大學(xué)英語四級仔細(xì)閱讀專項強化真題試卷6(含答案及解析)

大學(xué)英語四級仔細(xì)閱讀專項強化真題試卷6（題后含答案及解析）

題型有：1.

RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretain

studentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseems

highereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto

“solve“problems一realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthree

differentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolder

studentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired一nottoteachbuttohold

meetings一hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforan

administrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,the

centerisaclearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandin

onlinecourses.It'sanadministrativesham（欺詐）ofthekindthathasmultipliedover

thelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems

一classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being一mightbe

improvedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetingsand

insteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaff

withclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20or

fewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersand

studentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirown

way一thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividual

talentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedto

teach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatand

consumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingand

researcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisan

artandacraft,talentandpractice:itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.

Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthat

prettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbest

andworstteachers.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?

A.Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.

B.Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.

C-Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.

D.Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.

正確答案：c

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由定位句可知，從作者自己的親身經(jīng)歷來看，雖然雇用

的行政人員越來越多，可教育面臨的真正的問題卻日趨嚴(yán)重,這就是當(dāng)今的大學(xué)，

由此推斷，當(dāng)今大學(xué)面臨的問題就是行政人員過多，故答案為C）。

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?

A-Goodclassroomteachers.

B.Efficientadministrators.

C-Talentedresearchers.

D.Motivatedstudents.

正確答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。定位句提到，眾多問題都可以通過削減官僚機構(gòu)和會議,

同時雇用一大批優(yōu)秀的教師來解決，由此推斷，大學(xué)缺乏的應(yīng)該是好老師，故答

案為A）o

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?

A.Theyfacilitatestudents9independentlearning.

B.Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.

C-Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.

D.Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.

正確答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。定位句指出，如果我們能將半數(shù)的行政人員用課堂教師

來代替，那么我們就可以把每個班級中學(xué)生的數(shù)量降至20人或更少，而這樣的

環(huán)境才有利于老師和學(xué)生彼此真正了解，因此作者暗示目前的班級學(xué)生人數(shù)過

多，故答案為D）。

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?

A.Itrequirestalentandpractice.

B.Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.

C.Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents5learning.

D.Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.

正確答案：A

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句提到教書是一門藝術(shù)，也是手藝，教書需要天分

和積累，并非每個人都能勝任，故答案為A）。

5.Whatistheauthor9ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?

A.Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.

B.Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.

C.Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.

D.Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogoto

classrooms.

正確答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。在第三段的首句中，作者提出我們的眾多問題都可以通

過多雇用優(yōu)秀的教師來解決。在第四段首句中，作者指出老師必須被給予以自己

的方式授課的自由才能實現(xiàn)課程目標(biāo)，故答案為B）。

Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencracked

yearsago一byMcDonald's.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity'sFood

andBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards一likethetoysinMcDonald'sHappyMeals

一stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,

ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewould

chooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthe

majorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahaltsizedportionwhencombinedwitha

prize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthe

promiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.

Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket（彩票）,witha$10,$50or$100payout,

andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless."The

factthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemere

prospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,,9saysReimann.He

theorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethem

effective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffective

thanoptionswithhardoddsincluded."Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthat

possibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,"says

Reimann."Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirability

throughemotional'thrills.'Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesa

stateofhope一astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding."Inotherwords,

there'sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedto

helppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthe

chancetowinaspa（溫泉療養(yǎng)）weekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportion

couldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyou

backintherestaurant一andmakeyoueatalittleless.

6.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald'sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?

A.Itmayshedlightonpeople'sdesiretocrackasecret.

B.IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald'sbusinesssuccess.

C.Itappealstokid'scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.

D.Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.

正確答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。定位段指出，麥當(dāng)勞歡樂套餐中的玩具可以和食物一樣

刺激大腦中的獎賞中樞，讓人們吃得少，還可以感受到快樂，故答案為D）。

7.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?

A.ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald7B.9smore.

B.Mostkidsandadultsdon'tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheir

meal.

C.Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadults

alike.

D.Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-food

item.

正確答案：D

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，絕大多數(shù)的孩子和成年人都愿

意選擇帶有獎勵的減半食物。此處的他們是指代上一段中提到的萊曼領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究

人員，故答案為D）。

8.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann'sfinding?

A.Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.

B.Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.

C.Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.

D.Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.

正確答案：B

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句中提到，更為有趣的是，一個對未來獎勵的承諾

足以讓成年人選擇小份食物，故答案為B）。

9.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?

A.Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.

B-Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.

C.Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.

D.Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.

正確答案：A

解析：語義理解題。本題問到萊曼如何解讀他的研究。文章的第三、四、五

段都是對萊曼及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)的描述。從第六段起，他開始分析其研

究結(jié)果。該段首句即提出，從理論上來說，是這些無形獎勵中的感情成分使得這

些獎勵起了作用，這就是他對研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的解讀，故答案為A）。

10.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann'sfinding?

A.Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.

B.MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald'sexample.

C.Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.

D-Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.

正確答案：c

解析：推理判斷題。題目中問到我們能從萊曼的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)中推斷出什么。萊

曼的研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)了人們愿意為獎品放棄大份食物，而當(dāng)這種獎品存在某種不確

定性時，對人們的吸引力更大，這是由于人們的欲望被不確定性所刺激。文章最

后一段提出，如果飯店能利用這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，設(shè)置一些獎勵，不僅可以讓顧客再次光

臨，也可以讓人們吃得更少，故答案為C）。

“Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,“are

commoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsof

almostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsof

taxation.uTwoandahalfcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftax

onalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublic

healthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaof

taxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.A

preliminaryreviewofMexico9staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksas

wellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxon

foodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthat

consumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesire

forcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedto

suchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeans

thatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyas

wellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortsto

improvethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecut

theamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30years

havebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,or

byfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshave

beeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthe

fundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,

butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.While

reformulatingrecipes（酉己方）isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofa

multi-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.To

dealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches——includingreformulation,taxationand

adjustingportionsizes一willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.

11.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco?

A.Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.

B.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.

C.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.

D.Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.

正確答案：c

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段通過亞當(dāng)?斯密的話引入對糖、酒、煙征稅的話

題。該段中有三個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞commodities,由第三個

定語從句可知，糖、酒、煙是極為受歡迎的征稅對象。C）“幾乎所有的地方都對

它們征稅”符合原文，故本題答案為C）。

12.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?

A.Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.

B.Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.

C.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularand

profitable.

D.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingenerating

profits.

正確答案：B

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段提到，許多政府開始考慮征收糖稅。第二句中

With引出的是原因狀語，表明征收糖稅的原因在于激增的肥胖水平給公共衛(wèi)生

系統(tǒng)帶來巨大的壓力。B)“他們覺得應(yīng)對由糖引起的健康問題越來越困難”符合

原文提到的原因，故本題答案為B)。

13.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?

A.Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.

B.Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.

C?ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.

D.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.

正確答案：A

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段討論了糖、酒、煙稅的有效性問題。墨西哥的酒

稅是有效的，但是丹麥征收的高脂肪食品稅卻在執(zhí)行一年后就被廢除了，因為消

費者為避免納稅可以跨境去德國購買能滿足其需求且更便宜、脂肪含量更高的食

品。由此可知，A)“沒有像預(yù)期的那樣有效”符合原文意思，故本題答案為A)。

14.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinks

bothhealthyandtasty?

A.Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.

B.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.

C.Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers9needs.

D.Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.

正確答案：D

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第六段指出，食品公司也在采取措施提高自己產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)

量。之前采取的方式是要么減少糖、鹽或脂肪的含量，要么找替代成分。但是最

近的努力方向是學(xué)習(xí)如何調(diào)整食品的基本物質(zhì)構(gòu)成。因此D)“調(diào)整其產(chǎn)品的物

質(zhì)構(gòu)成”是對原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，故本題答案為D)。

15.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereis

nosilverbullefXLine4,Para.7)?

A.Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.

B.Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.

C-Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.

D.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.

正確答案：A

解析：語義理解題。第七段是對全文的總結(jié)，作者指出改善公共健康需要多

方面的措施，包括重新設(shè)計配方、征稅和調(diào)整各成分含量等。Thereisnosilver

bullet.是對第三句的總結(jié)和進(jìn)一步說明，A)“該問題沒有唯一的輕松快速解決

的方案”是對該句的最好解釋，故本題答案為A)。

Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:models

eatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfrom

hunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.

Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtwo

researcherssayamodeFsbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.In

aneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,Katherine

RecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashion

industry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymass

index(BMI)under16-lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealth

Organization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodels

themselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence.

“Especiallygirlsandteens,“saysRecord.66Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18

reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines.

"That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厭食癥)resultsinmore

deathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteof

MentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwith

occupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodelsare

particularlyvulnerabletoeatingdisordersresultingfromoccupationaldemandsto

maintainextremethinness.Record'ssuggestionistoprohibitagentsfromhiring

modelswithaBMIbelow18.InApril,Francepassedalawsettinglowerlimits

foramodeFsweight.AgentsandfashionhouseswhohiremodelswithaBMIunder

18couldpay$82,000infinesandspendupto6monthsinjail.Regulatingthe

fashionindustryintheUnitedStateswon'tbeeasy,Recordsays.Butwiththenew

rulesinFrance,U.S.supportcouldmakeadifference."Adesignercan'tsurvive

withoutparticipatinginParisFashionWeek”,shesays,adding,9,Ourargumentisthat

thesamewouldbetrueofNewYorkFashionWeek.”

16.WhatdoRecordandAustinsayaboutfashionmodels'bodymass?

A.Ithascausedneedlesscontroversy.

B.Itisbutamatterofpersonaltaste.

C.Itisthefocusofthemodelingbusiness.

D.Itaffectsmodels9healthandsafety.

正確答案：D

解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段說明雷科德和奧斯汀對模特體重的觀點，第一句

第一個and之后的tworesearchers指的就是這兩人，他們認(rèn)為模特的體重應(yīng)該成

為職場健康的安全問題，因此D)“影響模特的健康和安全A)”符合原文表述，

故本題答案為D)o

17.WhatareRecordandAustinadvocatingintheMondayeditorial?

A.Achangeinthepublic9sviewoffemalebeauty.

B?Governmentlegislationaboutmodels9