河北省唐山市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題 （含答案解析）

唐山市2023—2024學年度高二年級第一學期期末考試英語滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Goforadinner.B.Attendaconcert.C.VisitLaurance.2.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Totryanewjob.B.Tostopcomplaining.C.Toaskforabetterpay.3.Whereisprobablytheman?A.Inashoppingmall.B.Inahotel.C.Inhishouse.4.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheweather?A.Doubtful.B.Excited.C.Worried.5.Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Onlinereading.B.Informationcollecting.C.Timespending.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)請聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhydidthewomangotoParis?A.TofindajobB.Togovisitingplaces.C.Tomeetherfriend.7.Howdoesthewoman’stripsound?A.WonderfulB.LuckyC.Eventful.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whydidthemanentertherace?A.Tohelpchildren.B.Tomakemoney.C.Tosatisfyhisclassmates.9.Howdidthemanmakeit?A.Bytryingtobeathisbest.B.Bykeepingconstantspeed.C.Byconqueringinnerstruggle.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatkindofmusicistheprojectabout?A.African.B.Australian.C.American.11.Whenwilltheprojecthavetobefinished?A.Bytheendoftheweek.B.Bytheendofthemonth.C.Bytheendoftheholidays.12.What’sthewoman’sattitudetochoosingdrums?A.Favorable.B.Critical.C.Puzzled.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whatsurprisesthewomanmostaboutthesciencebook?A.Thecondition.B.Thenotes.C.Theprice.14.Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A.20dollars.B.21dollars.C.23dollars.15.Whydoesthewomanonlybuytwobooksatthemoment?A.Sheisshortofmoney.B.Shecanbuysomeonline.C.Sheisuncertainaboutfurtherchoices.16.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeaker?A.Classmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.聽第10段獨白,回答第17至20題。17.WhatisSamuelWilder’sbirthplacecalled?A.Poland.B.Austria.C.Germany.18.WhydidSamuelWildergotoAmerica?A.Tomeetproducers.B.Todirecthisfirstmovie.C.Toescapewar.19.WhatdidSamuelWildermainlydoinhislateyears?A.Hestartedhisindustry.B.Hewrotelovestories.C.Heproducedfunnymovies.20.WhatdoesthespeakermainlytalkaboutofSamuelWilder?A.Hismoviestyles.B.Hismoviecareer.C.Hismoviereviews.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題2.5分,滿分25分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AWhenIwastenyearsold,Mumgotparalyzed(癱瘓).Beforethat,shewasalivelyandactivewomanwhoamazedmanywithherenergy.Iadmiredherforallthethingsshedid.However,everythingchangedwhensheturnedthirty-one.Istillhavevividimagesofherbeforeherparalysis.Shewouldplaypopularmusic,creatingacheerfulatmosphereforlivelygatherings.Shewouldjoyfullyrearrangethefurnituretomakeroomforfriendstoabandonthemselvestodance.Sheoftenspenthoursfillingthehousewithflowers,whichwepickedfreshfromthegardens.AfterMum’sparalysis,Ibegantotakecareofmy2-year-oldsister,MaryTherese.Innotimeatall,Ilearnedtobatheandfeedher.Formeitwasagiantstepbeyondplayingwithdolls.Onemomentstandsouteventoday:thetimeMaryTheresefellandskinnedherknee,burstintotearsandranpastmymother’soutstretchedarmsintomine.Toolate,InoticedslighthurtonMum’sface,butallshesaidwas,“It’snaturalthatsheshouldruntoyou,becauseyoutakesuchgoodcareofher.”WhenIwasgrownandenteredthefieldofcorrections,Mumbecameinterestedinworkingwithprisoners.Shetaughtwritingtothem.Oneday,sheaskedmetomailalettertooneprisoner,Waymon.Iaskedformymother’spermissiontoreaditfirst.Itread:whenyousaidthatIcouldn’timaginewhatitisliketobeinprison,IfeltlikeIhadtotellyouthatyouaremistaken.WhenIawokeonedaytofindthatIwascompletelyparalyzed,Ifelttrapped,overwhelmedbyasenseofbeingimprisonedinabodythatwouldnolongerallowmetodanceorcarrymychildinmyarms.Butthen,ImadeachoiceaboutwhetherIwouldsmilewhenIsawmydaughtersagainorIwouldweep.ImadeadecisiontoliveasfullyasIcould.BythetimeIfinishedMum’sletter,myvisionwascloudedbytears.Forthefirsttime,Isawmymotherinaclearerlight.1.HowcanwedescribeMumbeforeherparalysis?A.Creative. B.Ambitious. C.Adventurous. D.Enthusiastic.2.WhatdoMum’swordsaboutTherese’schoiceimply?A.MumhadasharpinsightB.MumwasemotionallygenerousC.MumwasworriedaboutherpositionD.Mumwasabsent-mindedatthemoment3.Whydidtheauthorcry?A.Sheregrettedforwhatshehaddone.B.Waymon’sexperiencewassaddening,C.ShewitnessedMum’scharactershiningthrough.D.Therewassomesecretbetweenherandhermother.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了媽媽癱瘓后的故事，作者被媽媽感動?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“WhenIwastenyearsold,Mumgotparalyzed(癱瘓).Beforethat,shewasalivelyandactivewomanwhoamazedmanywithherenergy.Iadmiredherforallthethingsshedid.(我十歲的時候，媽媽癱瘓了。在此之前，她是一個活潑活躍的女人，她的精力讓很多人驚嘆。我欽佩她所做的一切。)”和第三段“Istillhavevividimagesofherbeforeherparalysis.Shewouldplaypopularmusic,creatingacheerfulatmosphereforlivelygatherings.Shewouldjoyfullyrearrangethefurnituretomakeroomforfriendstoabandonthemselvestodance.Sheoftenspenthoursfillingthehousewithflowers,whichwepickedfreshfromthegardens.(我仍然清晰地記得她癱瘓前的樣子。她會演奏流行音樂，為熱鬧的聚會營造歡快的氣氛。她會高興地重新布置家具，騰出空間讓朋友們盡情跳舞。她經(jīng)常花好幾個小時用我們從花園里摘來的鮮花裝點房子。)”可知，作者認為媽媽癱瘓前是熱情的、滿腔熱忱的人。故選D。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“Toolate,InoticedslighthurtonMum’sface,butallshesaidwas,“It’snaturalthatsheshouldruntoyou,becauseyoutakesuchgoodcareofher.”(太晚了，我注意到媽媽臉上有輕微的痛苦，但她只是說：“她應該跑向你是很自然的，因為你把她照顧得那么好?！?”可知，媽媽在情感上很慷慨。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Itread:whenyousaidthatIcouldn’timaginewhatitisliketobeinprison,IfeltlikeIhadtotellyouthatyouaremistaken.WhenIawokeonedaytofindthatIwascompletelyparalyzed,Ifelttrapped,overwhelmedbyasenseofbeingimprisonedinabodythatwouldnolongerallowmetodanceorcarrymychildinmyarms.Butthen,ImadeachoiceaboutwhetherIwouldsmilewhenIsawmydaughtersagainorIwouldweep.ImadeadecisiontoliveasfullyasIcould.(信上寫道：當你說我無法想象在監(jiān)獄里是什么感覺時，我覺得我必須告訴你，你錯了。當我有一天醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)自己完全癱瘓時，我感到被困住了，被一種被囚禁的感覺壓倒了，我的身體不再允許我跳舞，也不允許我把孩子抱在懷里。但后來，我做了一個選擇，當我再次見到我的女兒時，我是微笑還是哭泣。我決定盡我所能充實地生活。)”和最后一段“BythetimeIfinishedMum’sletter,myvisionwascloudedbytears.Forthefirsttime,Isawmymotherinaclearerlight.(當我讀完媽媽的信時，淚水模糊了我的視線。這是我第一次以更清晰的眼光看待我的母親。)”可知，作者哭了是因為她親眼見證了媽媽的人格光輝，被媽媽感動。故選C。BTheUnitedNations’InternationalYearofSoilsishardlyamediafavorite.Maybeit’sbecausemanypeoplearelikeme,whorecallMom’swords:“Takeoffyourshoes!Don’tbringdirtintothehouse!“Withallthechallengesintheworldtoday,whywouldwerecognizesoils?Simplyput,soilsareliterallythebasethathumansstandon.Ignoringtheimportanceofthismeter-thickskincoveringourplanetislikeignoringtheimportanceoftheairwebreathe.Withouthealthysoils,wewouldnotbehere.Soilprovidesthestructureandnutrientsneededtogrowourfood.Itstoreswaterthatsatisfiesthethirstoftheenvironment,agricultureandhumans.Ithousesthelargestamountofcarbon(碳)onland,keepingtheclimatefromwarmingevenfaster.Itprovidesthenecessarysupportforthehabitatofalllifeonland-includingdiversityinthesoilitself(insomeregions,justahandfulofsoilcontainsmicroorganismsthataremorethanthepeopleonEarth).Inshort,soilplaysanessentialrolenotonlyinfeedinghumansbutinsupportingthelivingthingsthatproducetheoxygenwebreatheandpurifyingthewaterwedrink.Inotherwords,soilkeepsourplanethabitable.We,therefore,muststopconsidering”soil“adirtywordandrememberthatthefoodweeatandwaterwedrinkcanbetracedbacktoit.Businessesshouldadoptguidelinesthatensurethelongtermhealthandproductivityofsoil.Andlocalandnationalgovernmentsshouldprovidepoliciesthatencouragesoilprotection.Soilisoneofthemostimportantresourcesonourplanet,andwehaveignoredittoolong-atourownrisk.Themostimportantthingthatcanhappenisachangeinmind-setthatrecognizessoilisnotdirt.It’slifebeneathourfeet.4.WhydoestheauthormentionMom’swords?A.Tocriticizemedia.BTofindfaultwithparentsC.Toshowacommonattitude.D.TopromoteInternationalYearofSoils.5.Paragraph3ismainlyaboutthe_______________ofsoil.A.roles B.types C.health D.structure6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SoilBeinginDangerB.MakingtheMostofSoilC.UnearthingtheImportanceofSoilD.HealthySoilGrowingMoreFood【答案】4C5.A6.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們對土壤的誤解，發(fā)掘土壤的重要性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“TheUnitedNations’InternationalYearofSoilsishardlyamediafavorite.Maybeit’sbecausemanypeoplearelikeme,whorecallMom’swords:“Takeoffyourshoes!Don’tbringdirtintothehouse!“Withallthechallengesintheworldtoday,whywouldwerecognizesoils?(媒體幾乎不喜歡聯(lián)合國的“國際土壤年”。也許是因為很多人都像我一樣，想起媽媽的話：“脫鞋！”別把臟東西帶進屋里！“面對當今世界面臨的所有挑戰(zhàn)，我們?yōu)槭裁匆J識土壤？)”可知，作者提到媽媽的話是為了表現(xiàn)出人們普遍的態(tài)度。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第三段“Withouthealthysoils,wewouldnotbehere.(沒有健康的土壤，我們就不會在這里)”可知，第3段主要是關于土壤的作用。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“Soilisoneofthemostimportantresourcesonourplanet,andwehaveignoredittoolong-atourownrisk.Themostimportantthingthatcanhappenisachangeinmind-setthatrecognizessoilisnotdirt.It’slifebeneathourfeet.(土壤是地球上最重要的資源之一，我們忽視它太久了，后果自負?？赡馨l(fā)生的最重要的事情是思維方式的改變，認識到土壤不是污垢。而是我們腳下的生活。)”可知，文章主要介紹了人們對土壤的誤解，發(fā)掘土壤的重要性。故選C。CFlorawasplayingwithhernewdogStitch,whilewearingafavouritesecond-handsweater.Stitchjumpedupandgrabbedhersleeve-andtoreseveralholesinitwithhersharpteeth.Florawasn’tabouttothrowtheitemout.“Ican’tbringmyselftothrowawayniceclothingjustbecauseofahole,”sheexplains.Shedecidedtotackleanewskillrepairing.ShebeganbyreadingabookcalledMakeDoandRepair,abouttheinnovativewaystoavoidwaste.Insteadoftyingtomaketherepairassmallaspossible,sheturnedto“visiblefixing,”afashioninrepairingclothesthatleavesanintentionallyobviousfix.Sheaddedflowers,orothersmalldesignstodamagedclothes.“Everytimeyoudoarepair,it’slikegettinganewpieceofclothing,”saysFlora.Sadly,wehavebeeninthehabitofreplacingthingsinsteadofrepairingthem—andthegarbageispilingup.Worldwide,wethrowout92milliontonnesoffabriceveryyear.Thegoodnewsisthatfixingthingscanhelpsolvethewasteproblem.It’spartofalargershifttowardacirculareconomy-theideathatinsteadofthrowingoutitemsoncetheyarebrokenoroutofdate,wereuseorrepairthem,keepingthemoutofthewasteyardforaslongaspossible.Therewasatimewhenpeoplefixedthingsthemselvesorcalledtheirlocalrepairshop,Butasmoreitemswereproducedandpricesdropped,replacingevenabigappliancebecamemoreconvenient.That’schanging,inpartduetoinformationnowavailableonline.Thepopularhow-tositeiFixit.comhasenabledmorethan100millionrepairs.“Companieshavebeendesigningproductsthatbreakeasilyorbecomeoutdatedquickly,forcingconsumerstobuynewonesorpurchaseupgrades.We’renowseeingsomeproducersshowinterestinmakingitpossibleforuserstorepairthings.SomecompaniesaresellingofficialpartsandsharingtheirrepairguidesthroughiFixit.IFixithasgrownintoadatabasewithover100,000repairmanuals.Wehavethisvisionofaworldwhererepairistheexpectationforallthingsthataremade,”saysChamberlain,directorofiFixit.7.WhydidFlorareadabook?A.Forinnovation. B.Forrepairingskills.C.Forabetterlife. D.Fordog-raisinginformation.8.Whatmakestheauthorsad?A.People’shabit. B.Repairingquality.C.Fabricproduction. D.Worldwidegarbage.9.Whatisthepurposeof”circulareconomy“?A.Toremovelandfills. B.Toincreaseproduction.C.Tohelpexchangegoods. D.Torealizeresourcecycle.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromChamberlain?A.Heexpectsmorewiserusers.B.Hesupportspurchaseupgrades.C.HecreatestherepairingdatabaseofiFixit.D.Hehasadesireforcompaniesandconsumers.【答案】7.B8.A9.D10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要以Flora的毛衣被她的狗狗咬壞，但是她并沒有扔掉毛衣而是對毛衣進行了修補為例，介紹了我們已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了更換而不是修理的習慣，造成了垃圾的堆積?，F(xiàn)在，“循環(huán)經(jīng)濟”理念的流行正在解決這個問題?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“

Shedecidedtotackleanewskillrepairing.ShebeganbyreadingabookcalledMakeDoandRepair,abouttheinnovativewaystoavoidwaste.(她決定學習一種新的修復技能。她開始讀一本名為《將就與修復》的書，講述避免浪費的創(chuàng)新方法)”可知，F(xiàn)lora讀書的目的是為了學習修復技能，修補她的毛衣。故選B。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Sadly,wehavebeeninthehabitofreplacingthingsinsteadofrepairingthem-andthegarbageispilingup.

(可悲的是，我們已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了更換而不是修理的習慣——垃圾正在堆積)”可知，人們養(yǎng)成的不好的習慣讓作者感到可悲。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“It’spartofalargershifttowardacirculareconomy-theideathatinsteadofthrowingoutitemsoncetheyarebrokenoroutofdate,wereuseorrepairthem,keepingthemoutofthewasteyardforaslongaspossible.(這是向循環(huán)經(jīng)濟更大轉變的一部分，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的理念是，我們不再在物品破損或過時后扔掉它們，而是重新使用或修復它們，盡可能長時間地讓它們遠離垃圾場)”可知，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟是為了實現(xiàn)資源的循環(huán)利用。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Companieshavebeendesigningproductsthatbreakeasilyorbecomeoutdatedquickly,forcingconsumerstobuynewonesorpurchaseupgrades.We’renowseeingsomeproducersshowinterestinmakingitpossibleforuserstorepairthings.SomecompaniesaresellingofficialpartsandsharingtheirrepairguidesthroughiFixit.IFixithasgrownintoadatabasewithover100,000repairmanuals.Wehavethisvisionofaworldwhererepairistheexpectationforallthingsthataremade,”saysChamberlain,directorofiFixit.(“公司一直在設計容易損壞或很快過時的產(chǎn)品，迫使消費者購買新產(chǎn)品或購買升級產(chǎn)品。我們現(xiàn)在看到一些生產(chǎn)商對讓用戶能夠維修產(chǎn)品表現(xiàn)出興趣。一些公司正在通過iFixit銷售官方零件并分享其維修指南。iFixit已發(fā)展成為一個擁有超過10萬份維修手冊的數(shù)據(jù)庫。iFixit董事 Chamberlain表示：“我們有這樣一個愿景，在這個世界上，所有制造的東西都需要修復。”)”可知，他希望公司制作的產(chǎn)品能夠被修復，消費者也能積極的去修復使用這些東西，而不是去購買。由此可推知，Chamberlain對公司和消費者有一種渴望。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題3分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Awell-preparedroutineallowsastudenttobeontime,andgrowordevelopsomelifeskillsandhealthyhabits.Atanearlystage,asastudent,itisveryimportanttoadoptsomegoodhabits.Educatingastudentisnotonlyaboutacademicsbutalsoaboutdevelopinggoodhabitsforbetterlife._____11_____Aroutinedailylifecangrowachild’sconfidence.Aroutineprovidesasenseofpredictabilityandsecurityforstudents._____12_____Inthissecuresetting,studentsaremorelikelytofeelconfidentinapproachingtheirdailytasksandchallenges._____13_____!Maintainingawell-structuredroutineislikecreatingaroadmapforconcentrationandproductivity.Whenstudentssetasidespecifictimesfortheirstudies,theygetbetterattheirtaskswithoutgettingdistracted.Asstudentssystematicallymanagetheirdailytaskswithintheframeworkoftheirroutine,theycangraduallydevelopagrowingawarenessoftheirresponsibilities.Suchsenseofresponsibilityextendsbeyondtheacademicfieldandspillsoverintotheirpersonallives._____14_____Theywillbemoreresponsible.Whileroutinesprovidestructure,theyalsoteachstudentshowtoadapt._____15_____Whenstudentsencounterchanges,theylearntoadjusttheirexpectationsandplans.Theabilitytoadapttochangingcircumstancesisalsoessentialforsuccess.A.Aroutinehelpsstudentsfocus.B.Studentshatemeetingchanges.C.Confidenceisabasicrequirement.D.Routinescanincludeelementsofflexibility.E.Knowingwhattoexpecthelpsreduceuncertainty.F.Ahealthyroutinelaysthegroundforabrightfuture.G.Theywitnessthepositiveoutcomesofmeetingtheircommitments.【答案】11.F12.E13.A14.G15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了良好的生活慣例可以讓學生們養(yǎng)成一些生活技能和健康的生活習慣?！?1題詳解】上文“Educatingastudentisnotonlyaboutacademicsbutalsoaboutdevelopinggoodhabitsforbetterlife.(教育一個學生不僅要學習，還要養(yǎng)成更好的生活習慣)”說明要讓學生養(yǎng)成更好的生活習慣?？仗幒颓拔臉嫵梢蚬P系，說明健康的生活慣例帶來的結果。F項“健康的生活慣例為美好的未來奠定了基礎?！狈险Z境。故選F?！?2題詳解】上文“Aroutineprovidesasenseofpredictabilityandsecurityforstudents.

(生活慣例為學生提供了一種可預測性和安全感)”說明良好的生活慣例可讓學生預測將要發(fā)生什么，并給學生安全感?？仗幊猩蠁⑾拢珽項中的“Knowingwhattoexpect”和前文中的“asenseofpredictability”相呼應，“helpsreduceuncertainty”和下文中的“Inthissecuresetting”相呼應，說明了解預期要發(fā)生的事情有助于減少不確定性，這樣就會增加學生的安全感。所以E項“了解預期要發(fā)生的事情有助于減少不確定性”符合語境。故選E。13題詳解】下文“Maintainingawell-structuredroutineislikecreatingaroadmapforconcentrationandproductivity.

(維持一個結構良好的日常生活慣例就像是制定一個集中注意力和提高生產(chǎn)力的路線圖)”說明本段主要講述良好的日常慣例能夠幫助學生保持好的專注力，提高效率。A項“日常生活習慣有助于學生集中注意力?！边m合作本段的主旨句，統(tǒng)領全段。故選A。【14題詳解】上文“Asstudentssystematicallymanagetheirdailytaskswithintheframeworkoftheirroutine,theycangraduallydevelopagrowingawarenessoftheirresponsibilities.Suchsenseofresponsibilityextendsbeyondtheacademicfieldandspillsoverintotheirpersonallives.

(隨著學生在日常生活的框架內系統(tǒng)地管理他們的日常任務，他們可以逐漸培養(yǎng)對自己責任的日益認識。這種責任感超越了學術領域，滲透到了他們的個人生活中)”說明學生們通過良好的生活慣例可以培養(yǎng)對自己責任的認識?？仗庬樈忧拔?，說明責任感滲透到學生們的生活中后，他們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)履行承諾的積極成果，變得越來越有責任感。G項中的they指代前文中的students，說明G項“他們見證了履行承諾的積極成果。”符合語境。故選G。【15題詳解】上文“Whileroutinesprovidestructure,theyalsoteachstudentshowtoadapt.

(日常慣例提供結構的同時，也教會學生如何適應)”說明日常慣例教會學生們如何適應變化。空處承上啟下，D項中的“elementsofflexibility”和上文的“teachstudentshowtoadapt”相呼應，也和下文中的“theylearntoadjusttheirexpectationsandplans”相呼應。說明日常慣例可以包括靈活性元素，讓人們在改變中學會去適應。所以D項“日常習慣可以包括靈活性元素”符合語境。故選D。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。CessnaplanesflewmeandmyclimbingteamontotheKahiltnaGlacier,thebasecampofMt.McKinley.Whenweworkedto___16___acampoutofthethicksnowandiceoftheglacier,weheardoneofSpanishclimbershaddiedwhileclimbing.Sam,oneofmypartners,___17___,andworriedthatthisdisastermightbeabad___18___.Heaskedwhetherwewereputtingour___19___atunnecessaryriskbyattemptingthis.Ithoughtbacktomytrainingmorethanayearagointhe___20___,byrunningwithmyguidedogbecauseIamblind.OnedayIhad___21___acactus(仙人掌),landingonmyhand.Oneofmyfriendsaskedme,“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,howdoyou___22___toclimbthatbigmountain?”Ididn’tyethavean___23___,butIknewwithinayear,Iwouldhaveto!Forthenextyear,wetrainedhard.NowIsaid___24___,“Sam,we’vecomealongwayinayear.We’vemademistakes,we’velearnedfromthem.We’vesolvedproblems___25___preparedforallthethingsthatcouldgo___26___onthemountain.”Now,Ihadenough___27___.Webegantotakeeachstepslowlyandcarefully,knowingthatthemountainwouldnotallowany___28___movement.Riskislikethenext___29___onarockface:youreachforitexpectingthatit’s___30___,butreadytofindthenextholdifit’snot!Ittook15daysforustogettothetopofNorthAmerica.16.A.carve B.transform C.rent D.move17.A.escaped B.concentrated C.hesitated. D.lectured18.A.impression B.result C.credit D.sign19.A.hope B.equipment C.lives D.chances20.A.village B.desert C.forest D.lake21.A.sidedwith B.brokendown C.takenout D.trippedover22.A.expect B.register C.prefer D.aid23.A.appetite B.excuse C.answer D.apology24.A.joyfully B.firmly C.sadly D.frankly25.A.but B.because C.or D.so26.A.silent B.public C.missing D.wrong27.A.time B.faith C.patience D.money28.A.slight B.different C.careless D.individual29.A.centre B.step C.rope D.hold30.A.there B.here C.nowhere D.somewhere【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.C20.B21.D22.A23.C24.B25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.A【解析】【導語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和隊友去攀爬但是聽說一名西班牙登山者在攀登時死亡，有的伙伴動搖了。接下來作者和隊友艱苦訓練，如今已經(jīng)準備好攀爬?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們在冰川厚厚的冰雪中開辟營地時，我們聽說一名西班牙登山者在攀登時死亡。A.carve雕刻；開辟；B.transform轉換；C.rent租用；D.move移動。由下文“acampoutofthethicksnowandiceoftheglacier”可知，在冰雪中開辟營地，故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的合伙人之一薩姆猶豫了，擔心這場災難可能是一個壞兆頭。A.escaped逃脫；B.concentrated集中于；C.hesitated猶豫；D.lectured訓斥。由下文“worriedthat”可知，薩姆有所擔心，所以猶豫不決，故選C。【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的合伙人之一薩姆猶豫了，擔心這場災難可能是一個壞兆頭。A.impression印象；B.result結果；C.credit學分；D.sign跡象。由上文“worriedthatthisdisastermightbea”可知，薩姆擔心這場災難可能是一個壞兆頭，故選D。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他問我們這樣做是否會讓我們的生命面臨不必要的風險。A.hope希望；B.equipment設備；C.lives生命；D.chances機會。由上文“weheardoneofSpanishclimbershaddiedwhileclimbing.”可知，一名西班牙登山者在攀登時死亡，所以薩姆認為這樣會讓他們的生命面臨不必要的風險，故選C。【20題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我回想起一年多前在沙漠里訓練的情景，因為我是盲人，所以帶著導盲犬跑步。A.village村莊；B.desert沙漠；C.forest森林；D.lake湖泊。由下文“cactus(仙人掌)”和常識可知，一般沙漠里有仙人掌，所以他們在沙漠里訓練，下文“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,”也是提示，故選B。【21題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我被一棵仙人掌絆倒。A.sidedwith站在……一邊；B.brokendown出故障；C.takenout拿出；D.trippedover絆倒。由下文“l(fā)andingonmyhand.”可知，被仙人掌絆倒，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個朋友問我：“如果你在沙漠里摔倒了，你怎么指望爬上那座大山呢？”A.expect期望；B.register注冊；C.prefer更喜歡；D.aid幫助。由上文“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,howdoyou”可知，如果在沙漠里摔倒了，又怎么能指望爬上那座大山，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我還沒有答案，但我知道一年之內，我必須得到答案！A.appetite胃口；B.excuse借口；C.answer答案；D.apology道歉。此處是指對上文“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,howdoyou_______toclimbthatbigmountain?”這一問題沒有答案，故選C。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我堅定地說：“薩姆，一年來我們取得了很大的進步?！盇.joyfully高興地；B.firmly穩(wěn)定地；C.sadly傷心地；D.frankly真誠地。由上文“Forthenextyear,wetrainedhard.”可知，作者和隊友經(jīng)過了多年的訓練，所以作者堅定地說他們已經(jīng)取得了很多進步，故選B?！?5題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我們已經(jīng)解決了問題，但也為山上可能出現(xiàn)的所有問題做好了準備。A.but但是；B.because因為；C.or否則；D.so因此。上文“We’vesolvedproblems”和下文“preparedforallthethingsthatcouldgo_______onthemountain.””是轉折關系，應用but，故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們已經(jīng)解決了問題，但也為山上可能出現(xiàn)的所有問題做好了準備。A.silent沉默的；B.public公共的；C.missing丟失的；D.wrong錯誤的，不對勁的。由上文“preparedforallthethingsthatcouldgo”可知，作者已經(jīng)為可能出現(xiàn)的問題做好了準備，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我有了足夠的信心。A.time時間；B.faith信仰，信心；C.patience耐心；D.money金錢。由上文“Sam,we’vecomealongwayinayear.We’vemademistakes,we’velearnedfromthem.”可知，作者已經(jīng)有足夠的信心去攀爬，故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們開始緩慢而小心地邁出每一步，知道山上不允許有任何粗心的舉動。A.slight稍微的；B.different不同的；C.careless粗心的；D.individual個人的。由上文“Webegantotakeeachstepslowlyandcarefully,knowingthatthemountainwouldnotallowany”可知，作者他們開始緩慢而小心地邁出每一步，不允許有任何粗心舉動，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：風險就像巖石表面的下一個支撐點：你伸手去抓它，期望它在那里，但如果它不在那里，你就準備好尋找下一個支撐點！A.centre中心；B.step步伐；C.rope繩子；D.hold支撐點。由下文“youreachforit”可知，在攀爬時，應該是想抓住巖石下面的支撐點，由此可知，此處指風險就像巖石表面的下一個支撐點，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：風險就像巖石表面的下一個支撐點：你伸手去抓它，期望它在那里，但如果它不在那里，你就準備好尋找下一個支撐點！A.there里；B.here這里；C.nowhere沒有地方；D.somewhere某個地方。由上文“youreachforitexpectingthatit’s”可在，你伸手去抓支撐點，是因為你期望它在那里，故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Healthyeatingissomething____31____everyoneknowstheyshoulddo,butfewofusdoitas____32____(regular)aswewouldlike.Thepurposeofthisguideis____33____(share)practicalstrategiesonhowtoeathealthy.Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondessertsandsweetdrinks,becausesugarismoreakiller____34____fattyfood.Beyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferentcategoriesoffreshfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables,which____35____(be)fullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthan____36____(process)foods.Inaddition,itisalsoimportanttoincludesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet,astheyprovidenecessaryproteinforstrong____37____(bone)andmusclegrowth.Aswitheverythinginlife,moderationiscrucial.Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuch____38____toolittleofanyonething.Finally,afundamentalkeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly,____39____(allow)yourbodytodigestyourfoodbetter.Healthyeatingstartswithhavingahealthyattitudetowardsfood.Itisuptoyoutodecide____40____youwanttolive,andtomakerightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.【答案】31.that32.regularly33.toshare34.than35.are36.processed37.bones38.or39.allowing40.how【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了健康飲食的一些實用策略?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：健康飲食是每個人都知道自己應該做的事情，但我們中很少有人能像我們希望的那樣經(jīng)常這樣做。分析句子結構可知，空處引導限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞something。先行詞為不定代詞，在定語從句中作賓語，所以只能用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that。【32題詳解】考查副詞。句意：健康飲食是每個人都知道自己應該做的事情，但我們中很少有人能像我們希望的那樣經(jīng)常這樣做?？仗幮枰痹~修飾動詞do。故填regularly。【33題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：本指南旨在分享如何健康飲食的實用策略。分析句子結構可知，空處需要動詞不定式作表語，解釋主語的具體內容。故填toshare?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：如果你想保持健康，你必須減少甜點和甜飲料，因為糖比高脂肪食物更致命。根據(jù)空前more可知，此處需要介詞than“比”，構成“形容詞的比較級+than”的結構。故填than?！?5題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：除此之外，你還可以通過食用不同種類的新鮮食品來保持健康，尤其是富含維生素和纖維的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。分析句子結構可知，which引導非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞fruitandvegetables，在定語從句中作主語。定語從句為主系表結構，本句話描述一般事實，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。主語為復數(shù)，所以be動詞用are。故填are?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：除此之外，你還可以通過食用不同種類的新鮮食品來保持健康，尤其是富含維生素和纖維的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。分析句子結構可知，空處需要形容詞作定語修飾后面的名詞。process為名詞或動詞，其形容詞形式為processed“經(jīng)過加工的”。故填processed?！?7題詳解】考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。句意：此外，在飲食中加入一些肉類、豆類或乳制品也很重要，因為它們?yōu)閺娊」趋篮图∪馍L提供了必要的蛋白質。bone為可數(shù)名詞“骨骼”，此處需要該名詞的復數(shù)形式表示泛指。故填bones?！?8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：理想的飲食是均衡的，沒有太多或太少的某種東西。空處需要并列連詞連接空前的toomuch和toolittle。根據(jù)句意可知，理想飲食是均衡的，沒有太多或太少某種東西。所以空處需要選擇性并列連詞or“或者”。故填or?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最后，健康飲食的一個基本關鍵是慢慢吃，讓你的身體更好地消化你的食物。分析句子結構可知，空處需要非謂語動詞作結果狀語。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指意料之中的結果，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語。故填allowing?！?0題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：這取決于你決定你想要如何生活，并對你的飲食做出正確的決定。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中作方式狀語，表示“如何”。所以用how引導的賓語從句。故填how。第四部分語言知識(共兩節(jié),滿分20分)第一節(jié)(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)從詞匯框中選擇合適的單詞完成句子。initialvictimsbarrierblameconsistentbotherliquiddenyfreezeestimatebordergrasp41.Shechosenotto_________othersfortheresultbuttoseekasolution.42.Shefailedherdrivingtestonthe_________try,butpassedthenexttime.43.Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencepresented,hecontinuedto_________anyinvolvementintheincident.44.Herviewsandactionsare_________,showingarealmatchbetweenherbeliefsandbehavior.45.Wrapuporyou’ll_________todeath-seriously,it’sextremelycoldoutthere!46.Thisbridgecrossesthe_________betweenthetwoneighboringcountries,promotinginternationalcooperation.47.Lookathowthe_________ofsmokingaresuffering.Stopsmoking!48.Fatsaresolidatroomtemperature,andoilis_________atroomtemperature.49Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome-itdoesn’t_________me.50.Ifyoudon’taccurately_________thecostoftheproject,allyourhardworkwillbefruitless.【答案】41.blame42.initial43.deny44.consistent45.freeze46.border47.victims48.liquid49.bother50.