Unit1+Cultural+heritage+Discovering+Useful+Structures定語(yǔ)從句【知識(shí)精研+能力提升】高一英語(yǔ)人教版(2019)+必修第二冊(cè)+

Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresHeritageisourlegacy(遺產(chǎn))fromthepast,whatwelivewithtoday,andwhatwepassontofuturegenerations.WorldHeritageCentre1.GuidestudentstoknowhowtouseTheAttributiveClause.2.Designspecificsituationsforstudentstomakesmallconversitions.Note1:定語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)我們把一個(gè)句子用來(lái)做________去修飾一個(gè)_____________時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就稱為定語(yǔ)從句。Note2:被定語(yǔ)從句限定的詞叫做_________,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做___________，分別是_______________和___________。定語(yǔ)名詞或者代詞先行詞引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Review由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)，從句和主句就產(chǎn)生了關(guān)系，融合成了一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句定語(yǔ)從句的位置：InductionDiscussbrieflywithapartnerthemajorfunctionsofthem.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.通常在先行詞后。定語(yǔ)名詞或代詞定語(yǔ)從句本質(zhì)：一個(gè)句子作，緊緊跟在所修飾

（先行詞）的后面定語(yǔ)從句如何和主句連接在一起？關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用:(1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;(2)代替先行詞;(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

Revision定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾

。

名詞或代詞構(gòu)成：名詞或代詞+

+從句關(guān)系詞分類：限制性：

；

非限制性：

；說(shuō)明正在談?wù)摰娜?、物或事給出額外的補(bǔ)充信息關(guān)系代詞：

：指人，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；

：指人，作賓語(yǔ)；

：指事、物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；

：指人或事、物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；

：與所修飾的名詞為所屬關(guān)系，作定語(yǔ)；

：作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；

：作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；

：作原因狀語(yǔ)；whowhomwhichthatwhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)系副詞：特殊：as關(guān)系詞（先行詞）介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定從=介詞+which關(guān)系代詞可指代從句中的成分whowhomwhichthatwhose人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人賓語(yǔ)物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人、物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人、物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于被代替的先行詞在從句中作成分wherewhenwhyin,at等介詞+which表示地點(diǎn)的名詞at,in,on,during等介詞+which地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for+whichreason原因狀語(yǔ)①Doyouknowtheman____________istalkingwithyourmother?②Thisistheperson____________youshouldthankforhelpingyourson.③Thegirl____________graduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.④Ilikethosebooks____________topicsareabouthistory.⑤Anystudent____________familyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.⑥Look，herearesomepeople______________Iwantyoutomeet.whowho/whomwhowhosewhosewho/whom/thatExercises7.Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019年天津高考改)8.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.9.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.10.Thereason________heresignedisknowntous.wherewhenwherewhythat和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。Doyouhaveanything

thatyouwanttosayaboutthepainting?(1)先行詞為不定代詞all，much，little，something，everything，nothing，none等,that來(lái)把which踹。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.ThisisoneofthemostexcitingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.(2)先行詞被特定纏，that搶先把位占。(3)當(dāng)先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which只用that不用which的情況1．先行詞是不定代詞all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時(shí)。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthepainting?關(guān)于那幅畫(huà)你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或theonly，thevery(恰恰，正好)，thelast，all，no，few，little，any等修飾時(shí)。ThisisoneofthemostexcitingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最激動(dòng)人心的電影之一。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。3．先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就為我們所有人所欽佩。4．當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Beijingisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.北京不再是過(guò)去的那座城市了。5．當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。Whoisthepersonthatisstandinginfrontofthetemple?站在寺廟門(mén)口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？(4)當(dāng)先行詞既指人，又指物時(shí)。Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.(5)當(dāng)主句是以which,who,what開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?小試牛刀1.Theboyandthedog

areinthepictureareverylovely.

2.

Sheistheonlyperson

knowthetruth.3.

Inspiteofall

hasbeensaid,quitealotofpeoplearestilluncertainaboutthepricesofhousinginChina.

4.Itisthetallestbuilding

Daminghasseeneversincehecamehere.thatthatthatthatWhatisculturalheritage(site)?UserestrictiveclausestodescribeitCulturalheritageisthelegacythat/whichwaspasseddowntothepresentandfuturegenerationsfromthepast.CulturalheritagerepresentshistoricalandculturalvaluesofacountrythathavebeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationforthousandsofyearsCulturalheritagesiteisalsoatouristattractionwherevisitorscanenjoyuniqueviewsandexperiencelocalhistoryandculture.Culturalheritageneedsprotectionfromlotsofpeople

whoincludeexperts,scientists,engineers,volunteersandordinarypeople.Culturalheritageremindsusofatimewhenhumanscanachieveattheirfinest.TaketheAswanDamasanexampleandrole-playaconversationbetweenatouristandguide.Pleasetrytouserestrictiveclausestodescribetheplaceandpeopleingreaterdetails.Application（makeaconversation）TheAswanDam?location：adamacross()

?function：controlandbring...andsupply...intheareatohelp

()?haveaproblem:waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamage...anddestroyculturalrelics

wereanimportantpartof

()?findasolution:turnto

forhelpin1959.Thetemplesandother

weretakendown...,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace

theyweresafefromthewater?thousandsof

tookpartintheproject.?Theprojecttookover

yearstocompleteanditwassuccessful.?learntheinspiration:Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuture

didnotrunoverthe...theNileeconomicdevelopmentthat/which

Egypt’sculturalheritagetheUN

culturalsites

wherethat/whichengineersandworkers201.Whatistheyoungestage

apersoncanbeemployed?2.Iwillneverforgettheday

hepassedaway.3.Heistheman

shewenttoEurope.4.Imadealistofthemembers

Ihadreceivedreplies.

Preposition+RelativePronounatwhichonwhichfromwhomwithwhom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就出現(xiàn)了“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞通常用which或whom,

不能用that。“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾指物的先行詞，“介詞+whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾指人的先行詞。介詞+關(guān)系代詞Heisthemaninwhomyoucanbelieve.1.看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配。Hegavemesomebookswith

whichIamnotveryfamiliar.2.看介詞與先行詞搭配。Thisisourclassroominwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.The

farmonwhichmyfatherworksisfarfromthetown.3.根據(jù)句意而定。Thesoldier,withoutwhomIwouldn'thavesuvivedtheearthquake,retiredlastweek.如何判斷介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),如先行詞是物,關(guān)系代詞只能為which.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),如先行詞是人,關(guān)系代詞只能為whom.Ⅰ.用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空1.The

teacher______________I

learnt

most

was

Mrs

Zhu.from

whom2.This

is

the

house___________Lu

Xun

once

lived.in

which3.He

will

never

forget

the

day____________he

came

to

Shanghai.on

which4.Thereason___________IcamehereisthatIwantedtogetyourhelp.for

which5.The

fellow____________I

spoke

made

no

answer.to

whom6.This

is

the

shop___________my

daughter

works.in

which7.The

pencil_____________he

wrote

was

broken.with

which8.She

has

three

children,

all____________are

at

school.of

whom9.The

policeman____________the

thief

was

caught

is

an

old

man.by

whom10.I

was

surprised

at

the

way___________he

treated

the

old

man.in

whichThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan.Thegirlwithwhomyouworkishisgirlfriend.ThisisthebusinessforwhichIwasresponsible.介詞的選擇

Ⅰ

1.與從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞搭配Preposition+

RelativePronoun1.Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/thathespeaks.2.Thebikeonwhichheoftenridesneedsrepairing.3.Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhespeaks.介詞的選擇

Ⅱ2.與先行詞搭配Preposition+

RelativePronoun

介詞+關(guān)系代詞分析下列例句:Themanto

whomheistalkingismyfather.Thisisthepenwith

whichIwrotetheletter.注意：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)只能用which（指物）和whom（指人）。即：介詞+which/whom/whose1.介詞的選擇依據(jù)：①取決于從句中v/adj短語(yǔ)搭配

Thisisthebook_____whichIaminterestedThisisthebook_____whichIpaidtenyuan

②取決于先行詞（air,tree,building

）

Everyoneneedsair,_____whichwecouldn’tlive③取決于句意表達(dá)

Thisistheboy,_____whomIwenttoschool.inforwithoutwith注意：有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不可拆開(kāi)，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介詞移至whih或whom之前。2.復(fù)合介詞①ontopof/infrontof/atthebackof…which/whom+v+s

(完全倒裝）

Thisisthemountain,ontopofwhich

standsatree.②名詞/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/不定代詞/the+adj比較級(jí)/the+adj最高級(jí)+one+of

+which/whomTherearefivejudges,allofwhomagreeyouarethebestone.

區(qū)別：Therearefivejudges,andallofthemagreeyouarethebestone.Idon’tliketheway

in

which/that/不填hespeaks.2.與先行詞搭配介詞的選擇

Ⅱ注意：way(方式)為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用inwhich或that或省略。Preposition+

RelativePronoun1.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichwecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.2.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,withoutwhichtherewon’tbemuchwork.介詞的選擇

Ⅲ3.看句意看前看后看意思Preposition+

RelativePronounActivity1：Discovering1.Hewasasinger

withwhommanyteenagersarefamiliar.3.Theshow,atwhichweplayedourfirsthits,wasinAmerican.2.Heisagreatmusician,fromwhomwecanlearnalot.4.Healwayshelpedme,forwhichIwasverygrateful.5.Itwasaprison

fromwhichnoonecouldescape.Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Finding1:prep.+________

2:先行詞指物時(shí),用

3:先行詞指人時(shí),用which或whomwhichwhomActivity2：DiscoveringHowdowechoosethepreposition?1.Ihavenopenfriendto

whomIcanwrite.2.Ihavenopenwith

whichIcanwritetomyfriend.3.Canyouexplainthewordabout

whichIamnotsure

sothatIcanuseitinmyletter?4.CanIwritetoafriendwithwhomIamnotveryfamiliar?Finding:關(guān)于介詞的選擇，根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的________來(lái)確定。搭配3.當(dāng)抽象地點(diǎn)名詞：stage，point,situation,case,system,position,occasion,activity,job作先行詞，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用where引導(dǎo)Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoworkharder.

OccasionsarerarewhenIcanspendadaywithmydaughter.4.當(dāng)theway

作先行詞，表示方式、方法，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that/inwhich/省略引導(dǎo)

Idon’tliketheway_________________hetreatsme.that/inwhich/省略

定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Anyonewho________togocangetaticketintheoffice.Thosewho_______interestedintheexhibitioncansigntheirnameshere.Tomisoneoftheboyswho_______lateforschool.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_______lateforschool.wantsareareis

定語(yǔ)從句中that的省略that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省去thatIknowtheperson(that)youaretalkingto

Isthistheschool

youstudiedtenyearsago?

I’llneverforgettheday

Ifirstmether.

Thereason

shewasabsentwasthatshemissedthetrain.①“介詞+which”有時(shí)可與相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞互換inwhich/whereonwhich/whenforwhich/whyPreposition+

RelativePronounThisisthebook

I’mmostinterestedin.②介詞可后置，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省略。Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.③含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(which)Preposition+

RelativePronounSummary1.prep.+which/whom2.prep.的選擇根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配來(lái)確定。根據(jù)和先行詞邏輯關(guān)系或句意來(lái)確定。部分和整體的所屬關(guān)系，尤其有數(shù)量關(guān)系時(shí)，介詞常用“of”。部分“prep+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)可和關(guān)系副詞替換1.Heisthemanwhomyoucanrely.2.Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewall