廣東省佛山市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末中教學質(zhì)量檢測英語試題【含答案解析】

2023~2024學年上學期佛山市普通高中教學質(zhì)量檢測高二英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的學校、班級、姓名、考生號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)聽力理解（共6小題，每小題2分，滿分12分）材料及問題播放兩遍。每段后有三個小題，各段播放前有5秒鐘的閱題時間。請根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關小題的問題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的A、B、C項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。聽第一段材料，回答第1-3題。材料和問題讀兩遍。1.Question1:（錄音）A.Lookingforagoodschool.BImprovingeducationquality.C.Theimportanceofeducation.2.Question2:（錄音）A.HongxingandBeihai.B.GuangmingandHongxing.C.BeihaiandGuangming.3.Question3:（錄音）A.Guangming.B.Beihai.C.Hongxing.聽第二段材料，回答第4-6題。材料和問題讀兩遍。4.Question4:（錄音）A.Awaiter.B.Ashopassistant.C.Azookeeper.5.Question5:（錄音）A.Sheofferedhimajob.B.Shegavehimsomeadvice.C.Sheintroducedhimtoherboss.6.Question6:（錄音）A.Itwaswell-paid.B.Itwasperfectforhim.C.Itrequiredmuchexperience.第二節(jié)回答問題（共4小題，每小題2分，滿分8分）聽下面一段材料，然后回答問題。材料和問題讀兩遍，讀完每個問題后你將有10秒鐘的作答時間。7.Question7:（錄音）Answer:________________________8.Question8:（錄音）Answer:________________________9.Question9:（錄音）Answer:________________________10.Question10:（錄音）Answer:________________________第二部分閱讀（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWhenLauraSmithwas14yearsold,shevolunteeredatanonprofitfoodcommunityorganization.Asshewasfillingbagswithdonated(捐贈)food,shenoticedsomethingthatdidn’tseemright:Cannedandpackagedgoodswereplentiful,butshesawnothingfreshorgreentogivetofamiliesinneed.Shethoughtitwouldbegreattochangethat.Shewantedtostartagardenonpartofherparents’farmlandtoprovidefamilieswithhome-grownproduce.Whilebeingproudofher,Laura’sfatherexpressedworryabouttheworkloadinvolved.Laurahadraisedrabbitsandlambsbefore,butshehadnevertriedgrowingvegetablesonsuchanextensivelevel.However,hesoonrealizedthathisdaughterwasready.Lauradidalotofresearchonlinetofindoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,whichplantsneededshade,whichneededmorewater,andwhenwasthebesttimetoharvesteachcrop.Inspring2021Lauraplanted15typesofvegetablesonalandof5,000squaremeters.Whenthefirstgreenshootsappeared,itwasanexcitingfeeling.Yet,that’swheretherealworkbegan.“Oursummersareveryhotanddry,soIhadtowatereveryday,”saidLaura.Throughoutthesummer,shecheckedherplantsdailyforweedsandwateredthembyhand,usingtwowatertanksattachedtoafarmvehicletocontinuallyrefillherwateringcan.Laurawassoonreadytoharvestandweighherfirstcrops-thefirstbatchweighed40pounds.Shethenpackagedthemanddonatedtheproductstoeightlocalgroups.“Itfeltreallygoodtoknowthatanyonewhowantedfreshvegetablescouldgetthem,”Laurasaid.Overthepasttwoyears,Laurahasdonatedmorethan8,000poundsoffruitsandvegetables.“Laura’sconfidenceandgeneroushandinhelpingthoseinneedhavemadeagreaterimpactthanshecouldhaveimagined,”saidRemiFreeman,anofficialfromoneofthecharitygroups.“Ithelpsourmissiontoendhunger,andalsodemonstratestheselflessnessandkindnessthatissowonderfultoseeinyoungerpeople.”1.WhatinspiredLauratostartagarden?A.Herinterestingardening.B.Herparents’expectations.C.Lackoffreshproduceinthedonatedfood.D.Poorqualityofcannedandpackagedfood.2.WhatconcernedLaura’sfatheraboutherplanatfirst?A.Themoneyneeded. B.Theamountofwork.C.Herfarmingknowledge. D.Herworkingexperience.3.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Laura’shardwork. B.Laura’sambitiousplan.C.Thepoorweathercondition. D.Theskillsneededforfarming.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AGreatGardeningDreamB.AJourneytoGreenLivingC.ACloseStudyonOrganicFoodD.AHarvestofGrowingKindness【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了14歲的LauraSmith在一家非營利性食品社區(qū)組織做志愿者。她發(fā)現(xiàn)在捐贈的食品當中，缺少新鮮或綠色的蔬菜和水果，所以她決定自己在家里種植。她在兩年中捐贈了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜，展示了年輕人的無私和善良?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asshewasfillingbagswithdonated(捐贈)food,shenoticedsomethingthatdidn’tseemright:Cannedandpackagedgoodswereplentiful,butshesawnothingfreshorgreentogivetofamiliesinneed.(當她把捐贈的食物裝進袋子時，她注意到了一些似乎不對勁的東西：罐頭和包裝食品很多，但她沒有看到任何新鮮或綠色的東西可以送給有需要的家庭)”可知，在捐贈的食品當中，LauraSmith發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少新鮮或綠色的蔬菜或水果，這激發(fā)了她創(chuàng)辦菜園的想法。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whilebeingproudofher,Laura’sfatherexpressedworryabouttheworkloadinvolved.(勞拉的父親在為她感到驕傲的同時，也對所涉及的工作量表示擔憂)”可知，Laura的父親對于她將要做的工作量而擔心。故選B。【3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Yet,that’swheretherealworkbegan.“Oursummersareveryhotanddry,soIhadtowatereveryday,”saidLaura.Throughoutthesummer,shecheckedherplantsdailyforweedsandwateredthembyhand,usingtwowatertanksattachedtoafarmvehicletocontinuallyrefillherwateringcan.(然而，這才是真正的工作開始的地方。勞拉說：“我們的夏天又熱又干，所以我每天都要澆水?！?。整個夏天，她每天都要檢查植物是否有雜草，并用連接在農(nóng)用車上的兩個水箱不斷地給她的噴壺澆水)”可知，第三段主要講述了Laura在種植菜園時付出的辛苦工作。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Overthepasttwoyears,Laurahasdonatedmorethan8,000poundsoffruitsandvegetables.“Laura’sconfidenceandgeneroushandinhelpingthoseinneedhavemadeagreaterimpactthanshecouldhaveimagined,”saidRemiFreeman,anofficialfromoneofthecharitygroups.“Ithelpsourmissiontoendhunger,andalsodemonstratestheselflessnessandkindnessthatissowonderfultoseeinyoungerpeople.”(在過去的兩年里，勞拉捐贈了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜。其中一個慈善團體的官員雷米·弗里曼說：“勞拉在幫助那些需要幫助的人時表現(xiàn)出的自信和慷慨，產(chǎn)生了比她想象的更大的影響。”。“這有助于我們結束饑餓的使命，也展示了年輕人的無私和善良?！?”以及全文可知，本文主要講述了14歲的LauraSmith在一家非營利性食品社區(qū)組織做志愿者。她發(fā)現(xiàn)在捐贈的食品當中，缺少新鮮或綠色的蔬菜和水果，所以她決定自己在家里種植。她在兩年中捐贈了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜，展示了年輕人的無私和善良。所以“日益增長的善意的收獲”適合作本文的標題。故選D。BWithgrowingawarenessofthegendergapinSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)fields,wherewomenholdonly27%ofjobs,Chineseresearchershaveexploredacauseinfluencingwomen’sparticipationinSTEMcareers.Theystudiedhowteengirlscanbeinfluencedbytheirownpeerswhobelievetheinaccuratestereotype(刻板印象)thatboysarebetteratmath.Thestudyfoundthatwhensurroundedbypeersholdingthisstereotype,middle-schoolgirlsscoredloweronmathtests.Thisinfluenceevenpersistedintocollege,impactingwomen’smathperformanceandself-confidence.Theresearcherssuggestdealingwiththisissueduringthemiddleschoolperiodtoreducethenegativeimpactonwomen’slong-termSTEMengagement.Middleschoolisconsideredacriticaldevelopmentalstagewhereteensareformingastrongersenseofselfseparatefromtheirparents.Thischangeoftenmakesteensmorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheopinionsoftheirpeers.It’salsoaperiodwhen,objectivelymeasuredbystandardizedtests,girlsonaveragehavebettermathskillsthanboys.However,teensmaynotrealizeit.InsomemiddleschoolsinChina,theresearchersstudiedthepotentialroleofpeer-pressurebeliefsofthegenderedmathstereotype.Inclassroomswherethebeliefthat“boys”naturalabilityinstudyingmathisgreaterthanthatofgirls”wassignificantlyhigherthanthestandard,girls’laterperformanceonmathtestswaslowerthantheresultsforboys.Moreover,girlsintheseclassroomswerelesslikelytoparticipateinmath-relatedout-of-classactivities.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelthattheirteacherspaidattentiontothemandofferedpraise,leadingtolowermath-relatedself-confidence.Theresearchersconcludethatpreventingtheharmfromgendermathstereotypingrequiresachangeofthesocialenvironmentforchildrenandyoungadults,inadditiontofocusingonchanginggirls’attitudesandchoices.5.Whatisthefocusofthestudy?A.InaccuratestereotypeofSTEM.B.Women’sparticipationinSTEM.C.Teengirls’academicperformance.D.Genderstereotype’sinfluenceongirls.6.WhatfactmayteensignoreaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Girlsdobetterinmaththanboys.B.Teenshavestrongself-confidence.C.Teensareexperiencingakeystage.D.Girlsareeasilyaffectedbytheirpeers.7.Girlsinclassroomswithhigherlevelsofgenderstereotypewillprobably________.A.scorehighinstandardizedtestsB.beoftenpraisedbymathteachersC.showlowconfidenceinmathtestsD.takeanactivepartinschool’smathclub【答案】5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，中學女生在受到同齡人的數(shù)學性別刻板印象影響時，數(shù)學考試成績會降低，這種影響甚至會持續(xù)到大學，影響女性的數(shù)學表現(xiàn)和自信心。研究人員認為，應在中學階段解決這個問題，以減少對女性長期從事STEM領域的負面影響。預防性別數(shù)學板印象的傷害需要改變兒童和年輕人的社會環(huán)境，而不僅僅是改變女孩的態(tài)度和選擇?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段“WithgrowingawarenessofthegendergapinSTEM（science,technology,engineering,mathematics）fields,wherewomenholdonly27%ofjobs,Chineseresearchershaveexploredacauseinfluencingwomen’sparticipationinSTEMcareers.Theystudiedhowteengirlscanbeinfluencedbytheirownpeerswhobelievetheinaccuratestereotype（刻板印象）thatboysarebetteratmath.(隨著人們越來越意識到STEM(科學、技術、工程、數(shù)學)領域的性別差距，中國研究人員探索了影響女性參與STEM職業(yè)的原因。在STEM領域，女性只占27%的職位。他們研究了青少年女孩是如何受到同齡人的影響的，這些同齡人相信男孩更擅長數(shù)學這一不準確的刻板印象。)”可知，研究的重點為性別刻板印象對女孩的影響。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第三段“Middleschoolisconsideredacriticaldevelopmentalstagewhereteensareformingastrongersenseofselfseparatefromtheirparents.Thischangeoftenmakesteensmorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheopinionsoftheirpeers.It’salsoaperiodwhen,objectivelymeasuredbystandardizedtests,girlsonaveragehavebettermathskillsthanboys.However,teensmaynotrealizeit.(中學被認為是一個關鍵的發(fā)展階段，在這個階段，青少年與父母形成了更強的自我分離感。這種變化往往會使青少年更容易受到同齡人意見的影響。這也是一個通過標準化測試客觀衡量的時期，女孩的數(shù)學技能平均比男孩好。然而，青少年可能沒有意識到這一點。)”可知，青少年可能忽略了女孩的數(shù)學比男孩好這一事實。故選A。【7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inclassroomswherethebeliefthat“boys”naturalabilityinstudyingmathisgreaterthanthatofgirls”wassignificantlyhigherthanthestandard,girls’laterperformanceonmathtestswaslowerthantheresultsforboys.Moreover,girlsintheseclassroomswerelesslikelytoparticipateinmath-relatedout-of-classactivities.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelthattheirteacherspaidattentiontothemandofferedpraise,leadingtolowermath-relatedself-confidence.(在相信“男孩學習數(shù)學的天賦比女孩強”的班級中，女孩在數(shù)學測試中的后期表現(xiàn)低于男孩。此外，這些教室里的女孩不太可能參加與數(shù)學有關的課外活動。他們也不太可能感覺到老師對他們的關注和表揚，導致他們在數(shù)學方面的自信心下降。)”可知，性別刻板印象水平較高的教室里的女孩可能會在數(shù)學考試中表現(xiàn)出低信心。故選C。CAbookcalledThePowerofLanguageexploresinfluencesofspeakingmorethanonelanguageonthewaypeoplethinkandact.Languageplaysasignificantroleinallaspectsofhumansocialandcognitive（認知的）life.Peoplecommunicatewitheachotherinalanguage.Thelanguagepeoplespeakalsoinfluencesthewaytheythink.Theseeffectsbecomeevenmorecomplexwhenpeoplespeakmorethanonelanguage.Ifyouspeakmorethanonelanguage,chancesareyouusethemindifferentsituations.Youmayspeakonelanguageathomeandanotheratwork.Ifyouareaskedtothinkaboutsomethingfuninthelanguageyouspeakathome,youaremorelikelytothinkofaneventwithyourfamily,butwhenaskedinthelanguageyouspeakatwork,youwillthinkofanenjoyableinteractionwithcolleagues.Thelanguageusedtoanswerthequestionmakesiteasiertothinkofmemoriesassociatedwithusingthatlanguage.Thememoriesyouareremindedofinasituationaffectwhatyouarelikelytodoandevenhowyouarelikelytofeelinthatsituation.Inaddition,propertiesofthelanguagecanaffectyourdecisions.Inthebook,thewriterpointsoutthatsomelanguages（likeEnglish）requireyoutousedifferenttenseswhentalkingabouteventsinthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguages（likeGermanandChinese）donot.Existingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguageswhosegrammarusesadifferenttensebetweenpresentandfuturearelesslikelytomakechoicesthatbenefittheirfutureselvesthanpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatdonot.Consequently,theactionsyoutakewhenspeakingdifferentlanguagescanhaveverydifferentinfluencesonyourfuture.8.HowdoesthewriterexplaintheinfluenceoflanguageinParagraph3?A.Byexplainingfacts. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingstatements. D.Bysharingexperiences.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”mean?A.Features. B.Types. C.Origins. D.Impacts.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeople’sdecision-makingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisrelatedtotheirmasteryofgrammar.B.Itismainlybasedonpersonalexpectations.C.Itislinkedwiththenumberoflanguagestheyuse.D.Itcanbeaffectedbythetensesusedinalanguage.【答案】8.B9.A10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一本名為《語言的力量》的書，書中探討了會說多種語言對人們思考和行動方式的影響。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第3段“Youmayspeakonelanguageathomeandanotheratwork.Ifyouareaskedtothinkaboutsomethingfuninthelanguageyouspeakathome,youaremorelikelytothinkofaneventwithyourfamily,butwhenaskedinthelanguageyouspeakatwork,youwillthinkofanenjoyableinteractionwithcolleagues.(你可能在家里說一種語言，在工作中說另一種語言。如果你被要求用你在家里說的語言來想一些有趣的事情，你更有可能想到與家人的一件事，但當你被要求用你在工作中說的語言來想時，你會想到與同事的愉快互動。)”可知，作者通過舉例來說明語言的影響的。故選B項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inthebook,thewriterpointsoutthatsomelanguages(likeEnglish)requireyoutousedifferenttenseswhentalkingabouteventsinthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguages(likeGermanandChinese)donot.(在書中，作者指出，有些語言(比如英語)要求你在談論現(xiàn)在和將來的事件時使用不同的時態(tài)。其他語言(如德語和漢語)則沒有。)”可知，語言是有不同特性的，所以劃線詞的意思是“特性、特點”。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Existingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguageswhosegrammarusesadifferenttensebetweenpresentandfuturearelesslikelytomakechoicesthatbenefittheirfutureselvesthanpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatdonot.(現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，與不說現(xiàn)在和將來時態(tài)的人相比，說語法在現(xiàn)在和將來之間使用不同時態(tài)的語言的人不太可能做出有利于未來自我的選擇。)”可知，人們的決策會受到語言中使用的時態(tài)的影響。故選D項。第二節(jié)語句排序（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）11.將下列幾個部分(A、B、C、D和E)按題號排序，構成一個符合邏輯的完整語篇。A.Itiscalledrucking,atermfromruckmarching,whichisaskillthatmilitariesaroundtheworldhavelongusedfortraining.B.Ruckinginvolveswalkingwithaweightedbackpack.It’saneasywaytostrengthenyourheartandmuscleswithouthurtingthejoints(關節(jié)).C.Anyonewhowalkedtoschoolwithabackpackfullofbookshasalreadytriedanexerciseroutinethatisgettingpopularinthefitnessworld.D.Evenpeopleeagerformoreexerciseshouldprogressslowly.Shoesthatfitwellcanhelpyouavoidadditionalfootpressureandsafelywalkonanunevenland.E.Aswithanynewphysicalactivity,newcomersshouldstartruckingwithslowandstablesteps.Ifyoudon’thavebasicconditioning,trywalkingtheexpecteddistancewithaverylightpackfirst.Thenslowlyaddmoreweight.________→________→________→________→________【答案】①.C②.A③.B④.E⑤.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新的鍛煉方式——背包鍛煉?！驹斀狻緾項“Anyonewhowalkedtoschoolwithabackpackfullofbookshasalreadytriedanexerciseroutinethatisgettingpopularinthefitnessworld.(任何曾背著裝滿書的背包走路上學的人都已經(jīng)嘗試過一種在健身界越來越流行的鍛煉方式)”中提到一種在健身界越來越流行的鍛煉方式，引出文章話題，所以C項排在第一位；A項“Itiscalledrucking,atermfromruckmarching,whichisaskillthatmilitariesaroundtheworldhavelongusedfortraining.(它被稱為“背包鍛煉”，源自“背包行軍”，這是世界各地軍隊長期以來用于訓練的一種技能)”承接上文，介紹這種鍛煉方式的名稱和它的起源，上下文銜接自然，故A項排在第二位；B項“Ruckinginvolveswalkingwithaweightedbackpack.It’saneasywaytostrengthenyourheartandmuscleswithouthurtingthejoints(關節(jié)).(背包鍛煉需要背著一個加重的背包。這是一種既能增強心臟和肌肉又不傷害關節(jié)的簡單方法)”承接上文，在上文介紹了名稱和起源后，接著介紹“背包鍛煉”的具體方式和帶來的好處，上下文語意連貫，故B項排在第三位；E項“Aswithanynewphysicalactivity,newcomersshouldstartruckingwithslowandstablesteps.Ifyoudon’thavebasicconditioning,trywalkingtheexpecteddistancewithaverylightpackfirst.Thenslowlyaddmoreweight.(與任何新的體育運動一樣，新手應該以緩慢而穩(wěn)定的步伐開始。如果你沒有基本的條件，試著先帶一個非常輕的背包走一段預期的距離。然后慢慢增加重量)”承接上文，就鍛煉中注意的事項提出建議：以緩慢而穩(wěn)定的節(jié)奏開始，慢慢增加重量，故E項排在第四位；D項“Evenpeopleeagerformoreexerciseshouldprogressslowly.Shoesthatfitwellcanhelpyouavoidadditionalfootpressureandsafelywalkonanunevenland.(即使是渴望更多鍛煉的人也應該慢慢來。合腳的鞋子可以幫助你避免額外的腳部壓力，安全地在不平坦的土地上行走)”承接E項中的建議，再次強調(diào)要“慢慢來”，同時對鍛煉時穿什么鞋提出建議。故答案為：C→A→B→E→D。第三節(jié)選句填空（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。HealthyEatingThereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.Forexample,scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.____12____Peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycalories(熱量)ormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday.____13____Onaverage,peopleget1/3oftheirsugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.Youneedtolimityourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesadayfromsugar.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts,andcutoutsweetdrinksaltogether.Beyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferenttypesoffreshfoods,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfoods.Itisalsoimportanttohavesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet.Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(適度)iskey.____14____Finally,akeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimeyoustarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.____15____Inaddition,studiesshowthatconsistenteatinghabits,forexample,takingthreemealsadayatthesametimeeachday,arebetterforourhealth.Thereisnoonesecrettohealthyeating.____16____Onequestionyoucanaskyourselfis,“DoIeattolive,orlivetoeat?”Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.A.Itstartswithhavingahealthyattitudetowardsfood.B.Healthyfoodshelpprotectyouagainstlotsofdiseases.C.Processedfoodsoftencontainalargeamountofsugar.D.Muchofextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.E.Whatthismeansisthatpeoplewhoeattooquicklyendupeatingtoomuch.F.Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuchortoolittleofanyonething.G.However,thereisincreasingevidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthissugar.【答案】12G13.D14.F15.E16.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了養(yǎng)成健康飲食習慣的一些方法策略?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycalories(熱量)ormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday.”（每天從糖中攝取25%或以上熱量的人死于心臟病的可能性是每天攝入少于10%熱量的人的兩倍。）可知，健康狀況不佳的真正罪魁禍首是糖。故G選項“然而，越來越多的證據(jù)表明，健康狀況不佳的真正罪魁禍首是糖。”切題。故選G項?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Onaverage,peopleget1/3oftheirsugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.”（人們平均有三分之一的糖分來自甜飲料）推知，空處說明糖的來源。故D選線“很多額外的糖來自甜食和甜飲料”切題。故選D項?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(適度)iskey”（和生活中的所有事情一樣，適度是關鍵）可知，選項承接上文具體說明適度性。故F選項“理想的飲食是均衡的，一種東西不能太多也不能太少?！鼻蓄}。故選F項?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Finally,akeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimeyoustarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.”（最后，健康飲食的關鍵是慢慢吃。從你開始吃東西到你的大腦告訴你的身體你已經(jīng)吃飽了大約需要20分鐘。）可知，選項承接上文說明吃的太快會產(chǎn)生不好的影響。故E選項“這意味著吃得太快的人最終會吃得太多”切題。故選E項。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Onequestionyoucanaskyourselfis,“DoIeattolive,orlivetoeat?”Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.（你可以問自己一個問題:“我是為了活著而吃，還是為了吃而活著?”這取決于你決定你想要如何生活，并對你的飲食做出正確的決定。）”可知，要對食物有個健康的態(tài)度。故A選項“以對食物有一個健康的態(tài)度開始”切題。故選A項。第三部分綜合應用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。10-year-oldJackcreatedaplasticminifigure(人偶)thatlooksmuchlikehim.Fondlynamed“MiniJack,”thetoywascarriedwithhimwhereverhewent.Oneday,afterarrivingatschool,Jack____17____dugintohisbackpacktofindMiniJack.Hewasovercomebyawaveof____18____afterrealizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool.Inorderto____19____thetoy,Jackdecidedtocreateamissingpersonposter.Heimmediatelycreateda(n)____20____drawingofthefigurewithanaccuratedescription:“Lightbrownhairwithmatchingeyebrows.Hawaiianshirtinbluewithpalmtrees.”Jackaddeda____21____inlargelettersatthetopofthepicture:“____22____!!!Heisveryspecialtome.”Healsoofferedarewardoftwopoundsandincludedhishomeaddress.Afterlearningaboutthe____23____,Jack’smothersharedapictureofherson’s____24____online.Butshewasstill____25____aboutthechanceoffindingthefigureconsideringhowsmallitwas.____26____,Jack’sposterserveditsintendedpurpose.Peopleinthecommunitywere____27____andlefthelpfulcomments.AgirlfoundthefigureduringherjourneytoschoolandhermuminformedJack’smother____28____.BothJackandhismotherexpressedtheirgratitudeforthe____29____fromtheircommunity,and____30____thetwo-poundreward,theygavethegirlaboxofchocolates.Oncereunitedwiththeminifigure,Jackwasfilledwithjoyandplacedhimina____31____place—insideasmallcar.“IwanttomakesureIneverlosehimagain,”saidJack.17.A.eagerly B.unwillingly C.unhappily D.respectfully18.A.gratitude B.sadness C.inspiration D.loneliness19.A.passon B.payfor C.pickup D.getback20.A.detailed B.abstract C.imaginative D.mysterious21.Amessage B.poster C.word D.logo22.A.Damaged B.Lost C.Sold D.Injured23.A.toy B.money C.news D.picture24.A.story B.backpack C.poster D.letter25.A.nervous B.doubtful C.ashamed D.annoyed26.A.Unusually B.Besides C.Undoubtedly D.However27.A.curious B.supportive C.moved D.excited28.A.secretly B.shyly C.immediately D.patiently29.A.trust B.wisdom C.sharing D.response30.A.inplaceof B.inspiteof C.atthecostof D.forthepurposeof31.A.convenient B.public C.distant D.safe【答案】17.A18.B19.D20.A21.A22.B23.C24.C25.B26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了10歲的杰克制作了一個和他長得很像的塑料人偶，并且命名為“迷你杰克”，但在早上去學校的路上丟失了，母親協(xié)助心急如焚制的杰克發(fā)布一張尋人啟事，社區(qū)人們非常熱心，終于一小女孩找回人偶?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，杰克到達學校后，急切地在背包里找MiniJack。A.eagerly急切地；B.unwillingly不情愿地；C.unhappily不高興地；D.respectfully尊敬地。根據(jù)上一段的“thetoywascarriedwithhimwhereverhewent”可知，杰克非常喜歡他的人偶，所以，到達學校后，急切地在背包里找他的人偶。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當他意識到在早上去學校的路上它從背包里滑落時，他非常悲傷。A.gratitude感恩；B.sadness悲傷；C.inspiration靈感；D.loneliness孤獨。根據(jù)下文的“realizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool”可知，意識到人偶從背包里滑落了，杰克肯定是很傷心。故選B項。【19題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：為了找回玩具，杰克決定制作一張失蹤人口海報。A.passon傳遞；B.payfor為……付錢；C.pickup撿起；D.getback找回。根據(jù)下文的“createamissingpersonposter”可知，杰克制作海報，肯定是為了找回他的玩具。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他立即為這個人偶畫了一幅詳細的素描，并準確地描述道：“淺棕色的頭發(fā)和相配的眉毛。藍色夏威夷襯衫，上面有棕櫚樹?！盇.detailed詳細的；B.abstract抽象的；C.imaginative富有想象力的；D.mysterious神秘的。由常識可知，尋找丟失的東西，肯定是提供詳細的信息。故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克在圖片的頂部用大字加了一條信息：“丟了！??！他對我來說很特別?！盇.message留言，（書面或口頭的）信息；B.poster海報；C.word文字；D.logo標示。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容“6!!!Heisveryspecialtome.”可知，杰克在圖片的頂部加了一條信息。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞/動詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克在圖片的頂部用大字加了一條信息：“丟了！?。∷麑ξ襾碚f很特別?！盇.Damaged被損壞的；B.Lost丟失的；C.Sold出售；D.Injured受傷的。根據(jù)第二段的“realizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool”可知，杰克的玩具丟了。故選B項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：得知這一消息后，杰克的母親在網(wǎng)上分享了兒子海報的照片。A.toy玩具；B.money錢；C.news消息；D.picture圖片。根據(jù)下文的“Jack’smothersharedapictureofherson’s8online.”可知，杰克的媽媽知道了杰克尋找玩具的信息。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：得知這一消息后，杰克的媽媽在網(wǎng)上分享了兒子海報的照片。A.story故事；B.backpack背包；C.poster海報；D.letter信。根據(jù)上一段的“Jackdecidedtocreateamissingpersonposter”可知，杰克的媽媽在網(wǎng)上分享的是兒子海報的照片。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但她仍然懷疑找到這個人偶的可能性，因為它太小了。A.nervous緊張的；B.doubtful懷疑的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.annoyed惱怒的。根據(jù)下文的“consideringhowsmallitwas”可知，因為玩具太小了，所以媽媽懷疑找到這個人偶的可能性。故選B項。【26題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，杰克的海報達到了預期的目的。A.Unusually不尋常地；B.Besides此外；C.Undoubtedly毫無疑問；D.However然而。上一句“Butshewasstill

9aboutthechanceoffindingthefigureconsideringhowsmallitwas.”和空格后的句子“Jack’sposterserveditsintendedpurpose”，兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選D項。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：社區(qū)里的人們都很支持，并留下了有用的評論。A.curious好奇的；B.supportive支持的；C.moved感動的；D.excited激動的。根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)efthelpfulcomments”可知，社區(qū)里的人是支持杰克的。故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一個女孩在去學校的路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個人偶，她的媽媽立即通知了杰克的媽媽。A.secretly偷偷地；B.shyly害羞地；C.immediately立即；D.patiently耐心地。由常識可知，撿到東西的人應該會立即通知失主。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克和他的母親都對社區(qū)的反應表示感謝，并以兩英鎊的獎勵為代價，給了那個女孩一盒巧克力。A.trust信任；B.wisdom智慧；C.sharing分享；D.response反應。根據(jù)上文的句子“Peopleinthecommunitywere11andlefthelpfulcomments.

”可知，杰克和媽媽對社區(qū)里人們的積極反應表示感謝。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：杰克和他的母親都對社區(qū)的反應表示感謝，并獎勵了那個女孩一盒兩英鎊的巧克力。A.inplaceof代替；B.inspiteof盡管；C.atthecostof以……為代價；C.forthepurposeof為了……的目的。根據(jù)下文的“theygavethegirlaboxofchocolates”可知，他們?yōu)樾∨①I了一盒價值兩英鎊的巧克力。故選C項。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：和小人偶團聚后，杰克滿心歡喜，把他放在一個安全的地方——一輛小車里。A.convenient方便的；B.public公共的；C.distant遙遠的；D.safe安全的。根據(jù)下文杰克說的話“IwanttomakesureIneverlosehimagain”可知，杰克一定是把他的人偶放在一個安全的地方。故選D項。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Hangzhou,thebirthplaceofZhejiangcuisine,isfamousfordisheslikeWestLakevinegarfish,beggar’schickenandDongpopork.____32____(surprising),inrecenttimes,Hangzhouhasbeenjokinglyreferredtoasthe“desertofChina’sdeliciousfood.”Different____33____(opinion)aboutthetasteofHangzhou’scuisinecanbeseenonChinesesocialmediaplatforms.SomepeoplearguethatHangzhou’sdishesareknownfor____34____(they)mildflavors,highlightingthedelicatetaste____35____thefood.TheybelievethatHangzhou’scuisine,thoughdifferentfromnorthernChinesecuisines____36____arecharacterizedbystrongflavors,____37____(be)bynomeanslesstasty.Incontrast,othersclaimthatHangzhou’sdisheslackaspecialfeature,____38____(describe)themastasteless,withsharpcriticismaimedatthecity’smostfamousdish,WestLakevinegarfish,foritsstrangeand____39____(pleasant)taste.Asdebatescontinue,Hangzhou’sreputationasaculinary(烹飪的)destinationremains____40____topicofdiscussion.Chinesecuisineiscelebratedforitsdiversity,offeringawiderangeofflavors.It’sofgreatimportance_____41_____(accept)thevarietiesofregionaltastesandenjoytheculinaryrichnessofdifferentplaces.【答案】32.Surprisingly33.opinions34.their35.of36.which##that37.is38.describing39.unpleasant40.a41.toaccept【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了最近杭州被戲稱為“中國美食荒漠”，對此人們發(fā)表了各自的看法。【32題詳解】考查副詞。句意：令人驚訝的是，最近杭州被戲稱為“中國美食荒漠”。修飾后文句子應用副詞surprisingly，首字母大寫。故填Surprisingly?！?3題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在中國的社交媒體平臺上，人們對杭州菜的味道有不同的看法。有些人根據(jù)上文different可知opinion應用復數(shù)形式。故填opinions?！?4題詳解】考查代詞。句意：一些人認為杭州菜以口味溫和而聞名，突出了食物的精致口感。修飾后文名詞應用形容詞性物主代詞their。故填their。【35題詳解】考查介詞。句意：一些人認為杭州菜以口味溫和而聞名，突出了食物的精致口感。此處taste與food為所屬關系，應用介詞of。故填of?！?6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他們認為，杭州菜雖然不同于中國北方菜的濃重口味，但絕不遜色。定語從句修飾先行詞northernChinesecuisines，在從句作主語，指物，故填which/that?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：他們認為，杭州菜雖然不同于中國北方菜的濃重口味，但絕不遜色。根據(jù)主句believe可知為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句主語為Hangzhou’scuisine，謂語用單數(shù)。故填is?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：相比之下，其他人則認為杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它們沒有味道，并對該市最著名的菜西湖醋魚提出了尖銳的批評，因為它的味道奇怪而令人不快。分析句子結構可知describe與邏輯主語others構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填describing。【39題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：相比之下，其他人則認為杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它們沒有味道，并對該市最著名的菜西湖醋魚提出了尖銳的批評，因為它的味道奇怪而令人不快。根據(jù)上文“itsstrangeand”可知，此處表示“令人不快的”應用形容詞unpleasant，作定語。故填unpleasant?！?0題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：隨著爭論的繼續(xù)，杭