【歷年真題】2016年10月06422英語語言學自考試卷（廣東含部分答案）

2016年10月廣東省高等教育自學考試英語語言學

問卷I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.1.Threebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,a_______phonetics,andacousticphonetics.2.Thewordaroundwhichaphraseisformedistermedhead,andthewordsontherightsideoftheheadsarec____________.3.H__________

referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.4.S__________referstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.5.Therearetwotypesofa__________dyslexia:phonologicaldyslexiaandsurfacedyslexia.6.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisknownaslinguisticr_______.7.Themostbasicandthesmallestmeaningfulelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledm___________.8.Thei__________viewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichhedevelops.9.C___________determinesthespeaker’suseoflanguageandalsothehearer’sinterpretationofwhatissaidtohim10.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimslaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobep___________.

11.Vibrationofthevocalcords

resultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v___________”.12.R__________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.13.A__________referstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisorderduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyvascularproblems,atumor,anaccidentandsoon.14.MinorLexicalCategoriesrefertoD_________,Degreeword,

Qualifier,AuxiliaryandConjunction.15.Linguisticsisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthes_____________investigationoflinguisticdata.16.Grammaticaloffunctionalwordsarereferredtoasbeingc_____classwords.17.Ap___________isaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.18.A________arewordsderivedfromtheinitialsofseveralwords,suchasWTO.19.I________motivationreferstothedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.20.Chomskyusesthetermp________torefertotheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.21.Differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,_______

gavelessconsiderationtolearners’nativelanguage.

A.negativetransfer

B.mistakeanalysis

C.positiveanalysis

D.erroranalysis22.Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalledthe__________.A.publicsociety

B.commongroup

C.speechcommunity

D.speechgroup23.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:oneisintermsof_____ofarticulationandtheotherisintermsofplaceofarticulation.A.force

B.position

C.manner

D.pattern24.___________analysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.A.Componential

B.Contrastive

C.Comparative

D.Inflection25.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.

A.morphemesB.elements

C.segments

D.constituents

26.____________motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.Positive

B.Integrative

C.Instrumental

D.Intrinsic27.Thewordsontheleftsideoftheheadsaresaidtofunctionas_______.A.modifiers

B.qualifiers

C.specifiers

D.determiners28.ThefollowingsoundsbelongtothesamenaturalclassEXCEPT____.A.[t]

B.[s]

C.[p]

D.[k]29.ThesentencethathasaNPandaPPcanbeshownina______formula“S→NPPP”.A.hierarchical

B.treediagram

C.vertical

D.linear30.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______.A.prescriptive

B.descriptive

C.synchronic

D.diachronic31.Therelationshipbetween“flower“

and“rose”is_______.A.homonymy

B.hyponymy

C.polysemy

D.synonymy32.Thepairofwords“east”

and“west“is________.A.gradableantonyms

B.co-hyponyms

C.complementaryoppositeD.relationalopposites33.WhichofthefollowinghypothesisisputforwardbyEricLenneberg?A.CriticalPeriodHypothesis

B.InputHypothesis

C.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis

D.LanguageAcquisitionDeviceHypothesis34.X:JohnhastakenpartintheLondonOlympicGames.

Y:Johnisasportsman.Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis_____.A.XentailsY

B.XisinconsistentwithYC.X

presupposes

Y

D.XissynonymouswithY35.Theword“unreasonably”consistsof____morphemes.A.4

B.3

C.5

D.236.____occurswhentheCooperativePrincipleisviolated.A.Locutionaryact

B.IllocutionaryactC.Conversationalimplicature

D.Intralingualerror37.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoforma__________.A.adjacencypairs

B.minimalpairsC.complementarypairs

D.similarpairs38.”Brunch”isawordformedby_____.A.clipping

B.back-formation

C.coinage

D.blending39.Whichoftheunderlinedmorphemesbelowisaderivationalmorpheme?A.started

B.jumping

C.physician

D.suffixes40.____isconcernedwiththeprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.A.Pragmatics

B.Morphology

C.Semantics

D.PsycholinguisticsIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)41.Thebrain,weighingabout1,400grams,consistsofabouttenbillionnervecellscalledneurons.42.Whatismeasuredintheprimingexperimentistheextenttowhichtheprimeinfluencesthesubject’s

psychological

decisionperformanceonthetargetstimulus.43.AccordingtoAustin,aspeakermightbeperformingthreeactssimultaneouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,illocutionaryactand

perlocutionaryact.44.Diacriticsareaddedtotheletter-symbolstobringoutfinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonemaypossiblydo.45.Modeofdiscoursereferstotheroleofrelationshipinthesituationinquestion.46.”Languageisarbitrary”meansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsoundssincedifferentsoundsareusedtorefertothesameobjectindifferentlanguages.47.Derivationalmorphemesarethegroupofmorphemessuchas–en,-ate,and–icetc.Becausewhentheyareconjoinedtoothermorphemes(orwords),anewwordisderivedofformed.48.Locutionaryactistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance;itistheactperformedbysayingsomething.49.Thecortexisseparatedbythelongitudinalfissureintotwoparts:theleftandrightcerebralhemispheres.50.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyN.Chomskyin1967.IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)51.behaviourist

52.senseandreference

53.Wh-Movement

54.LAD

55.Drawatreediagramfor“Thegirlboughtthebook.”

V.Essayquestion(15%)Writeapassageof120-150wordsonthefollowingtopic.56.Whataresuprasegmentalfeatures?HowdothemajorsuprasegmentalfeaturesofEnglishfunctioninconveyingmeaning?Illustrateyouranswerwithconcreteexamples.

部分參考答案（非官方答案，但大部分正確）：1.auditory

2.complements

3.Homonymy

4.Sociolect

5.acquired

6.relativity

7.morpheme

8.

interractionist

9.Context10.Prescriptive

11.voicing

12.Reference13.Aphasia

14

.

Determiner

15.systematic16.

closed

17.

pidgin

18.

Acronyms19.Integrative

20.performance

21.D

22.C

23.C

24.A

25.A26.B

27.C

28.B

29.D

30.B31.B

32.D

33.A

34.C

35.A36.C

37.B

38.D

39.C

40.D41.T

42.F

43.T

44.T

45.F

46.T

47.T

48.F

49.T

50.F51.Traditionalbehavioristsviewlanguageasbehaviorandbelievethatlanguagelearningissimplyamatterofimitationandhabitformation.52.Theyaretworelatedbutdifferentaspectsofmeaning.1)

Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contextualized.Itistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompliersareinterestedin.2)

Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnon-linguisticworldofexperience.53.Wh-movement----Moveawhphrasetothebeginningofthesentence.MoveawhphrasetothespecifierpositionunderCP.(Revised)54.Itisthecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguage,whenthiscapacityispicturesasasortofmechanismorapparatus.Inthe1960sand1970sChomskyandothers