聽力教程第二版第二冊Unit5答案解析

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Unit5

SectionOneTacticsforListening

Part2listeningandNote-taking

Reading

B:Whenshouldachildstartlearningtoreadandwrite?ThisisoneofthequestionsIammostfrequentlyasked.Thereisnohardandfastrule,fornotwoarealike,anditwouldbewrongtosetatimewhenallshouldstartbeingtaughttheinsandoutsofreadingletterstoformwords.

Ifathree-year-oldwantstoread<orevenatwo-year-oldforthatmatter>,thechilddeservestobegiveneveryencouragement.Thefactthatheorshemightlaterbe"bored"whenjoiningaclassofnon-readersatinfantschoolistheteacher'saffair.Itisuptotheteachertoseethatsuchachildisgivenmoreadvancedreadingmaterial.

Similarly,thechildwhostillcannotreadbythetimehegoestojuniorschoolattheageofsevenshouldbegiveneveryhelpbyteachersandparentsalike.Theyshouldmakecertainthatheisnotdyslexic*.Ifheis,specialisthelpshouldimmediatelybesought.

Althoughparentsshouldbecarefulnottoforceyoungstersagedtwotofivetolearntoread<ifbadlydoneitcouldputthemoffreadingforlife>thereisnoharminpreparingthemforsimplerecognitionoflettersbylabellingvariousitemsintheirroom.Forinstance,byanicepieceofcardboardtiedtotheirbedwithBEDwritteninneat-bigletters.

Shouldtheyoungchildaskhisparentstoteachhimtoread,andiftheparentsarecapableofdoingso,suchanappealshouldnotbeignored.Butthetaskshouldbeundertakengently,withgreatpatienceandasenseofhumour.Readingshouldneverbemadetolooklikeachoreandthechildshouldneverbeforcedtocontinue,shouldhisintereststarttoflag*.

ExerciseA:

1.Thereisnohardandfastrule,fornotwoarealike.

2.Thefactthatheorshemightlaterbe"bored"whenjoiningaclassofnon-readersatinfantschoolistheteacher'saffair.

3.Ifbadlydoneitcouldputthemoffreadingforlife

4.Butthetaskshouldbeundertakengently.

5.Readingshouldneverbemadetolooklikeachore.

ExerciseB:

Itwouldbewrongtosetatimewhenachildshouldstartlearningtoreadandwrite.Parentsshouldencourageyoungstersagedtwotofivetoreadiftheyshowinterestsinit,butneverforcethemtolearntoread.Heorshemightlaterbe"bored"whenjoiningaclassofnon-readersatinfantschool.Thenitisuptheteachertoseethatsuchachildisgivenmoreadvancedreadingmaterial.

Similarly,ifachildcannotreadattheageofseventeachersandparentsshouldmakecertainthatheisnotdyslexic.Ifheis,specialisthelpshouldimmediatelybesought

Parentsshouldnotignoretheyoungchild'sappealtoteachhimtoread.Butthetaskshouldbeundertakengently,withgreatpatienceandasenseofhumourReadingshouldneverbemadetolooklikeachoreandthechildshouldneverbeforcedtocontinue,ifhisinterestsstarttofalg

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogues

Dialogue1DigitalSound

{Music}

MIKE:Wow!Nice.CDshavesuchgoodsound.DoyoueverwonderhowtheymakeCDs?

KATHY:Well,theygetabunchofmusicianstogether,andtheysingandplay.

MIKE:Comeon.YouknowwhatImean.Whyisthesoundqualitysogood?Imean,whydoCDssoundsomuchclearerthancassettetapes?

KATHY:Actually,Idoknowthat.

MIKE:Really'?

KATHY:It'sallbasedondigitalsound.CDsaredigital.Digitalsoundislikeseveralphotos,alltakenoneafteranother.It'skindoflikepicturesofsound.Theintensityofthesound–howstrongitis--ismeasuredveryquickly.Thenit'smeasuredagainandagain.Whenwehearthesound,itallsoundslikeonelongpieceofsound,butit'sreallylotsofpiecesclosetogether.Andeachpieceisreallyclear.

M1KE:Sodigitalislikelotsofshort"pieces"ofsound.

KATHY.Exactly.Thisisdifferentfromanalog*--that'showtheyusedtorecord.Analogismorelikeonewaveofsound.Itmovesupanddownwithvolumeandpitch.Anyway,analogislikeasinglewave.Digitalislikeaseriesofpieces.

MIKE:OK,Iunderstandthat.ButhowdotheymaketheCDs?

KATHY:Itoldyou,Mike.Theygetabunchofmusicianstogether,andtheysingandplay.

MIKE:Kathy!

KATHY:No.Whatreallyhappensisfirsttheydoadigitalrecording--onvideotape.

MIKE:Onvideotape.

KATHY:Yeah,theyusevideotape.Sothenthevideotapeisplayedthroughacomputer.

MIKE:OK.Whatdoesthecomputerdo?

KATHY:Well,thecomputerisusedtofigureoutthe"pieces"ofsoundweweretalkingabout;howlongeverythingis,howfarapartspacesare.

MIKE:OK.Sothecomputerisfiguringoutthoseseparate"pieces"ofsound.

KATHY:Yeah.Theyneedtodothattomakethemaster.

MIKE:Themaster?

KATHY:ThemasteristheoriginalthatalltheotherCDsarecopiedfrom.It'smadeofglass.It'saglassdiskthatspinsaround--justlikearegularCD.Andtheglassdiskiscoveredwithachemical.Theyusealasertobumthesignal,orthesong,intotheglassplate.Thelaserburnsthroughthechemical,butnotthroughtheglass.

MIKE:Sothelasercutsthesoundintotheplate.

KATHY:Right.Whatit'sdoingiscuttinglittleholes.intothebackofthedisk.

Thoseholesarecalled"pits."Thelaserputsinthepits.

MIKE:SoCDsreallyhavelittleholesontheback?Ididn'tknowthat.

KATHY:Yeah.Tinypits.They'retoosmalltosee.[Pause.]Anyway,thenthey'vegotthemaster,andtheymakecopiesfromit.ThenyoubuyyourcopyandputitintheCDplayer.

MIKE:PutitintheCDplayer...ThatpartIunderstand.

KATHY:There'sanotherlaserinyourCDplayer.ThelightofthelaserreflectsofftheCD.ThesmoothpartoftheCDreflectsstraightback,likeamirror.Butthelightthatbouncesoffthepitsisscattered.Anyway,thecomputerinyourCDplayerreadsthelightthatbouncesoffthepits.Andyougetthemusic.

MIKE:Reflectedlight,huh?...Uh...youknewwhatIlike?Justrelaxing,listeningtomusic,andnotreallyworryingabouthowitgetsonthedisk.

KATHY:Youwantmetoexplainitagain?

「Music」

A:

Quality

Recordingtechnique

Digitalsound

Muchclearer

Digitalsoundislikeseveralphotosalltakenoneafteranother.It'sKindoflikepicturesofsound,Digitalislikeaseriesofpieces.

Analogicalsound

Aanlogismorelikeonewaveofsound.Itmovesupanddownwithvolumeandpitch.Analogislikeasinglewave

B:

I.ThemakingoftheCDs

A.Recording

a.Theygetabunchofmusicianstogether,singingandplaying.

b.Firsttheydoadigitalrecording--onvideotape.

c.Thenthevideotapeisplayedthroughacomputer.

d.Thecomputerfiguresoutthoseseparate"pieces"ofsoundtomakethemaster.

B.Themakingofthemaster

a.ThemasteristheoriginalthatalltheotherCDsarecopiedfrom.

b.It'smadeofglass,coveredwithachemical.

c.Theyuselasertoburnthesignal,orthesong,intotheglassplate.Thelaserbumsthroughthechemical,butnotthroughtheglass.

d.Itcutslittleholesintothebackofthedisk.Thoseholesarecalled"pits."

e.Theymakecopiesfromit.

II.Playingback

A.YoubuythecopyandputitintheCDplayer.

B.ThelightofthelaserreflectsofftheCD.

a.ThesmoothpartoftheCDreflectsstraightback,likeamirror.

b.Butthelightthatbouncesoffthepitsisscattered.

c.ThecomputerinyourCDplayerreadsthelightthatbouncesoffthepits.

d.Yougetthemusic.

Dialogue2LostinTranslation

Man:Here'soneIwouldn'thavethoughtof.Youknowthose"beforeandafter"commercialsforlaundrysoap?

Woman:Theoneswithapileofdirtyclothesononesideandthenthesameclothesafterthey've

beenwashed?Sure.

Man:TherewasanAmericancompanythathadoneofthoseads.Itwasreallysuccessfulin

NorthAmerica.Intheadtherewasapileofdirtyclothesontheleft,aboxofthelaundrysoapinthemiddle,andapileofcleanclothesontheright.So,themessagewasthataboxofthisdetergent*wouldmakereallydirtyclothesclean.

Woman:Yeah?

Man:SowhatdoyouthinkhappenedwhentheyusedtheadintheMiddleEast?

Woman:Idon'tknow.

Man:Thinkaboutit.IntheMiddleEast,languagesarewrittenfromrighttoleft.Peoplelookatthingsfromrighttoleft.

Woman:Soitlookedlikethesoapmadetheclothesdirty?

Man:"Oursoapwillmakeyourclothesdirty!"Notaverysmartadcampaign.

Woman:Theyshouldhavechangedtheorderofthepictures.Theyshouldhaveputthepictureofthecleanclothesontheleftsideandthedirtyclothesontheright.

Man:Really.

Man:Oh,here'sanotherone.SomeshirtmakerputanadinaMexicanmagazine.

Woman:And?

Man:Well,theadwassupposedtosay,"WhenIworethisshirt,1feltgood."Buttheymadeatranslationmistake.

Woman:Whatdidtheysay?

Man:Insteadof"WhenIworethisshirt,"theadsaid,"Until1worethisshirt,Ifeltgood."

Woman:"UntilIworethisshirt,Ifeltgood"?Gee,changingonelittlewordgaveittheopposite

meaning.

Man:Thearticlesayssometimesit'snotjusttheadvertisingsloganthatgetscompaniesintotrouble.Sometimesthecompanynamecanscareoffbusiness.

Woman:Whatdoyoumean?

Man:Well,therewasalargeoilcompanyintheUnitedStatescalledEnco:E-N-C-O.

Woman:Yeah,Irememberthem.

Man:TheyopenedsomegasstationsinJapan,andtheyadvertisedusingtheirAmericanname.Unfortunately,theydidn'tknowwhatthewordmeansinJapanese.

Woman:Whatdoesitmean?

Man:"Enco"isashortwayofsaying"Enginestop"inJapanese.

Woman:Great.Wouldyoubuygasolinefromacompanythatsaidyourcarenginewould

stop?

Man:No,andneitherdidtheJapanese.

Exercise:

Productadvertised

Descriptionofthead

Message

Mistakemade

detergent

Intheadtherewasapileofdirtyclothesontheleft,aboxofthelaundrysoapinthemiddle,andapileofcleanclothesontheright.

Thisdetergentwouldmakereallydirtyclothesclean.

IntheMiddleEast,they

shouldhavechangedthe

orderofthepictures.

shirt

WhenIworethisshirt,Ifeltgood.

Theymadeatranslation

mistake,whichchangedthemeaninginto"untilIworethisshirt,Ifeltgood."

gas

TheyadvertisedusingtheirAmericanname.Unfortunately,whichisashortwayofsaying"Enginestop"inJapanese.

Part2Passages

Passage1Toothbrush

Brushingourteeth--suchacommonplaceactivitytoday,hasbeenaroundforalongtime.Imagine:theancientEgyptianswerealreadyconcernedabouttheirdentalhygiene!Weknowthistodaybecausetheyalsohadthegoodhabitofbeingentombed*withalltheirtreasures...Sowewereabletodiscoverthattombsfrom3,000yearsbeforeChristcontainedsmalltreebrancheswhoseendshadbeenfrayed*intosoftfibers.It'scomicaltoimagineanEgyptianstoppingtobrushhisteethafterameal,onhisbreakfrombuildingapyramid!

Thetrueancestorofourtoothbrush,however,wasinventedbytheChineseinthe15thcenturyandbroughtbacktoEuropebytravellers.ThistoothbrushwasmadeofhairsfromtheneckofaSiberianwildboarwhichwerefixedtoabambooorbonehandle.ThepeopleoftheOccident*,however,foundthewildboarhairstoostiff.Atthetime,veryfewpeopleintheWesternworldbrushedtheirteeth,andthosewhodidpreferredhorsehairs,whichweresofterthanthoseofthewildboar!InEurope,itwasmorecustomaryaftermealstouseagoosefeathertoothpick,oronemadeofsilverorcopper.Otheranimals'hairwasalsousedfordentalcare,rightupuntilthiscentury.ButitwasthepoorSiberianwildboarthattookthebruntofit.Theanimalwasimportedforitsneckhairsforalong,longtime...infact,untilnylonwasinvented,inthe20thcentury!

In1937,intheDuPontlaboratoriesinNemours,U.S.,nylonwasinventedbyWallaceH.Carothers.In1938,thisnewmaterialbecameasymbolofmodernismandprosperitythroughthecommercializationofnylonstockingsandofDr.West'smiracletoothbrushwithnylonbristles.Thewildboarswerefinallyoffthehook!

Atfirst,evenifthereweremanyadvantagestousingthisnewbrushinsteadoftheonemadewithwildboarhairs<whichfellout,wouldn'tdryverywellorbecamefullofbacteria>,theconsumerswerenotentirelysatisfied.Thisisbecausethenylonbristleswereverystiffandhurtthegums.In1950,DuPontimprovedtheirtoothbrushbygivingitsofterbristles.

Todaythebrands,types,andcoloursoftoothbrushesonthemarketarealmostendless.Inspiteofthis,certainAfricanandAmericanpopulationsstillusetreebranchestocarefortheirteeth!

ExerciseA:

First,thetoothbrushwasmadeofhairsfromtheneckofaSiberianwildboar.Second,thetoothbrushwasmadeofhorsehairsandotheranimals'hairs.Inthe20thcentury,thetoothbrushwasmadeofnylonbristles.

ExerciseB:

1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.D7.C8.D

ExerciseC:

1.InEgypt,tombsfrom3,000yearsbeforeChristcontainedsmalltreebrancheswhoseendshadbeenfrayedintosoftfibers.

2.Inthe15thcentury,Europeansusuallyuseagoosefeathertoothpick,oronemadeofsilverorcoppertocarefortheirteeth.

3.Peopleusedanimals'hairfordentalcarerightupuntilthe20thcenturywhennylonwasinvented.

4.In1937,intheDuPontlaboratoriesinNemours,U.S.,nylonwasinventedbyWallaceH.Carothers.

5.CertainAfricanandAmericanpopulationsstillusetreebranchestocarefortheirteeth.

Part3News

NewsItem1

SectionThreeOralWork

Retelling

Scheduledtoaddressthenationoneday,WinstonChurchill,runningunusuallylate,hailedacabinLondon'sWestEndandorderedhimtodrivetotheBBCasquicklyaspossible.

"Sorry,sir,"thedriverreplied."You'llhavetofindyourselfanothercab."

"Andwhyisthat?"Churchillasked.

"Ordinarilyitwouldn'tbeaproblem,sir,"thedriverapologeticallyexplained,"butMrChurchillisbroadcastingatsixo'clockandIwanttogethomeintimetohearhim."

Churchill,greatlyflattered,tookapoundnotefromhiswalletandhandedittothecabbie.Themangladlytookthetip:"Hopin,sir?heexclaimed."ThedevilwithMrChurchill!"

SectionFourSupplementaryExercises

ReadingRecovery

Morethan1millionschoolchildrenintheUnitedStateshavegonethroughaprogramcalledReadingRecovery.Theprogramisforsix-year-oldswhoarestrugglingtolearntoread,

TheReadingRecoveryCouncilofNorthAmericasaysmorethanone-fifthofUnitedStatespublicschoolswithfirstgradesusetheprogram.

TheReadingRecoverymethodcallsforaspeciallytrainedreadingteachertoworkWithchildrenoneatatime.Thelessonstakeahalf-houreachschoolday.Theyemployreading,writingandthestudyofthelettersofthealphabet.

ReadingRecoverycametotheUnitedStatesin1984.EducationexpertMarie<pronouncedMAHR-ee>ClayofNewZealanddevelopedtheprogram.Anumberofothercountriesalsousethismethod.Programscandifferfromschooltoschool.

ReadingRecoverylessonstakeplacefortwelvetotwentyweeks.Duringthelessons,theteacherlooksforwaysthatthechildseemstolearnbest.Thentheteacherworkstohelpthestudentdevelopthesestrategiestosolveproblemsinreading.Theideaisforthestudenttocontinuetouseandextendthesestrategieseachtimeheorshereads.

ReadingRecoverystudentsreadmanyshortbooks.Someofthebooksarewritteninawaysimilartospokenlanguage.Childrenalsoreadandwritestoriesormessagesintheirownwords.Thematerialgetsharderwithtime.

Thelessonsendwhenthestudent'sreadingabilityiswithintheaverageleveloftheclass.TheReadingRecoveryCouncilofNorthAmericasayseightypercentofstudentswhofinishthelessonscanreadandwritewithintheirclassaverage.

Thecouncilisagroupwith11,000members.Thegroupnamedanewpresidentthismonth.MaryJacksonisdirectorofspecialprogramsfortheFortBendpublicschoolsysteminSugarLand,Texas.MizzJacksonsaysmorethan99percentoftheReadingRecoverystudentsintheschoolspassedthestatereadingexamination.

Someadministrators*maynotlikethehighercostoftheReadingRecoverymethodcomparedtootherinterventions*.Teachers,afterall,workwithonlysmal