2023年上海市中考英語二輪綜合復(fù)習(xí)-12 閱讀理解A篇之說明文（教師版）

重難點12閱讀理解A篇之說明文(教師版)

(建議用時：30分鐘)

命題趨勢

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通

過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,

C,D四個選項中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求

閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說明文，應(yīng)用文等。

滿分技巧

四種題型：

1?細(xì)節(jié)理解題

☆考察方面：學(xué)生對相關(guān)信息的識別能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答題事項：應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

☆干擾選項：一般與文中觀點相反，不符，未涉及，特征是無中生有，張冠李戴，以偏

概全，擴大內(nèi)容

解題技巧：

通讀短文，領(lǐng)會文章大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié)，特別注意：

1.五個W(who,which,when,where,what)和一個H(how)；

2.數(shù)字、日期、時間等；

3.注意加強語氣的詞，運用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.詞句猜測題

此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語或句子的含義，常用的方法是多種表達(dá)

法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習(xí)語釋文法及句型轉(zhuǎn)換法等。

解題技巧：

1.正確理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解，

推敲斟酌和最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。

2.根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的技巧：

(1)注意定義和解釋；

(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示；

(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示；

(4)利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系；

(5)借助已有知識或生活常識。

3.推理判斷題(不要自行推理+過度推理)

☆考察方面：透過文章的信息進(jìn)入深刻的分析，歸納和推斷得解

☆答題事項：應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

解題技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.尋找文章的邏輯思路。

4.核對問題中各項選擇與文章中有關(guān)詞句的聯(lián)系。

4.主旨大意題(BeSttitle)

☆考察方面：學(xué)生對文章主旨的駕馭能力，答案一般需要合理的歸納和總結(jié)得到

☆答題事項：通過略讀來快速把握文章的中心，閱讀時視域要寬，緊抓對主題句搜索，

按意群進(jìn)行閱讀，避免閱讀中的出聲，指讀，復(fù)視或停頓。

限時檢測

一、閱讀單選

TeaisanimportantpartofChinesetradition.TeahasverycloserelationshiptoChineseculture.

ItissaidthatChineseteawasdiscoveredbyKingShenNong.Peoplesaythathelived5,000yearsago.One

summerday,whilehewasvisitingafarawaypartofhiscountry,hefeltverythirsty.Theservantsbegantomake

waterhotenoughtoturnintogasforhimtodrink.Driedleavesfromanearplantfellintothewater.Theking

dranksome,andfounditcouldmakehimfeellesstired.Alsoasascientist,ShenNongwasinterestedinthenew

drink.Andso,teawasdiscoveredin2737BC.

Drinkingteahasmanyadvantages.Itmakespeoplefeellesstired,clearsheatinsidethehumanbodyand

helpspeopleloseweight.Asyouaddacupofteatoyourdailylife,pleasecheckthefollowinghelpfuladvice.

?Drinkithot.Teaoxidizes(氧化)quickly,soitissuggestedthatyoudrinkithot.

?Donotdrinktoomuchstrongtea.Itwillprobablybeharmfultoyourstomachandmakeyoufeelsickifyou

maketheteatoostrong.

?Thebesttimetodrinkteaisbetweenmeals.Itmaynotmakeyouhaveastrongwishtoeatwhenyour

stomachisempty,orcausestomachachewhenyourstomachisfull.

?Donotdrinkwithmedicine.Itmaychangethemedicalresult.Youcandrinkteatwohoursafteryoutake

medicine.

?Greenteaisthebestchoiceforofficeworkers.Why?Becausegreenteahelpsstopthebadresultofthe

computer.

1.Paragraph（段落）2ismainlyabout.

A.whenKingShenNonglived

B.whereChineseteawascreated

C.howChineseteawasdiscovered

D.whyKingShenNongdranktea

2.DrinkingteahaslotsofadvantagesEXCEPT.

A.helpingyouloseweight

B.lettingyoufeellesstired

C.havingastrongwishforfood

D.clearingheatinsideyourbody

3.Mr.Smithisacomputerteacher.He,dbetterdrink.

A.greentea

B.blacktea

C.strongtea

D.coffeewithmilk

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ShenNongdidn,tlikethenewdrink.

B.Thebesttimetodrinkteaisbeforemeals.

C.Drinkteahotbecauseitoxidizesquickly.

D.Weshoulddrinkteawithmedicine.

5.Thepassageismainlywrittento.

A.letusknowhowteawasdiscovered

B.givesomeadviceaboutdrinkingtea

C.tellpeoplethehistoryoftea

D.advisepeopletodrinkgreentea

【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.C5.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了茶的起源及喝茶的建議。

1.段落大意題。根據(jù)“ItissaidthatChineseteawasdiscoveredbyKingShenNOng.”可知第二段主要介紹了

茶在中國是怎么被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itmakespeoplefeellesstired,clearsheatinsidethehumanbodyandhelpspeoplelose

Weighr'以及“Itmaynotmakeyouhaveastrongwishtoeat”可知沒有提到喝茶對食物有強烈的愿望，故選

Co

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Greenteaisthebestchoiceforofficeworkers.Why?Becausegreenteahelpsstopthe

badresultoftheCOmPUter.”可知，綠茶有助于阻止電腦的帶來的傷害，所以計算機老師應(yīng)該喝綠茶，故選

Ao

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Drinkithot.Teaoxidizes（氧化）quickly,soitissuggestedthatyoudrinkithot.”可知

茶要趁熱喝，因為它氧化得很快。故選C。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章首先介紹了茶的起源，并且詳細(xì)給出了喝茶的建議，所以主要是給

出一些喝茶的建議，故選B。

Gulangyu,abeautifulisland,wassuccessfullylistedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageListonJuly8th,2017.

It,snotonlytheprideofmyhometown,buttheprideofthewholenation.

GulangyuisseparatedfromXiamenbythe600-metre-wideEgretRiver（鷺江）,withanareaof1.91square

kilometers.Ifslikeagardenonthewater.Youcangothereonlybyship.Cars,busesandbikesarenotallowedto

runontheisland.Itissoquietthatwhereveryougo,youcanhearthesoundofplayingthepiano.Asaresultof

this,itiscalled“theislandofmusic”.

ThefirstnameoftheislandwasYuanZhouZi.IntheMingdynasty,itwaschangedtoGulangyu,meaning

??drumwaves,,?Becausetheholesinthesouthwesternreefshitbythewavesmakesoundslikethedrumbeating.

Today,Gulangyuislistedasoneofthenation,smajortravellingplaces.Themainplacesofinteresthere

includetheSunlightRock,ShuzhuangPark,PianoMuseumandMemorialHaIltoZhengChenggongwhichare

visitedbymillionsofpeoplefromallpartsofthecountryandtheworld.What,smore,thebuildingsandfoodare

popularwithvisitors.

Therefore,Ihopeourgovernmentcanprotectthefairylandwell,especiallytheenvironment.

6.Wheredoesthewritercomefrom?

A.Beijing.B.Fujian.C.Japan.D.Idon,tknow.

7.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheareaofGulangyuislessthan2squarekilometers.

B.Gulangyuishonouredas“theislandofmusic^^and“agardenonthewater”.

C.GulangyugotitsnameintheTangdynasty.

D.GulangyuisontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListnow.

8.Theunderlinedword”reef?”inParagraph3probablymeans",,inChinese.

A.暗礁B.沙灘C.建筑D.漁船

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Gulangyudoesn,thavealonghistory.

B.Visitorsdon,tlikethebuildingsontheisland.

C.Gulangyuisfamousallovertheworld.

D.Thewriterisn,tworriedabouttheenvironmentalproblem.

10.Wheremaythepassagebefrom?

A.Astorybook.B.Aposter.C.Adiary.D.Ab?og.

【答案】6.B7.C8.A9.C10.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄的鼓浪嶼，它的地理位置，名字的由

來和它上面的主要景點。

6.判斷推理題。根據(jù)"It'snotonlytheprideofmyhometown,buttheprideofthewholenation.Gulangyuis

separatedfromXiamenbythe600-metre-wideEgretRiVer...”可知，鼓浪嶼是作者的家鄉(xiāng)，它在廈門，廈門屬

于福建省，可推測作者來自福建。故選B。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IntheMingdynasty,itwaschangedtoGulangyu,meaning'drumWaVeS’.”可知，明朝

改名為鼓浪嶼，并不是唐朝得到鼓浪嶼的名字。故選C。

8.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Becausetheholesinthesouthwesternreefshitbythewavesmakesoundslikethedrum

beating.“可知，因海浪撞擊在有洞的礁石上發(fā)出的聲音如同擊鼓，故得名鼓浪嶼，即西南部的礁石。故選

Ao

9.判斷推理題。根據(jù)“Gulangyu,abeautifiιlisland,wassuccessfullylistedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageList

OnJUIy8th,2017.”可知，鼓浪嶼被列入了世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，可推測鼓浪嶼聞名世界。故選C。

10.判斷推理題。根據(jù)"It'snotonlytheprideofmyhometown,buttheprideofthewholenation.“可知，文章

是作者對自己家鄉(xiāng)中的鼓浪嶼的介紹，可推測文章來自作者的博文。故選D。

“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.^^Friendsareimportanttous.Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.

Friendsalsoinfluenceusalot.Let,senjoytwopoemsaboutfriendship.

ATimetoTalkByRobertFrost

曲,贈WhenafriendcallstomefromtheroadAnd

魁I汪slowshishorsetoameaningwalk,Idon,tstand

:倫

alstillandlookaroundOnaiithehillsIhaven't

ToWangLun

I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo,Whensuddenlyhoed,AndshoutfromwhereIam,whatisit?

onshoreyourfarewellsongsyourfarewell.HoweverdeepNo,notasthereisatimetotalk.

（把鋤頭插

theLakeofPeachBlossomsmaybe,Itisnotsodeep,OIthrustmyhoeinthemellowground

WangLun!入松土）.Blade（刀片）-endupandfivefeettali,

Asyourloveforme.Andplod（吃力行進(jìn)）:Igouptothestonewall

forafriendlyvisit.

Bothpoemsarefamousintheircultures,buttheytelldifferentstories.LiBaidescribedthescene（場景）of

hisfriendseeinghimoff.USpoetRobertFrostwroteaboutafriend,svisitwhenhewasworking.Limadea

comparison.Hispoemshowsthefriendshipbetweenhimandhisfriendisdeeperthanthedeepwater.Frost,s

poem,ontheotherhand,tellsthereadersthatweshouldstopwhatwearedoingtotalkwithourfriends.Ittellsus

thatnothingshouldgetinthewayofspendingtimewithfriends.Thelanguageissimplebutsincere.

11.Whatarefriendsinthepassage?

φFriendsareinneed.?Friendsareimportanttous.

③FriendSinfluenceusalot.?Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.

A.①②③B.0@④C.①③④D.②③④

12.WhatscenedidLiBaidescribeinthepoem?

A.Shipsonthelake.B.WangLunseeinghimoff.

C.PeachBlossoms.D.SongssungbyWangLun.

13.WhatisdeeperthantheLakeofPeachBlossomsinthefirstpoem?

A.Friendship.B.Culture.C.Meaning.D.Comparison.

14.AccordingtoRobertFrost,whichoneistherightwaytotreatsomeoneWecareabout?

A.Standstillandlookaround.B.Finishtheworkthentalk.

C.Stopandhaveafriendlyvisit.D.Hoehillsandnevershout.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theendofthefriendship.B.Thepopularityofthepoems.

C.Thecomparisonofpeople.D.Theanalysis（分析）ofthepoems.

【答案】11.D12.B13.A14.C15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了兩首關(guān)于友誼的詩歌。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Friendsareimportanttous.Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.Friendsalso

influenceusalot.”可知，朋友對我們很重要，朋友幫助我們度過難關(guān)，朋友也對我們有很大影響。故選

Do

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo,Wliensuddenlyonshoreyourfarewellsongs

yourfarewell.HoweverdeeptheLakeofPeachBlossomsmaybe,Itisnotsodeep,OWangLun!Asyourlovefor

me.”可知，《贈汪倫》主要描寫了汪倫為李白送行。故選B。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HoweverdeeptheLakeofPeachBlossomsmaybe,Itisnotsodeep,OWangLUn!”可

知，比第一首詩中的桃花潭還要深的是友誼。故選A。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Frost'spoem,ontheotherhand,tellsthereadersthatweshouldstopwhatWearedoing

totalkwithourfriends.Ittellsusthatnothingshouldgetinthewayofspendingtimewithfriends.”可知,正確

方式是停下來去拜訪朋友。故選C。

15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，最后一段是對于詩歌主題的分析。故選D。

Thedigitalindustryisdevelopingrapidly.Thereareoversevenmillionjobsinthecomputerscienceand

technologyindustriesintheUnitedStatesalone.Yetthereisstillagendergap（性別差異）whenitcomesto

womenintechnology.Thesewomenfacemanychallenges（挑戰(zhàn)）and41%ofthemgiveuptrying.Sowhatcan

bedonetoclosethisgendergap?

First,womenneedtobeencouragedtoenterthefieldsofscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics

（STEM）,aswellascomputerscience.It,ssaidthat74%ofyoungwomenexpressinterestinSTEMsubjectsand

computerscience.However,womenholdonly18%ofundergraduate（本科）computersciencedegreesand26%

oftechnologyjobs.Earlyeducationmustconvey（傳遞）technologyasatoolthatcanbeusedtosolveproblemsin

reallife.

Manyyoungwomenareputoffbecausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,sjob.Womenareshortofrole

models.Only5%oftechleadersarewomen.Theycanplayahugeroleforyoungwomenbygivingthem

encouragement,supportandguidance.Theycanalsohelpattractmorewomentogetintothefield.However,men

workinginthetechindustryhaveadutytolistentowomenandkeepacomfortableworkcultureaswell.

IfWegoontoempower（授權(quán)）womeninthetechindustry,itwillbegoodforeveryone.

16.Whatistherateofwomenwhogiveuptryingintechnology?

A.5%.B.18%.C.26%.D.41%.

17.WhatisnotincludedinSTEM?

A.Science.B.English.C.Technology.D.Mathematics.

18.Whyareyoungwomendiscouragedfromworkingintechnologyindustries?

A.Becausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,sjob.

B.BecausetherearemanywomenrolemodelsinIT.

C.Becausetheyarenotinterestedincomputerscience.

D.Becausetechnologyisuselessinsolvingreallifeproblems.

19.Whatdomenneedtodo?

A.Betechleaders.B.Replacewomen.C.Listentowomen.D.Attractmoremen.

20.Whatisthepassageabout?

A.GendergapinIT.B.ComputerScience.C.MoreEncouragement.D.TechWorkCulture.

【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.C20.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了女性在科技行業(yè)包括數(shù)字行業(yè)中的占比少的情況，并給出了如何縮小科技行業(yè)

中的性別差異的建議。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesewomenfacemanychallenges（挑戰(zhàn)）and41%ofthemgiveuptrying."

可知，這些女性中有41%的人放棄了在科技方面的嘗試和努力。故選D。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“First,womenneedtobeencouragedtoenterthefieldsofscience,technology,

engineering,andmathematics（STEM）,aswellascomputerSeienCe.”可知，STEM不包括英語。故選Bo

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Manyyoungwomenareputoffbecausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,s

job.Womenareshortofrolemodels.Only5%oftechleadersareWOmen.”可知，因認(rèn)為科技是男性的工作，

許多女性就此被勸阻了前往科技行業(yè)的腳步，且女性缺乏在科技行業(yè)中的榜樣。故選A。

19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句"However,menworkinginthetechindustιyhaveadutytolisten

towomenandkeepacomfortableworkcultureaswell.”可知，就職于科技行業(yè)的男性有責(zé)任去傾聽女性的意

見，并且要維持一個舒適的工作文化。故選C。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yetthereisstillagendergap（性別差異）whenitcomestowomenin

technology.Thesewomenfacemanychallenges（挑戰(zhàn)）and41%ofthemgiveuptrying.Sowhatcanbedoneto

closethisgendergap?”及通讀全文后可知，文章介紹了科技行業(yè)中的性別差異——女性在此行業(yè)中占比

少，并給出了如何縮小此性別差異的建議，所以本文是一篇關(guān)于科技行業(yè)（信息行業(yè)等）中的性別差異

的文章。故選A。

Ahobbycanbealmostanythingapersonlikestodoinhisfreetime.Hobbyistskeeppets,buildmodelships,

watchbirds,climbmountains,growflowers,fish,ski,skate,swim,etc.Hobbyistsalsopaintpictures,attend

concertsandplaysandperformonmusicalinstruments.Theycollecteverythingfrombookstobutterflies,and

fromcoinstostamps.

Peoplehavehobbiesbecausetheseactivitiesofferenjoyment,friendship,knowledgeandrelaxation.

Sometimestheyevenmakesomemoneybyfollowingahobby.Hobbieshelppeoplerelaxafterhardwork,and

provideabalance（平衡）betweenworkandplay.Hobbiesalsooffermoreinterestingactivitiesforpersonswho

haveretired（退休）.Anyone,richorpoor,oldoryoung,sickorwell,canfollowaninterestinghobby.

Hobbiescanhelpapersonsmental（精神的）andphysicalhealth.Doctorshavefoundthathobbiesarehelpful

forpatientstorecover（恢復(fù)）fromphysicalormentalillness.Hobbiesgivepatientssomethingtodo,andprovide

interestthatkeepsthemfromthinkingaboutthemselves.

Inearlyyears,mostpeopleweretoobusymakingalivingtohavemanyhobbies.Butsomepersonswho

werefreeenjoyhobbies.

Peopletodayhavemoretimethanbeforeforhobbies.Machineshavereduced（減少）theamount（數(shù)量）time

theymustspendontheirjobs.Morepeopleretireatanearlieragethanbefore.Thosewhohavedevelopedhobbies

neverneedtoworryaboutwhattodowiththeirfreehours.

SirWilliamOsier,afamousCanadiandoctor,expressedthevalueofhobbiesbysaying,??Nomanisreally

happyorsafewithoutahobby.^^

21.Accordingtothepassage,ahobbymaybe.

A.one,scommonactivityinhisoffice

B.akindofactivityonlyforoldpeople

C.akindofactivityonlyforyoungpeople

D.akindofactivityapersonlikestodoinhisfreetime

22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hobbiescanofferenjoyment,friendship,knowledgeandrelaxation.

B.Hobbiescanhelppeoplerelaxafterhardwork.

C.Hobbiescanofferlowinterestingactivitiesforoldpeople.

D.Hobbiescanbefollowedbypoorandsickpeople.

23.Doctorsfoundthehobbiesareaccordingtothepassage.

A.helpfulforpatientstobecomewellagainfromillness

B.