2024年職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級(jí)試題

2024年度全國(guó)職稱外語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試試卷理工類B級(jí)第1局部：詞匯選項(xiàng)〔第1～15題，每題1分，共15分〕下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線,請(qǐng)為每處劃線局部確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.Shefoundmeverydull.AdirtyBsleepyClazyDboring2.ThePresidentmadeabriefvisittoBeijing.AshortBworkingCformaDsecret3.Hewaspersuadedtogiveuptheidea.AmentionBacceptCconsiderDdrop4.Jackconsumesapoundofcheeseaday.AeatsBdrinksCbuysDproduces5.Maryjusttoldusaveryfascinatingstory.AstrangeBfrighteningCdifficultDinteresting6.It'sagorgeousdayanyway.AlovelyBcoldCnormalDrainy7.Herlifeisbecomingmorediverse.AgenerousBhumorousCvariedDromantic8.Foreignmilitaryaidwasprolongingthewar.AbroadeningBworseningCextendingDaccelerating9.Shewasunwillingtogobutshehadnochoice.AunableBindecisiveCreadyDreluctant10.Sheisslender,withdelicatewristsandankles.AsickBweakCslimDpale11.Withimmenserelief,stoppedrunning.AsomeBenormousClittleDextensive12.Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate13.Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.AhitBpassedCreachedDled14.Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise15.Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame第2局部：閱讀判斷〔第16～22題,每題1分,共7分〕[暫無(wú)]第3局部：概括大意與完成句子〔第23—30題,每題1分,共8分〕下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)最正確標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。TheSupercomputerNetwork1 Recently,tenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycan“talk〞toeachother.Thismaynotseemverydramaticnews,butitisthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillincreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.2 TheInternetisaninterconnected〔互聯(lián)〕systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheIntermitisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload〔下載〕files,howmuchdatayoucanstore,etc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslow,accessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.3 Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalled“thegrid〞〔網(wǎng)格技術(shù)〕,anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.The“grid〞willworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternetenablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformation,youwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.4 Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.The“grid〞willdecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerInJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.5 The“grid〞canbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangaveyourassistantataskand“he〞willdoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearch,collectthedata,comparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentersinthe“grid〞thathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Ailyouhavetodoisassignthetask,sitbackandwait.6 Atpresent,possibleapplicationsofthe“grid〞inscientificresearcharebeingexplored.WhileithastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespread,expertsbelievethatthe“grid〞couldbeusandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworking“grid〞projectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.AHowdoesthe“grid〞AHowdoesthe“grid〞work?BPowersharedCJustmakearequestDLimitationsofpresentInternetuseEDistanceisnotaproblemFAnewerafortheInternet24Paragraph3____________25Paragraph4____________26Paragraph5____________27Traditionallythepowerofyourcomputerdetermineshowfastyoucanaccess____________28The“grid〞willenableyoutogetonyourcomputerthepowerof___________29The“grid〞wouldbelike____________whocanperformyourtasksefficiently30Itisbelievedthatthewidespreaduseofthe“grid〞willbecomepossibleinthenext__________AthebiggercomputerstationsAthebiggercomputerstationsBtheadvantageCtenyearsDinformationEyourpersonalassistantFfifteenyears第4局部：閱讀理解〔第31—45題,每題3分,共45分〕下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。第一篇SunspotsIt'snotsurprisingthatsunspots〔太陽(yáng)黑子〕wereobservedbyancientastronomers〔天文學(xué)家〕.Thelargestsoupspoonthesuncanbeseenwithoutatelescope.Itwasnotuntiltheinventionofthetelescope〔望遠(yuǎn)鏡〕intheearly17thcentury,however,thatsystematicstudiesofsunspotscouldbeundertaken.ThegreatastronomerGalileowasamongthefirsttomaketelescopicobservationsofsunspots.Sunspotsareregionsofextremelystrongmagneticfields〔磁場(chǎng)〕foundonthesun’ssurface.Asunspothasadarkcentralcoreknownastheumbra.Theumbraissurroundedbyadarkringcalledthepenumbra,wherethemagneticfieldspreadsoutward.Sunspotsappeardarkbecausetheyaregivingofflessradiation.Theyarecoolerthantherestofthesun’ssurface.Sunspotsarefrequentlyobservedinpairsofinpairedgroups.Themembersofaspotpairareidentifiedastheleadingspotandthefollowingspot.TheyareidentifiedbytheirpositioninthepairintermsofthedirectioninWhichthesunrotates〔旋轉(zhuǎn)〕.Thenumberofsunspotsatanyonetimevaries.Alargespotgroupmayconsistofasmanyas10groupsand300spotsacrossthesun.Thenumberofspotschangesinafairlyregularpatterncalledthesunspotcycle.Thelargestnumberoccursaboutevery11years.AtsunspotminimL{m,thereareatmostjustafewsmallspots.Theaveragelifetimeofanindividualspotgroupisroughlyonesolarrotation,whichisabout25days.Themostpersistentlargeslops,howevercansurvivefortwotothreemonths.31.CarefulobservationsandsystematicstudiesofsunspotsA.weremadebyancientastronomers.B.startedintheearly17thcentury.C.weremadebyGalileoonly.D.couldbemadewithoutatelescope.32.Sunspotsarecoolerthantherestofthesun'ssurfacebecauseA.theyproducelessenergy.B.theyareburiedinthesun.C.theyarefarawayfrommagneticfields.D.theyareclosetomagneticfields.33TheleadingspotandthefollowingspotarethenamesofA.twolargesunspots.B.alargespotandasmallspot.C.thetwospotsinaspotpair.D.thecentralcoreandtheringaroundit.34.Infinitenesssunspotactivityhadoccurredin1857,thenextonewouldhavebeeninA.1858.B.1862.C.1865D.186835Inthelastparagraphtheword"persistentmeansA.important.B.effective.C.enduring.D.visible.第二篇WhereHaveAlltheBeesGone?Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacrossthecountry,honeybeesareleavingtheirhives〔蜂巢〕andneverreturning.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse〔群體癱瘓〕disorder.Itisreposedthat25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUShavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,noonecanexplainwhy.Colonycollapseisaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantroleintheproductionofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed,honeybeesspreadpollen〔花粉〕fromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess,aplantcan’tproduceseedsorfruits.Now,agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigureoutwhat’scausingthealarmingcollapseofsomanycolonies.Theyhopetofindoutwhat’scontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbeedisappearanceinthefuture.Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplorethatpossibility,JayEvans,aresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture〔SDA〕BeeResearchLaboratory,examinesbeestakenfromcoloniesthatarecollapsing.“Weknowwhatahealthybeeshouldlooklikeontheinsideandwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdisease.〞hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsingcoloniesdon’tlookveryhealthy.“Theirstomachsareworndowncomparedtothestomachsofhealthybees,〞Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasite〔寄生蟲〕makingthebees’digestiveorgans.Theirimmune〔免疫的〕systemsmaynotbeworkingastheyshould.Moreover,theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.Anothercauseofcolony-collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthatfarmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops,saysJerryHayes,chiefbeeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture.Somestudies,hesays,suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticide〔殺蟲劑〕affectsthehoneybee’snewelssystemandmemory.“Itseemslikehoneybeesaregoingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo,〞hesays.Ifitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse,bees’genescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferentgenesagrouphas,thehigherthegroup’sgeneticdiversity.Sofarscientistshaven’tdeterminedtheroleofgeneticdiversityincolonycollapse,butit'sapromisingtheory,saysEvans.36.Whatisthemysterythatresearchersfindhardtoexplain?A.Honeybeesareflyingallacrossthecountry.B.HalfofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied.C.Honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesanddonotreturn.D.Honeybeehivesareindisorder.37.Researchersareseriouslyconcernedwiththephenomenonofcolony—collapsedisorderbecauseA.honeybeeshelpproduceone-thirdofthefoodsweeatB.parasitesonbeesmayspreadeverywhere.C.honeybeescannotfindenoughfoodelsewhere.D.honeybeesfeedonflowers.38.Whichofthefollowingisapossiblecauseofthecolony-collapsedisorder?A.Populationexplosion.B.Decreasingnumberofflowersaround.C.Geneticallymodifiedproducts.D.Diseasesandchemicals.39.WhichofthefollowingexplanationsisgivenbyJerryHayestothephenomenon?A.Bee-keepersdonotunderstandthehoneybee’sbehavior.B.Acertaintypeofchemicaldestroysthehoneybee’snewelssystem.C.Honeybeesareinfectedbyunwantedinsects.D.Somecropsarepoisonoustothehoneybees.40.Theword“diversity’inthelastparagraphmeansA.variety.B.makeup.C.disorder.D.distinction.第三篇ATaleofScottishRuralLifeLewisGrassesGibbon’sSunsetSong(1932)wasvoted“thebestScottishnovelofalltime〞byScotland’sreadingpublicin2024.OnceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspectsofthelivesofScotland’spoorruralfarmers,ithasbeenadaptedforstage,film,TVandradioinrecentdecades.ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinAddie,inthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWarI.AtitsheartisthestoryofChris,whoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit.GrassesGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelifeofhisheroine〔女主人公〕.Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard—workingfather；experiencetragedy(hermother’ssuicideandmurderofhertwinchildren);andlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoawoman.Weseehermarry,Loseherhusband,thenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannot,believethatsheisthecreationofaman.ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinAddie’slonghistory,inalanguagethatimitatestheplace’schangingpatternsofspeechandwriting.Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.ItistoldfromChris’pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunity,acommunitywhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelse’sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten.SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassesGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWarI.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthewar.Despitethis,thewartakestheyoungmenaway,anumberofthemtotheirdeaths.Inparticular,ittakesawayChris’husband,EvanAvondale.ThewarfinallykillsEvan,butnotinthewayhiswidowistold,Infact.TheGermansaren’tresponsibleforhisdeath,buthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle.Ifthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksahead.Itisa“SunsetSong〞butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinAddie,indeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassesGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory.41.WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?A.TheFirstWorldWar.B.Thebeautyofthesunset.C.ThenewEuropeanworld.D.ThelivesofruralScottishfarmers42.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?A.SheistheheroineofSunsetSong.B.Shehadamiserablechildhood.C.Sheisthecreationofman.D.Shemarriedonlyonce.43.Whatistheopeningsectionofthenovelmainlyconcernedwith?A.TheclimateofKinAddie.B.ThehistoryofKinAddie.C.ThegeographyofKinAddie.D.ThelanguagespokeninKinAddie.44.WhokilledChris’husband,Evan?A.Hisowntroops.B.TheFrencharmyC.TheGermans.D.TheRussiansoldiers.45.Theword“Sunset〞inthetitleofthisnovelmostprobablymeansA.theendoftheheroine’slife.B.theendoftenstory.C.theendofthetraditionalwayoflife.D.theendoftheday.第5局部：補(bǔ)全短文〔第46～50題，每題2分，共10分〕下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。RisingTuitionintheUSEveryspring,USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear’sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalaries,utilitycostsfordormitories,newbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbersandconclude—itseems,inevitably—that,yetagain,thecostoftuitionmustgoup.AccordingtotheUS’sCollegeBoard,thepriceofattendingafour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween2024and2024,thenumberscontinuedtorisein1993and2024.________(46)Accordingtouniversityofficials,collegecostincreasesaresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.“TuitionincreasesatCedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenueneedsforeachyear,〞saidtheuniversity’spresident,DrBillBrown.“Studenttuitionpaysfor78percentoftheuniversity’soperatingcosts.〞Brown’sschoolisaprivateuniversitythatenrollsabout3,100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognizedbyannualcollegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport’sandThePrincetonReview’s.Tuitionatprivateuniversitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthensentforapprovaltotheschool’sboardoftrustees〔監(jiān)管〕allofastate’spublicinstitutions.JohnDurham,assistantsecretary〔董事〕________(48)ThisboardoverseestotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversity(ECU),explainsthatstatelawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservicesavailablewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.DurhamsaidthatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostoftheireducation._____(49)StateresidentsattendingECUpayaboutus$10,000fortuitionroomandboardbeforefinancialaid.Amidthenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecosts,however,thereissomegoodnews.Tuitionincreaseshavebeenaccompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesinfinancialaidatalmosteveryuniversity.Toreceivefinancialaid,USstudentscompleteaformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederalgovernmentthendecideswhittleranapplicantiseligible〔有資格的〕forgrantsorloans.________(50)A.Theapplicationisthensenttothestudent'suniversity,wheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoneywillbegiventothestudentandhowmuchB.Atpublicuniversities,however,tuitionincreasesmustalsobeapprovedbyastateeducationcommittee,sometimescalledtheboardofgovernorsC.TheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$23,410ayearfortuition.D.ManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopaythegrowingcostoffoodE.That'smorethandoubletherateofinflation.F.Thestategovernmentcoverstherest第6局部：完形填空〔第51～65題,每題1分,共15分〕下面的短文有15處空白,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。PaperorPlastic?TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBay,andyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir_______(51)intolocalwaterwaysand,fromthere,intothebay,wheretheycan________(52)wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills〔垃圾填埋地〕andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll〔代價(jià)〕inthe__________(53)ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethemEnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags_______(54)freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman〔市議員〕SamShoeshinehasintroducedawell-meaning_______(55)tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsupMaryland’scapital.Instead,retailerswouldberequiredto_______(56)recycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis_______(57)asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe_______(58),however,arguethatpaperbagsareharmful,too：Theycostmoretomake;they_______(59)moreres