海南省2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題【含答案解析】

海南省2023—2024學(xué)年高二年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)水平診斷(一)英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whydoesthewomancongratulatetheman?AHewaspraised.B.Hegotajob.C.Helearnednewskills.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thenotesarelikepictures.B.Thehandwritingisterrible.C.Thewomanwritestoomuch.3.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisweekend?A.Stormy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.4.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Therailwaystation.B.Thebusstation.C.Thelibrary.5.Whendoesthemanplantoreachthestation?A.At4:30.B.At5:00.C.At5:30.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewoman?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Acoach.7.Whathappenedtothemanamonthago?A.Helosthissuitcase.B.Hegothisbackinjured.C.Hegavehisneighborasuitcase.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inanoffice.B.Inatheatre.C.Inastore.9.HowmanysweatersdoesLucybuyforherself?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Sisterandbrother.C.Customerandsalesgirl.11.Whydidthewomangetacreditcard?A.Tobuildagoodcreditrating.B.Tobuythingsatalowprice.C.Toavoidcarryingcash.12.Howdoesthewomanplantopayoffthecreditcardbill?A.Bysavingmoney.B.Byearningmoneybyherself.C.Byusingherbirthdaymoney.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’sbehavior?A.Satisfying.B.Crazy.C.Reasonable.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacinema.B.Inthewild.C.Athome.15.Whatdisappointedthemanspeakeraboutthemovie?A.Thespecialeffects.B.Theacting.C.Thestory.16.Whoisunusualinthewoman’sopinion?A.Thedoctor.B.Theofficer.C.Thecaptain.17.Whatdidthemanspeakerdoduringthemovie?A.Hefellasleep.B.Hekeptlaughing.C.Hearguedwiththewoman.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhydidFelixgiveupstudyingengineering?A.Hedidn’tliketheprofessor.B.Hewasbadlytreatedbyhisclassmates.C.Hehadnoconfidenceinlearningitwell.19.WhattalentdidFelixhave?A.Managingabusiness.B.Communicatingwithothers.C.Countingnumbers.20.WheredidFelixgethisfirstjob?A.InJapan.B.InCanada.C.IntheUSA.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHerearefouruniversitiesinMunich,Germanythatofferfreetuitionfortheirstudents.TechnicalUniversityofMunich(TUM)ThisuniversityisthebesttechnicaluniversityinGermany.Itwasestablishedin1868byKingLudwigⅡ.TheuniversitywasrenamedTechnischeUniversitatMünchenin1970.Itsalumni(校友)haveseveralNobelPrizewinners,includingKonradEmilBlochforMedicineorPhysiologyandRobertHuberforChemistry.ThisuniversityoffersundergraduatedegreesinAerospaceEngineering,ChemicalEngineering,NuclearTechnologyandothers.MunichUniversityofAppliedSciences(MUAS)Establishedin1971,theuniversityisthebiggestuniversityofappliedscienceinBavaria.Itsestablishmentwastheresultofsevencollegesofhighereducationjoiningtogether.Itoffersavarietyofbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesindifferentsubjects.Italsoworkswitharound200differenteducationalinstitutionsaroundtheworld.LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich(LMUM)ThisisapublicuniversityestablishedbytheDukeLudwigIXofBavaria-Landshutin1472.ItwasrenameditspresentnameinhonorofthefounderoftheuniversitybyKingMaximilianI.Theuniversitycountsseveralfamouspersonalitiesamongitsalumni,includingPopeBenedictXVI,2005NobelPrizewinnerinphysicsTheodorW.Hansch,andNobelPrize-winningnovelistThomasMann.UniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich(UT&FM)Establishedin1966,theuniversityisoneofthemostfamousfilmschoolsinGermany.Ithasstrictguidelineswhenitcomestotheadmissionofstudents.SomeofthealumnioftheuniversityhavereceivedtheAcademyAward.Amongthebetter-knownalumniisFlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck,whowonanAcademyAwardin2007forTheLivesofOthers.1.WhatisspecialaboutMunichUniversityofAppliedSciences?A.ItisthebiggestuniversityinGermany.B.Itfocusesontrainingtalentsofscience.C.IthassomeNobelPrizewinnersinitsalumni.D.Itwasfoundedbycombiningseveralcolleges.2.WhograduatedfromUniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich?A.PopeBenedictXVI. B.FlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck.C.KonradEmilBloch. D.ThomasMann.3.Whichuniversityhasthelongesthistory?A.TUM. B.MUAS. C.LMUM. D.UT&FM.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了德國(guó)慕尼黑的四所大學(xué)，包括其歷史、專業(yè)和知名校友等?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章MunichUniversityofAppliedSciences(MUAS)部分中的“Itsestablishmentwastheresultofsevencollegesofhighereducationjoiningtogether.(它的成立是七所高等教育學(xué)院聯(lián)合起來的結(jié)果。)”可知，慕尼黑應(yīng)用科技大學(xué)的獨(dú)特之處是它由幾所大學(xué)合并而來。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章UniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich部分中的“SomeofthealumnioftheuniversityhavereceivedtheAcademyAward.Amongthebetter-knownalumniisFlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck,whowonanAcademyAwardin2007forTheLivesofOthers.(這所大學(xué)的一些校友獲得過奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)。弗洛里安·漢高·馮·多納斯馬克是其中比較知名的校友，他在2007年憑借《他人的生活》獲得了奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)。)”可知，F(xiàn)lorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck畢業(yè)于慕尼黑影視大學(xué)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章TechnicalUniversityofMunich(TUM)部分中的“Itwasestablishedin1868byKingLudwigⅡ.(它由路德維希二世于1868年建立。)”、“MunichUniversityofAppliedSciences(MUAS)”部分中的“Establishedin1971,theuniversityisthebiggestuniversityofappliedscienceinBavaria.(該大學(xué)成立于1971年，是巴伐利亞州最大的應(yīng)用科學(xué)大學(xué)。)”、“LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich(LMUM)”部分中的“ThisisapublicuniversityestablishedbytheDukeLudwigIXofBavaria-Landshutin1472.(這是一所由巴伐利亞-蘭茨胡特公爵路德維希九世于1472年建立的公立大學(xué)。)”以及“UniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich(UT&FM)”部分中的“Establishedin1966,theuniversityisoneofthemostfamousfilmschoolsinGermany.(該大學(xué)成立于1966年，是德國(guó)最著名的電影學(xué)院之一。)”可知，LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich(LMUM)的歷史最為悠久。故選C。BOntheeveningofJune22,aKunquOperaperformancetitledThePeonyPaviliontooktothestageofBeijing’sNorthernKunquOperaTheater,starringWeiChunrongintheroleofthefemaleprotagonist(主角),DuLiniang.Despitehavingperformedthepartonstageover300times,Weistillarrivedatthetheaterfourhoursearly,beingthefirstactressbackstagetogethermakeupdoneandchecktheequipment.Thisisahabitshe’smaintainedeversincefirstenteringtheworldofKunquin1982.KunquOperaoriginatedinJiangsuProvincesome600yearsago.AsoneoftheoldesttraditionalChineseoperas,Kunquisregardedasthe“ancestorofChinesedramas”andthe“motherofChineseoperas”.KunquOperaprospered(興盛)duringtheMingDynasty,butsuddenlyexperiencedadownturninthemid-QingDynasty.Itslyrics(歌詞),originallyflowery,eventuallybecamenon-understandable,whileitsmelodiessloweddowntowhatsomepeoplecalleda“funereallevel”.Kunquthereforebecameunacceptabletoallbutasmallnumberoffans.ButwhenUNESCOofficiallylistedKunquOperaasintangibleculturalheritagein2001,itreturnedtothespotlight.“Whenourapplicationprovedsuccessful,wewereallsohappyandproud.However,Isuddenlyrealizedthatitactuallymeantitsdecline(衰退)andthatitrequiredprotection.”Sincethen,WeihasdevotedherselftopreservingandpassingonherbelovedartofKunquOpera.ToaddressthelackofyoungtalentinKunquOpera,Weiherselftodayalsoteachesyoungeractors,doingforthemwhatherteachersdidforher.Offstage,Weiistheirfriend;onstage,sheaimstobringoutthebestinthemasperformersoftheartthroughhermasterlyknowhowandstrictdemands.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeWeiaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Devoted. B.Creative. C.Promising. D.Curious.5.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheKunquOpera?A.Itistheoldestopera. B.Itisespeciallypopularwiththeyoung.C.Itoncelostitsappeal. D.Itslyricsarelonganddifficult.6.WhatisWeidoingtoprotectKunquOpera?A.Promotingherselfasamaster.B.Passingitdowntoayoungergeneration.C.Gettingpeopletolearnmoreaboutitshistory.D.Givingasmanyperformancesaspossibleglobally.7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KunquOpera—IntangibleCulturalHeritageB.KunquOpera—fromProsperitytoDeclineC.TheOriginandHistoryoftheKunquOperaD.OneMaster’sCommitmenttotheKunquOpera【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于昆曲表演藝術(shù)家魏春榮的故事，包括她對(duì)昆曲的熱愛、對(duì)藝術(shù)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)態(tài)度以及她為傳承昆曲所做出的努力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OntheeveningofJune22,aKunquOperaperformancetitledThePeonyPaviliontooktothestageofBeijing’sNorthernKunquOperaTheater,starringWeiChunrongintheroleofthefemaleprotagonist(主角),DuLiniang.Despitehavingperformedthepartonstageover300times,Weistillarrivedatthetheaterfourhoursearly,beingthefirstactressbackstagetogethermakeupdoneandchecktheequipment.Thisisahabitshe’smaintainedeversincefirstenteringtheworldofKunquin1982.(6月22日晚，一場(chǎng)名為《牡丹亭》的昆曲演出登上了北京北方昆劇院的舞臺(tái)，由魏春榮飾演女主角杜麗娘。盡管這個(gè)角色已經(jīng)在舞臺(tái)上表演了300多次，但魏還是提前了4個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)劇院，成為第一個(gè)在后臺(tái)化妝和檢查設(shè)備的女演員。這是她自1982年第一次進(jìn)入昆曲世界以來一直保持的習(xí)慣。)”可知，魏進(jìn)入昆曲世界以來，一直都對(duì)這份工作非常投入，盡管表演過多次，仍然提前了4個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)劇院。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“KunquOperaprospered(興盛)duringtheMingDynasty,butsuddenlyexperiencedadownturninthemid-QingDynasty.Itslyrics(歌詞),originallyflowery,eventuallybecamenon-understandable,whileitsmelodiessloweddowntowhatsomepeoplecalleda“funereallevel”.Kunquthereforebecameunacceptabletoallbutasmallnumberoffans.(昆曲在明代興盛，但在清代中期突然陷入低迷。它的歌詞，原本華麗，最終變得難以理解，而它的旋律放慢到一些人所謂的“葬禮水平”。因此，除了少數(shù)愛好者外，昆曲對(duì)所有人來說都是不可接受的。)”可知，昆曲曾經(jīng)一度失去了吸引力，很多人都不接受昆曲。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ToaddressthelackofyoungtalentinKunquOpera,Weiherselftodayalsoteachesyoungeractors,doingforthemwhatherteachersdidforher.Offstage,Weiistheirfriend;onstage,sheaimstobringoutthebestinthemasperformersoftheartthroughhermasterlyknowhowandstrictdemands.(為了解決昆曲中缺乏年輕人才的問題，魏老師現(xiàn)在也教年輕的演員，就像她的老師教她一樣。在臺(tái)下，魏是他們的朋友；在舞臺(tái)上，她的目標(biāo)是通過精湛的技術(shù)和嚴(yán)格的要求，使他們成為藝術(shù)表演者。)”可知，魏為了保護(hù)昆曲將昆曲傳給了年輕一代。故選B。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OntheeveningofJune22,aKunquOperaperformancetitledThePeonyPaviliontooktothestageofBeijing’sNorthernKunquOperaTheater,starringWeiChunrongintheroleofthefemaleprotagonist(主角),DuLiniang.Despitehavingperformedthepartonstageover300times,Weistillarrivedatthetheaterfourhoursearly,beingthefirstactressbackstagetogethermakeupdoneandchecktheequipment.Thisisahabitshe’smaintainedeversincefirstenteringtheworldofKunquin1982.(6月22日晚，一場(chǎng)名為《牡丹亭》的昆曲演出登上了北京北方昆劇院的舞臺(tái)，由魏春榮飾演女主角杜麗娘。盡管這個(gè)角色已經(jīng)在舞臺(tái)上表演了300多次，但魏還是提前了4個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)劇院，成為第一個(gè)在后臺(tái)化妝和檢查設(shè)備的女演員。這是她自1982年第一次進(jìn)入昆曲世界以來一直保持的習(xí)慣。)”、文章最后一段“ToaddressthelackofyoungtalentinKunquOpera,Weiherselftodayalsoteachesyoungeractors,doingforthemwhatherteachersdidforher.Offstage,Weiistheirfriend;onstage,sheaimstobringoutthebestinthemasperformersoftheartthroughhermasterlyknowhowandstrictdemands.(為了解決昆曲中缺乏年輕人才的問題，魏老師現(xiàn)在也教年輕的演員，就像她的老師教她一樣。在臺(tái)下，魏是他們的朋友；在舞臺(tái)上，她的目標(biāo)是通過精湛的技術(shù)和嚴(yán)格的要求，使他們成為藝術(shù)表演者。)”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了昆曲表演藝術(shù)家魏春榮對(duì)昆曲的熱愛和為傳承昆曲所做出的努力，因此最合適的標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)D“OneMaster’sCommitmenttotheKunquOpera(一位大師對(duì)昆曲的獻(xiàn)身)”。故選D。CIntheanimalkingdom,therearemanyspeciesthatgivebirthtospottedyoung,fromdeertobirdsandfish.Evenspeciesthatwedon’ttypicallylinkwithspots,suchaslions,wearthepatternasbabies,onlytoloseitlaterinlife.Butwhatpurposedothesespotsserve,andwhydoonlysomespeciesseemtohavethem?KiyokoGotanda,abiologistatBrockUniversity,saiditislikelysocommonbecauseitfunctionsasexcellentcamouflage.Forexample,spottedyoungtendtobemorecommoninspeciesthatliveinhabitatswithsomehighgrassorforests,andlesscommoninenvironmentsthatareplain,likepackice.Indeed,babyseals(海豹)bornonpackicearepurewhite,anddevelopspotsonlywhentheyleavetheiceforrockybeachesbecausespotsareeasytobeseenonpackice,whichmaygetthemintodifficulties.Inotherrarercases,spotsactuallyhelpbabiesstandout.Younggaribaldi,afishfoundinCalifornia—havebright-bluespotsthatadvertisetheirlowsocialpositions.Asthefishgrowandstarttoengageinthesocialrankingorder,theirspotsdisappear.Otherspeciesmaylosetheirspotsastheyagebecausetheircolorgoesontoserveanotherpurpose.Lionsarebornwithmanyspots,yetthespotsmostlydisappearinadulthood.Males,inparticular,tradetheirspotsforthickhair,whichcanhelpthemattractfemaleones.Reproducing,ratherthanhiding,becomesthemainfocus.It’sunclearwhyananimallikeacheetahwouldmaintainitsspotswhilealiondoesn’t.Gotandasaiditmaycomedowntohuntingpractice.Lionshuntingroups,whilecheetahstendtohuntaloneandrelymoreheavilyonthesmokescreenpoweroftheirspotstogetnearprey(獵物).8.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“camouflage”inparagraph2?A.Guidance. B.Reminder. C.Attractant. D.Protection.9.Whichyounganimalsusespotstomarktheiridentity?A.Cheetahs. B.Seals. C.Garibaldi. D.Lions.10.WhichstatementmightGotandaagreewith?A.Whitespotsneedmoreenergytogrowandmaintain.B.Thewayofhuntingmayaffecttheexistenceofspots.C.Malelionstendtousespotstoattractstrongfemaleones.D.Spottedyounganimalsoftenappearinfeaturelessenvironments.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.Howspotshelpanimalsescapedanger.B.Whysomanybabyanimalshavespots.C.Whichkindofyounganimalshavespots.D.Whatmighthappentospottedyounganimals.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了為什么一些物種幼年時(shí)身上會(huì)長(zhǎng)斑點(diǎn)的原因及斑點(diǎn)的用途?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由第二段中“KiyokoGotanda,abiologistatBrockUniversity,saiditislikelysocommonbecauseitfunctionsasexcellentcamouflage.(布洛克大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家KiyokoGotanda說，斑點(diǎn)之所以如此常見，可能是因?yàn)樗哂谐錾腸amouflage功能)”和第三段中“Indeed,babyseals(海豹)bornonpackicearepurewhite,anddevelopspotsonlywhentheyleavetheiceforrockybeachesbecausespotsareeasytobeseenonpackice,whichmaygetthemintodifficulties.(事實(shí)上，在浮冰上出生的海豹幼崽是純白的，只有當(dāng)它們離開冰面前往巖石海灘時(shí)才會(huì)長(zhǎng)出斑點(diǎn)，因?yàn)楦”虾苋菀卓吹桨唿c(diǎn)，這可能會(huì)給它們帶來困難)”的具體舉例可知，海豹幼崽出生時(shí)是純白的，和浮冰顏色一致，如果剛出生時(shí)就長(zhǎng)斑點(diǎn)，這對(duì)海豹幼崽來說很危險(xiǎn)，而離開冰面前往巖石海灘時(shí)才會(huì)長(zhǎng)出斑點(diǎn)，這時(shí)整體顏色會(huì)和巖石海灘一致，所以長(zhǎng)斑點(diǎn)成為了融入周圍環(huán)境的保護(hù)色，劃線詞意為“保護(hù)（Protection）”。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中“Younggaribaldi,afishfoundinCalifornia—havebright-bluespotsthatadvertisetheirlowsocialpositions.Asthefishgrowandstarttoengageinthesocialrankingorder,theirspotsdisappear.(加利福尼亞州發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種年幼的Garibaldi魚有明亮的藍(lán)色斑點(diǎn)，這表明它們的社會(huì)地位低下。隨著魚的生長(zhǎng)并開始按照社會(huì)排名順序排列，它們的斑點(diǎn)就會(huì)消失)”可知，Garibaldi魚用斑點(diǎn)來標(biāo)記自己的地位身份。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“It’sunclearwhyananimallikeacheetahwouldmaintainitsspotswhilealiondoesn’t.Gotandasaiditmaycomedowntohuntingpractice.Lionshuntingroups,whilecheetahstendtohuntaloneandrelymoreheavilyonthesmokescreenpoweroftheirspotstogetnearprey(獵物).(目前還不清楚為什么像獵豹這樣的動(dòng)物會(huì)保持自己的斑點(diǎn)，而獅子卻不會(huì)。Gotanda說，這可能歸結(jié)為狩獵習(xí)慣。獅子成群狩獵，而獵豹?jiǎng)t傾向于獨(dú)自狩獵，更依賴它們斑點(diǎn)的煙幕彈力量接近獵物)”可知，獵豹長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)保持自己的斑點(diǎn)，而獅子卻不會(huì)，Gotanda認(rèn)為斑點(diǎn)的存在與兩種動(dòng)物的狩獵習(xí)慣有關(guān)。由此推知，Gotanda會(huì)認(rèn)同“狩獵方式可能會(huì)影響斑點(diǎn)的存在”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段“Intheanimalkingdom,therearemanyspeciesthatgivebirthtospottedyoung,fromdeertobirdsandfish.Evenspeciesthatwedon’ttypicallylinkwithspots,suchaslions,wearthepatternasbabies,onlytoloseitlaterinlife.(在動(dòng)物界，有許多物種會(huì)產(chǎn)下斑點(diǎn)幼崽，從鹿到鳥類和魚類。即使是我們通常認(rèn)為沒有斑點(diǎn)的物種，如獅子，在幼崽時(shí)期也會(huì)有這種圖案，但在以后的生活中卻會(huì)失去這種圖案)”，第三段中“Forexample,spottedyoungtendtobemorecommoninspeciesthatliveinhabitatswithsomehighgrassorforests,andlesscommoninenvironmentsthatareplain,likepackice.(例如，斑點(diǎn)幼崽往往在生活在高草或森林棲息地的物種中更常見，而在平原環(huán)境（如浮冰）中則不太常見)”，第四段中“Inotherrarercases,spotsactuallyhelpbabiesstandout.(在其他罕見的情況下，斑點(diǎn)實(shí)際上有助于幼崽脫穎而出)”和第五段中“Otherspeciesmaylosetheirspotsastheyagebecausetheircolorgoesontoserveanotherpurpose.(其他物種可能會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而失去斑點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊念伾珪?huì)繼續(xù)用于另一個(gè)目的)”可知，文章講述了為什么一些物種幼年時(shí)身上會(huì)長(zhǎng)斑點(diǎn)的原因及斑點(diǎn)的用途，B項(xiàng)“為什么這么多小動(dòng)物都有斑點(diǎn)”符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。DIfyou’veeverawokenfromavividdreamonlytofindthatyoucan’trememberthedetailsbytheendofbreakfast,you’renotalone.Peopleforgetmostofthedreamstheyhave—thoughitispossibletotrainyourselftoremembermoreofthem.Dreaminghappensmostlyduringrapideyemovement(REM)sleep.Duringthissleepstage,brainactivitylookssimilartothatinawakingbrain,withsomeveryimportantdifferences.Short-termmemoryareasareactiveduringREMsleep,butthoseonlyhangontomemoriesforabout30seconds.YouhavetowakeupfromREMsleeptorecall(記起)avividdream.If,instead,youpassintothenextstageofsleepwithoutwaking,thatdreamwillneverenterlong-termmemory.Ifyousleeponlysixhours,you’regettinglessthanhalfofthedreamtimeofaneight-hournight.Thosefinalhoursofsleeparethemostimportantfordreaming.Andpeopletendtorememberthelastdreamofthenight—theonejustbeforewaking.Otherfactorsalsocontributetowhetheryou’llrememberyournighttimeadventures.Womentendtorememberafewmoredreamsthanmenonaverage.Youngpeopleremembermoredreamsthanolderpeople.Memoryofdreamsincreasesinkidsfromtheageatwhichtheycancommunicateaboutthosedreams,plateaus(停滯)fromtheearlyteenstotheearly20sandthenverygraduallydeclinesinadultsovertherestoftheirlife.Therearealotofindividualdifferencesindreammemory,though.Somepeoplealmostneverrememberadreamwhileothersregularlyrecallseveraleachnight.Itispossibletotrainyourbraintoremembermoreofyourdreams.Ifyouwanttorememberyourdreams,you’dbettertakeamomentwhenyouwakeup,beforeyouevenmoveyourbody,tothinkaboutwhatyouwerejustdreamingandrememberasmuchaspossible.Thismovesthedreamfromshort-termmemorytolong-termmemory.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutdreaming?A.Peoplearelesslikelytowakeupwhendreaming.B.Itcausesthesamebrainactivityasinawakingbrain.C.IthardlyevertakesplacebeyondREMsleep.D.Peopletendtoforgettheirdreamsinashorttime.13.Inwhatconditionmaywerecalladreamclearly?A.WhenwewakeupfromREMsleep.B.Whenwesleepwithrapideyemovement.C.Whenwepassintothenextstageofsleep.D.Whenwejustsleepforabout30seconds.14.Whichofthefollowingprobablyremembersthemostdreams?A.A54-year-oldmaleworker. B.A3-year-oldkindergartener.C.A23-year-oldfemaleartist. D.A30-year-oldmaleengineer.15.Howcanwemakeourdreamslongermemorized?A.Byrememberingmoredetailsimmediatelyafterwakingup.B.Bynotmovingourbodyforamomentafterwakingup.C.Bytrainingourbrainbeforesleepingduringthenight.D.Byreadingthrougharticlesuntilfallingasleep.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章從睡眠模式的角度，介紹了人們會(huì)很快忘記自己做過的夢(mèng)的原因，并提到了影響人們記憶夢(mèng)的能力的其他因素，還分享了訓(xùn)練大腦記住更多夢(mèng)的方法?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ifyou’veeverawokenfromavividdreamonlytofindthatyoucan’trememberthedetailsbytheendofbreakfast,you’renotalone.(如果你曾經(jīng)從一個(gè)生動(dòng)的夢(mèng)中醒來，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)在早餐結(jié)束時(shí)你不記得細(xì)節(jié)，你不是一個(gè)人)”和第二段“Short-termmemoryareasareactiveduringREMsleep,butthoseonlyhangontomemoriesforabout30seconds.YouhavetowakeupfromREMsleeptorecall(記起)avividdream.If,instead,youpassintothenextstageofsleepwithoutwaking,thatdreamwillneverenterlong-termmemory.(短期記憶區(qū)域在快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期間是活躍的，但這些記憶只能維持大約30秒。你必須從快速眼動(dòng)睡眠中醒來才能回憶起一個(gè)生動(dòng)的夢(mèng)。相反，如果你沒有醒來就進(jìn)入了下一階段的睡眠，那么這個(gè)夢(mèng)將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)進(jìn)入長(zhǎng)期記憶)””可知，很多人都有在早餐時(shí)就忘記醒來時(shí)的夢(mèng)的遭遇。由此可知，人們往往會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)忘記自己的夢(mèng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Short-termmemoryareasareactiveduringREMsleep,butthoseonlyhangontomemoriesforabout30seconds.YouhavetowakeupfromREMsleeptorecall(記起)avividdream.If,instead,youpassintothenextstageofsleepwithoutwaking,thatdreamwillneverenterlong-termmemory.(短期記憶區(qū)域在快速眼動(dòng)睡眠期間是活躍的，但這些記憶只能維持大約30秒。你必須從快速眼動(dòng)睡眠中醒來才能回憶起一個(gè)生動(dòng)的夢(mèng)。相反，如果你沒有醒來就進(jìn)入了下一階段的睡眠，那么這個(gè)夢(mèng)將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)進(jìn)入長(zhǎng)期記憶)”可知，從快速眼動(dòng)睡眠中醒來，避免進(jìn)入下一階段的睡眠，可以把夢(mèng)從短期記憶轉(zhuǎn)移到長(zhǎng)期記憶，從而清晰地回憶起夢(mèng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Womentendtorememberafewmoredreamsthanmenonaverage.Youngpeopleremembermoredreamsthanolderpeople.Memoryofdreamsincreasesinkidsfromtheageatwhichtheycancommunicateaboutthosedreams,plateaus(停滯)fromtheearlyteenstotheearly20sandthenverygraduallydeclinesinadultsovertherestoftheirlife.(平均而言，女性比男性更容易記住一些夢(mèng)。年輕人比老年人記得更多的夢(mèng)。孩子對(duì)夢(mèng)的記憶在他們能夠討論這些夢(mèng)的年齡開始增加，在青少年早期到二十出頭達(dá)到平穩(wěn)期，然后在成年人的余生中逐漸下降)”可知，就性別而言，女性比男性有記憶夢(mèng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)；就年齡而言，人記憶夢(mèng)的能力在能夠討論這些夢(mèng)的兒時(shí)開始增加，在青少年早期至二十出頭達(dá)到峰值，之后逐漸下降。比較所給選項(xiàng)可知，23歲的女藝術(shù)家在性別和年齡上記憶夢(mèng)的能力都更強(qiáng)，有可能記得最多的夢(mèng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifyouwanttorememberyourdreams,you’dbettertakeamomentwhenyouwakeup,beforeyouevenmoveyourbody,tothinkaboutwhatyouwerejustdreamingandrememberasmuchaspossible.Thismovesthedreamfromshort-termmemorytolong-termmemory.(如果你想記住你的夢(mèng)，你最好在你醒來的時(shí)候，甚至在你移動(dòng)身體之前，花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間想想你剛剛做了什么夢(mèng)，并盡可能多地記住。這將夢(mèng)從短期記憶轉(zhuǎn)移到長(zhǎng)期記憶)”可知，如果我們想讓夢(mèng)被記憶得更長(zhǎng)久，我們可以在醒來后立即記住更多的細(xì)節(jié)。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Lastyear,Idecidedtochallengemyselfandsignedupfora5-kilometerrace.IhadneverrunthatdistancebeforeandIknewitwouldrequirealotoftraining.Iknowyoga(瑜伽)isgoodforourhealth.____16____Idecidedtohaveatry.Asarunner,Ihadalwaysstruggledwithtightmuscles.SoIspentafewminuteseverydaydoingspecificyogaposes.____17____Notonlydidthisreducemyriskofinjury,butitalsomademyrunsmorecomfortableandenjoyable.Anothersignificantbenefitisimprovedbalance.Yogaposeshavehelpedmedevelopbetterbalance.____18____Betterbalancehasalsoimprovedmyoverallperformance,makingmeamoreefficientandeffectiverunner.____19____Itencouragesmetofocusonmybreathandbepresentinthemoment.Ihavefounditisanexcellentwaytodevelopemotionalresilience(柔韌性),askilltobringintoyourrunningroutine.AsIstartedtopracticemindfulnessduringyoga,InoticedthatIwasbetterabletostayfocusedduringmyruns.Iwouldn’tgetlostinmythoughtsordistractionsanymore.Instead,Icouldstaypresentandfocusedonmyformandbreath.Thishasmademyrunsmoreenjoyable.____20____Asarunner,it’sessentialtotakecareofyourbodyandmind,andyogacanhelpyoudothat.A.So,isyogagoodforrunners?B.Overtime,mymusclesstartedtoloosenup.C.Eversince,Ihavefalleninlovewithrunning.D.Atthesametime,yogamademyrunningmorechallenging.EIthasalsohelpedmeachievemyrunninggoalsmoreefficiently.F.Besides,yogaforrunnershashelpedmeimprovemymindfulness.G.Thishashelpedmemaintainproperformandavoidinjurywhilerunning.【答案】16.A17.B18.G19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了作者通過瑜伽練習(xí)對(duì)自己的跑步產(chǎn)生積極影響?！?6題詳解】由上文“Lastyear,Idecidedtochallengemyselfandsignedupfora5-kilometerrace.IhadneverrunthatdistancebeforeandIknewitwouldrequirealotoftraining.Iknowyoga(瑜伽)isgoodforourhealth.(去年，我決定挑戰(zhàn)自己，報(bào)名參加了5公里的比賽。我以前從未跑過這么長(zhǎng)的距離，我知道這需要大量的訓(xùn)練。我知道瑜伽對(duì)我們的健康有益)”可知作者報(bào)名參加了5公里跑步比賽，需要大量練習(xí)，已經(jīng)知道瑜伽對(duì)健康有益，下文“Idecidedtohaveatry.(我決定試一試)”會(huì)讓人思考作者要試什么，再結(jié)合下文大段篇幅講瑜伽練習(xí)對(duì)作者跑步產(chǎn)生的積極影響和最后一段“Asarunner,it’sessentialtotakecareofyourbodyandmind,andyogacanhelpyoudothat.(作為一名跑步者，照顧好自己的身心是至關(guān)重要的，瑜伽可以幫助你做到這一點(diǎn))”可知，該空應(yīng)該引出瑜伽對(duì)跑步者有益與否這個(gè)問題，才能承接下文引出作者練習(xí)瑜伽并獲得益處這件事，A選項(xiàng)“那么，瑜伽對(duì)跑步者有好處嗎？”切合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】由上文“Asarunner,Ihadalwaysstruggledwithtightmuscles.SoIspentafewminuteseverydaydoingspecificyogaposes.(作為一名跑步者，我一直在與緊繃的肌肉作斗爭(zhēng)。所以我每天花幾分鐘做特定的瑜伽姿勢(shì))”可知作者通過練習(xí)瑜伽來放松肌肉，再結(jié)合下文“Notonlydidthisreducemyriskofinjury,butitalsomademyrunsmorecomfortableandenjoyable.(這不僅降低了我受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而且讓我的跑步更加舒適和愉快)”講練習(xí)瑜伽獲得的好處可知，該空應(yīng)該講練習(xí)瑜伽對(duì)放松肌肉有用，B選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的肌肉開始放松?！鼻泻险Z境。故選B項(xiàng)。18題詳解】由上文“Anothersignificantbenefitisimprovedbalance.Yogaposeshavehelpedmedevelopbetterbalance.(另一個(gè)顯著的好處是改善了平衡。瑜伽姿勢(shì)幫助我更好地保持平衡)”可知練習(xí)瑜伽提高了作者跑步的平衡性，再結(jié)合下文“Betterbalancehasalsoimprovedmyoverallperformance,makingmeamoreefficientandeffectiverunner.(更好的平衡也提高了我的整體表現(xiàn)，使我成為一名更有效率和效率的跑步者)”講更好的平衡給作者帶來的益處，和下文中“also”可知，該空應(yīng)該講平衡性改善帶來的第一個(gè)益處，G選項(xiàng)“這有助于我在跑步時(shí)保持動(dòng)作正確，避免受傷?！鼻泻险Z境，選項(xiàng)中“properform”呼應(yīng)上文的“Yogaposes”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由下文“Itencouragesmetofocusonmybreathandbepresentinthemoment.(它鼓勵(lì)我專注于呼吸，并關(guān)注當(dāng)下)”和第五段首句“AsIstartedtopracticemindfulnessduringyoga,InoticedthatIwasbetterabletostayfocusedduringmyruns.(當(dāng)我開始在瑜伽中練習(xí)正念時(shí)，我注意到我在跑步時(shí)能夠更好地保持專注)”可知，下文主要講的是練習(xí)瑜伽幫助作者提高正念，該空應(yīng)該引出正念的話題，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“此外，跑步者的瑜伽幫助我提高了正念。”切合語境，mindfulness同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】由上文“AsIstartedtopracticemindfulnessduringyoga,InoticedthatIwasbetterabletostayfocusedduringmyruns.Iwouldn’tgetlostinmythoughtsordistractionsanymore.Instead,Icouldstaypresentandfocusedonmyformandbreath.Thishasmademyrunsmoreenjoyable.(當(dāng)我開始在瑜伽中練習(xí)正念時(shí)，我注意到我在跑步時(shí)能夠更好地保持專注。我再也不會(huì)迷失在思緒或分心的事情中了。相反，我可以保持現(xiàn)狀，專注于我的狀態(tài)和呼吸。這讓我的跑步更加愉快)”可知，上文講跑步者練習(xí)瑜伽獲得正念提高的好處，正念提高反過來讓作者的跑步更加愉快，再結(jié)合第一段講作者在試瑜伽對(duì)跑步有益與否這件事，該空應(yīng)該承接上文“Thishasmademyrunsmoreenjoyable.(這讓我的跑步更加愉快)”繼續(xù)講瑜伽帶來的正念提高對(duì)跑步產(chǎn)生的積極影響，E選項(xiàng)“它也幫助我更有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)了跑步目標(biāo)?！鼻泻险Z境。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Itwasasunnyafternoon.MyhusbandDaveandIhadjustarrivedhomefromhospital.Iparkedthecarinfrontofthehouse.Davewassotiredthatheleanedagainstthedoorandwaitedformetoopenitforhim.WhenIopenedit,he____21____outofthecarontotheground.Hewastoo____22____toraisehimself.Itriedtolifthim,butmy____23____endedfruitlessly.Ilookedaroundinalldirectionsforsomeonetohelpusbutnobodywas____24____.Iturnedtorunintothehousetomakea____25____.Justthen,amandressedinwhitewalkedtowardus.Icouldn’t____26____howheappearedsuddenlyasI’dseennoonesecondsbefore.HelookedatDaveonthegroundandaskedifweneeded____27____.Inodded,addingthatmyhusbandwasveryheavyand____28____tomove.“Letme____29____,”hesaid.HeputonehandunderDave’sarm.AsifDave_____30_____nomorethanafeather,themanliftedhim.HeputDave’sarmoverhisshoulderandputhisownarmaroundDave’swaisttokeephim_____31_____.AsI_____32_____thewayintothehouse,thetwomenwalkedupourfrontstairsandintoourhometogether.ThemanloweredDaveontoalittlesofa.HesmiledasDavetriedtothankhimandsaidhewas_____33_____