化鈉水溶液50mL，0.1mol/L檸檬酸鈉50mL，N－乙酰－L－半胱氨酸0.5g，混合。取痰一份，加上述溶液2份，作用24－48小時，以3000rpm離心15分鐘，取沉淀物涂片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。3安替福民（Antiformin）沉淀濃縮法溶液A：碳酸鈉12g、漂白粉8g、蒸餾水80mL。溶液B：氫氧化鈉15g、蒸餾水85mL。應(yīng)用時A、B兩液等量混合，再用蒸餾水稀釋成15－20％后使用，該溶液須存儲于棕色瓶內(nèi)。將被檢樣品置于試管中，加入3－4倍量15－20％安替福民溶液，充分搖勻后37℃作用1小時，加1－2倍量滅菌蒸餾水，搖勻，3000－4000rpm離心20－30分鐘，棄上清沉淀物加蒸餾水恢復(fù)原量后再離心一次，取沉淀物涂片鏡檢、培養(yǎng)和接種動物。PrescribedandalternativediagnostictestsforOIElisteddiseasesTerrestrialCode

ChapterNo.TerrestrialManual

ChapterNo.Disease

namePrescribed

testsAlternative

tests.7.BovinetuberculosisTuberculintestGammainterferontestCountryorzonefreefrombovinetuberculosisToqualifyasfreefrombovinetuberculosis，acountryorzoneshouldsatisfythefollowingrequirements:M.bovisinfectionindomestic(permanentlycaptiveandownedfree-range)bovinesincludingcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonisanotifiablediseaseinthecountry;anon-goingawarenessprogrammeshouldbeinplacetoencouragereportingofallcasessuggestiveofbovinetuberculosis;regularandperiodictestingofallcattle，waterbuffalo，andwoodbisonherdsdemonstratedthatM.

bovisinfectionwasnotpresentinatleast99.8%oftheherdsand99.9%ofthecattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisoninthecountryorzonefor3

consecutiveyears;asurveillanceprogrammeshouldbeinplacetodetectbovinetuberculosisinthecountryorzonethroughante-mortemandpost-morteminspectionasdescribedinChapter

6.2.;ifthesurveillanceprogrammedescribedinpoints

3and4abovehasnotdetectedinfectionwithM.

bovisfor5

consecutiveyears，surveillancemaybemaintainedthroughante-mortemandpost-morteminspectionasdescribedinChapter6.2.;cattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonintroducedintoacountryorzonefreefrombovinetuberculosisshouldbeaccompaniedbyacertificatefromanOfficialVeterinarianattestingthattheycomefromacountry，zone，compartmentorherdfreefrombovinetuberculosisorcomplywiththerelevantprovisionsinArticle

11.7.5.orinArticle

11.7.6.Chapter11.7.bovinetuberculosisArticle11.7.1.GeneralprovisionsTherecommendationsinthischapterareintendedtomanagethehumanandanimalhealthrisksassociatedwithMycobacteriumbovis(M.

bovis)infectionindomestic(permanentlycaptiveandownedfree-range)bovinesincludingcattle(Bostaurus，B.

indicusandB.

grunniens)，waterbuffaloes(Bubalusbubalis)andwoodbisons(BisonbisonandB.bonasus).StandardsfordiagnostictestsaredescribedintheTerrestrialManual.Article11.7.2.CountryorzonefreefrombovinetuberculosisToqualifyasfreefrombovinetuberculosis，acountryorzoneshouldsatisfythefollowingrequirements:M.bovisinfectionindomestic(permanentlycaptiveandownedfree-range)bovinesincludingcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonisanotifiablediseaseinthecountry;anon-goingawarenessprogrammeshouldbeinplacetoencouragereportingofallcasessuggestiveofbovinetuberculosis;regularandperiodictestingofallcattle，waterbuffalo，andwoodbisonherdsdemonstratedthatM.

bovisinfectionwasnotpresentinatleast99.8%oftheherdsand99.9%ofthecattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisoninthecountryorzonefor3

consecutiveyears;asurveillanceprogrammeshouldbeinplacetodetectbovinetuberculosisinthecountryorzonethroughante-mortemandpost-morteminspectionasdescribedinChapter

6.2.;ifthesurveillanceprogrammedescribedinpoints

3and4abovehasnotdetectedinfectionwithM.

bovisfor5

consecutiveyears，surveillancemaybemaintainedthroughante-mortemandpost-morteminspectionasdescribedinChapter6.2.;cattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonintroducedintoacountryorzonefreefrombovinetuberculosisshouldbeaccompaniedbyacertificatefromanOfficialVeterinarianattestingthattheycomefromacountry，zone，compartmentorherdfreefrombovinetuberculosisorcomplywiththerelevantprovisionsinArticle

11.7.5.orinArticle

11.7.6.Article11.7.3.CompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosisToqualifyasacompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosis，cattle，waterbuffaloorwoodbisoninacompartmentshouldbecertifiedbytheVeterinaryAuthorityassatisfyingthefollowingrequirements:cattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbison:showednosignofbovinetuberculosisorlesionsatante-mortemorpost-morteminspectionforatleast3

consecutiveyears;wereover6

weeksofageatthetimeofthefirsttestandhaveshownanegativeresulttoatleasttwotuberculintestscarriedoutatanintervalofaminimumof6

months，thefirsttestbeingperformedatleast6

monthsfollowingtheslaughterofthelastaffectedanimal;metoneofthefollowingconditions:showedanegativeresulttoabiannualtuberculintesttoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisismorethan1%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast2

years；orshowedanegativeresulttoanannualtuberculintesttoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisismorethan0.2%butnotmorethan1%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast2

years；orshowedanegativeresulttoatuberculintestevery3

yearstoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisisnotmorethan0.2%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast4

years；orshowedanegativeresulttoatuberculintestevery4

yearstoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisisnotmorethan0.1%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast6years;cattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonintroducedintothecompartmentcomefromaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosis.Thisconditionmaybewaivedforanimalswhichhavebeenisolatedforatleast90

daysandwhich，priortoentryintothecompartment，weresubjectedtoatleasttwotuberculintestscarriedoutata6-monthintervalwithnegativeresultswiththesecondtuberculintestperformedduringthe30dayspriortoentryintothecompartment;cattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisoninacompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosisareprotectedfromcontactwithwildlifereservoirsofbovinetuberculosisandaremanagedunderacommonbiosecurityplanprotectingthemfromcontaminationwithM.

bovis，andthecompartmenthasbeenapprovedbytheVeterinaryAuthorityinaccordancewithChapters

4.3.and4.4.Article11.7.4.HerdfreefrombovinetuberculosisToqualifyasfreefrombovinetuberculosis，aherdofcattle，waterbuffalo，orwoodbisonsshouldsatisfythefollowingrequirements:theherdisinacountry，zoneorcompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosisandiscertifiedfreebytheVeterinaryAuthority；orcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonintheherd:showednosignsofbovinetuberculosisorlesionsatante-mortemorpost-morteminspectionforatleast3

consecutiveyears;wereover6

weeksofageatthetimeofthefirsttestandhaveshownanegativeresulttoatleasttwotuberculintestscarriedoutatanintervalofaminimumof6months，thefirsttestbeingperformedatleast6monthsfollowingtheslaughterofthelastaffectedanimal;metoneofthefollowingconditions:showedanegativeresulttoanannualtuberculintesttoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosis；orshowedanegativeresulttoatuberculintestevery2yearstoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisisnotmorethan1%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast2years；orshowedanegativeresulttoatuberculintestevery3yearstoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisisnotmorethan0.2%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast4years；orshowedanegativeresulttoatuberculintestevery4yearstoensurethecontinuingabsenceofbovinetuberculosisiftheannualpercentageofherdsconfirmedasinfectedwithtuberculosisisnotmorethan0.1%ofallherdsinthecountryorzoneduringthelast6years;cattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonintroducedintotheherdcomefromaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosis.Thisconditionmaybewaivedforanimalswhichhavebeenisolatedforatleast90daysandwhich，priortoentryintotheherd，weresubjectedtoatleasttwotuberculintestscarriedoutata6-monthintervalwithnegativeresults.Article11.7.5.Recommendationsfortheimportationofcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonforbreedingorrearingVeterinaryAuthoritiesofimportingcountriesshouldrequirethepresentationofaninternationalveterinarycertificateattestingthattheanimals:showednosignsofbovinetuberculosisonthedayofshipment;originatefromaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosisthatisinacountry，zoneorcompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosis；orweresubjectedtothetuberculintestforbovinetuberculosiswithnegativeresultsduringthe30dayspriortoshipmentandcomefromaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosis；orhavebeenisolatedforatleast90dayspriortoentryintotheherdincludingprotectionfromcontactwithwildlifereservoirsofbovinetuberculosisandweresubjectedtoatleasttwotuberculintestscarriedoutatasix-monthintervalwithnegativeresultswiththesecondtuberculintestperformedduringthe30dayspriortoentryintotheherd.Article11.7.6.Recommendationsfortheimportationofcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonforslaughterVeterinaryAuthoritiesofimportingcountriesshouldrequirethepresentationofaninternationalveterinarycertificateattestingthattheanimals:showednosignsofbovinetuberculosisonthedayofshipment;originatedfromaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosisorweresubjectedtoatuberculintestforbovinetuberculosiswithnegativeresultsduringthe30dayspriortoshipment;werenotbeingeliminatedaspartofaneradicationprogrammeagainstbovinetuberculosis.Article11.7.7.Recommendationsfortheimportationofsemenofcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonVeterinaryAuthoritiesofimportingcountriesshouldrequirethepresentationofaninternationalveterinarycertificateattestingthat:thedonoranimalsshowednosignsofbovinetuberculosisonthedayofcollectionofthesemenandeither:werekeptinanartificialinseminationcentrefreefrombovinetuberculosisinacountry，zoneorcompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosisandwhichonlyacceptsanimalsfromfreeherdsinafreecountry，zoneorcompartment；orshowednegativeresultstotuberculintestscarriedoutannuallyandwerekeptinaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosis;thesemenwascollected，processedandstoredinconformitywiththeprovisionsofChapter

4.5.andChapter

4.6.Article11.7.8.Recommendationsfortheimportationofembryos/ovaofcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonVeterinaryAuthoritiesofimportingcountriesshouldrequirethepresentationofaninternationalveterinarycertificateattestingthat:thedonorfemalesandallothersusceptibleanimalsintheherdoforiginshowednosignsofbovinetuberculosisduringthe24

hourspriortoembryocollection；andeitheroriginatedfromaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosisinacountry，zoneorcompartmentfreefrombovinetuberculosis；orwerekeptinaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosis，andweresubjectedtoatuberculintestforbovinetuberculosiswithnegativeresultsduringanisolationperiodof30daysintheestablishmentoforiginpriortocollection;theembryos/ovawerecollected，processedandstoredinconformitywiththeprovisionsofChapters

4.7.，4.8.and4.9.，asrelevant.Article11.7.9.Recommendationsfortheimportationoffreshmeatandmeatproductsofcattle，waterbuffalo，andwoodbisonVeterinaryAuthoritiesofimportingcountriesshouldrequirethepresentationofaninternationalveterinarycertificateattestingthattheentireconsignmentofmeatcomesfromanimalswhichhavebeensubjectedtoante-mortemandpost-morteminspectionsasdescribedinChapter

6.2.Article11.7.10.Recommendationsfortheimportationofmilkandmilkproductsofcattle，waterbuffaloandwoodbisonVeterinaryAuthoritiesofimportingcountriesshouldrequirethepresentationofaninternationalveterinarycertificateattestingthattheconsignment:hasbeenderivedfromanimalsinaherdfreefrombovinetuberculosis；orwassubjectedtopasteurization；orwassubjectedtoacombinationofcontrolmeasureswithequivalentperformanceasdescribedintheCodexAlimentariusCodeofHygienicPracticeforMilkandMilkProducts.第11.6。

牛結(jié)核病

第11.6.1。

普通規(guī)定在本章建議是為了管理人類和動物健康有關(guān)風險，牛分枝桿菌分枝桿菌感染（永久圈養(yǎng)和國有散養(yǎng)）在國內(nèi)牛，涉及牛（牛，B.蜓和B.牦牛），水牛（水牛）和木野牛（野牛野牛B.bonasus）。診斷測試原則描述在陸地手冊。

第11.6.2。

牛結(jié)核病國家或區(qū)域牛結(jié)核病，一種國家或區(qū)域有資格作為應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：牛分枝桿菌

感染，在國內(nèi)（永久圈養(yǎng)和散養(yǎng)國有）牛涉及黃牛，水牛和木野牛是在該國須呈報疾病

;持續(xù)宣傳方案要到位，以勉勵所有報告暗示牛結(jié)核病案件

;所有牛??，水牛和木野牛經(jīng)常和定期檢測牛群表白研究

桿菌

感染是當前至少有99.8％牛群和99.9％牛，水牛和木野牛國家或區(qū)域持續(xù)三年;一種監(jiān)視程序要到位。檢測牛結(jié)核病，在通過宰前和宰后檢查國家或區(qū)域在第一章描述

6.2

;如果監(jiān)察籌劃分3和第4段中所述證明，M。桿菌

感染是當前至少有99.8％牛群和99.9％牛，水牛和木野牛國家或區(qū)域持續(xù)五年，監(jiān)視也許會維持通過宰前和宰后檢查中所述第

6.2章

;牛，水水牛和木野牛引入到一種國家或區(qū)牛結(jié)核病，應(yīng)隨著著從一種證書證明，她們從一種國家官方獸醫(yī)，區(qū)，車廂或無牛結(jié)核病牛群，或遵守關(guān)于規(guī)定在第

11.6.5

或11.6.6條

。

第11.6.3。

無隔間牛結(jié)核病有資格作為一種車廂，牛結(jié)核病，牛，水?；蛟谀疽芭Ｅ搼?yīng)當由獸醫(yī)管理局認證，符合下列規(guī)定：黃牛，水牛和木野牛：至少持續(xù)三年沒有在事前或宰后檢查表白牛結(jié)核病或病變跡象;在第一次測試時間超過6周齡，并已顯示出負面成果至少有兩個結(jié)核菌素至少半年時間間隔進行測試，第一次測試正在執(zhí)行至少6個月如下虐殺最后受影響

動物

;符合下列條件之一：每年兩次結(jié)核菌素實驗呈陰性成果，以保證牛結(jié)核病持續(xù)狀況下，如果牛群證明感染肺結(jié)核年度比例超過1％牛群，在過去兩年，在國家或區(qū)域

;呈陰性成果以每年結(jié)核菌素實驗，以保證持續(xù)狀況下，如果牛結(jié)核病年度比例牛群證明感染肺結(jié)核是0.2％以上，但不超過1％牛群在國家或區(qū)域在過去兩年;顯示了一種結(jié)核菌素實驗陰性成果每三年，以保證持續(xù)狀況下，牛結(jié)核病，如果牛群證明感染肺結(jié)核年度比例不超過0.2％牛群在過去四年在全國或區(qū)域

;或顯示了一種結(jié)核菌素實驗陰性成果每四年，以保證持續(xù)狀況下，牛結(jié)核病，如果不超過0.1％牛群在國家或區(qū)