成人本科學(xué)位英語閱讀理解專項強化真題試卷20(題后含答案及解析)

成人本科學(xué)位英語閱讀理解專項強化真題試卷20(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.IsHalloweencelebratedwhereyoulive?IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,HalloweeniswidelyknownandcelebratedeveryyearonOctober31.Halloweencustoms,though,canbefoundinmanyotherpartsoftheglobe.Insomeplacesholidaysarecelebratedthat,althoughnameddifferently,sharesimilarthemes:contactwiththespiritworldinvolvingthespiritsofthedead,thedevilandangels.Personally,youmaynotbelieveinsupernaturalspirits.YoumightsimplyviewtakingpartinHalloweenandsimilarcelebrationsasawaytohavefunandteachyourchildrentoexploretheirimagination.Manypeople,though,regardthesecelebrationsasharmfulforthefollowingreasons:Firstly,Halloweenisactuallyrelatedtotheprospectofcontactwithspiritualforces,manyofwhichthreatenorfrighten.Likewise,manycelebrationslikeHalloweenhavereligiousoriginsandaredeeplyrootedinancestorworship(祖先崇拜).Eventoday,peoplearoundtheworldusethesedaystomakecontactwithsupposedspiritsofthedead.Secondly,althoughHalloweenhasbeenviewedmainlyasanAmericanholiday,eachyearpeopleinmoreandmorecountrieshavebeenadoptingit.Manynewcomerstothecelebration,however,areunawareofthereligiousoriginsofHalloweensymbols,decorations,andcustoms,mostofwhicharerelatedtosupernaturalbeingsandsupernaturalforces.Thirdly,thousandsofpeople,whofollowancientCelts(凱爾特人),stillcallHalloweenbytheancientnameSamhainandconsiderittobethemostsacrednightoftheyear.Othersdon’trealizeit,whilethey’recelebratingtheCelticholiday.Inviewoftheforegoing,itiswiseforyoutoknowaboutthedarkoriginsofHalloweenandsimilarcelebrations.Havingthisfullerunderstandingmayhelpyoudecidewhethertoparticipateintheseholidays.1．Accordingtotheauthor,thethemeofHalloweenisto______.A．celebratetheharvestseasonB．spreadreligiousteachingsC．contactthespiritofthedeadD．helpchildrenexploretheirimagination正確答案：C2．ManypeopleregardHalloweencelebrationsasharmfulbecause______.A．thecelebrationscandisturbthedeadB．someofthecelebrationactivitiesarefrighteningC．childrenmaybefrightenedbysupernaturalforcesD．someofthecelebrationsareverydangerous正確答案：B3．ThosewhocelebrateHalloweenwithoutknowingitsoriginsmay______.A．notunderstandHalloween’struemeaningB．a(chǎn)ctasstrangelyasthedeadandthedevilsC．ruintheatmosphereofthecelebrationsD．changetheirreligiousbeliefs正確答案：A4．Accordingtothepassage,Halloweenwasprobablyfirstcelebratedby______.A．AmericansB．CanadiansC．IndiansD．Celts正確答案：D5．Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.A．warnpeoplenottocelebrateHalloweenanymoreB．criticizetheHalloweencelebrationactivitiesC．tellpeopletobecarefulindecidingwhethertocelebrateHalloweenD．promotethetraditionofHalloweenanditscelebrations正確答案：CAmericansusetheterm“collegestudents”tomeanstudentseitherincollegesoruniversities.Notonlythat,Americansalmostneversay“goingofftouniversity”or“whenIwasinuniversity.”ThatsoundsBritish.Instead,theysay“goingofftocollege”and“whenIwasincollege.”College,university:what’sthedifference?Collegesanduniversitieshavemanythingsincommon.Bothofferundergraduatedegreesintheartsandsciences,forexample.Andbothcanhelpprepareyoungpeopletoearnaliving.Butmanycollegesdonotoffergraduatestudies.Anotherdifferenceisthatuniversitiesaregenerallybigger.Theyoffermoreprogramsanddomoreresearch.Anotherplaceofhighereducation,especiallyintechnicalareas,isaninstitute,liketheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Yetevenaninstituteoftechnologycanofferawidechoiceofprogramsandactivities.M.I.T.saysthat75percentoffreshmencometherewithastronginterestandinvolvementinthearts.ModernuniversitiesdevelopedfromthoseofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theword“university”camefromtheLatinuniversitas,describingagroupofpeopleorganizedforacommonpurpose.“College”camefromcollegium,aLatinwordwithasimilarmeaning.InEngland,collegeswereformedtoprovidestudentswithplacestolive.Usuallyeachgroupwasstudyingthesamething.Socollegecametomeananareaofstudy.ThefirstAmericanuniversitiesdividedtheirstudiesintoanumberofareasandcalledeachoneacollege.Thisisstilltrue.Acollegecanalsobeapartofauniversity.Forexample,HarvardCollegeistheundergraduatepartofHarvardUniversity.Programsinhigherlearningcanalsobecalledschools,likeaschoolofengineeringoramedicalschoolwithinuniversity.Youknow,learningallthesetermsisaneducationinitself.6．Americansuse“collegestudents”torefertostudentseitherincollegesoruniversities,because______.A．therearemorecollegesthanuniversitiesinAmericaB．collegesanduniversitiesareactuallythesameC．bothcollegesanduniversitiescanofferdegreesD．collegesanduniversitieshavemanythingsincommon正確答案：D7．Oneofthedifferencesbetweencollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.A．collegesdonotdoresearchB．nocollegeoffersgraduatestudiesC．collegesoftenofferfewerprogramsD．universitiesdon’tprovidedormitories正確答案：C8．Accordingtothepassage,institutes______.A．covernootherareasbuttechnicalonesB．havefunctionssimilartocollegesanduniversitiesC．provide75%oftheirprogramsintechnicalareasD．a(chǎn)reatalowerlevelofhighereducation正確答案：B9．Thetermsof“college”and“university”inLatin______.A．havesimilarmeaningsB．meanquitedifferentlyC．refertothesamethingD．a(chǎn)reconfusinginEnglish正確答案：A10．Themainideaofthispassageisto______.A．introducetheinstitutionsinhighereducationB．evaluatetheinstitutionsinhighereducationC．clarifytheinstitutiontermsinhighereducationD．classifytheinstitutionsinhighereducation正確答案：CIsthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleep?Don’tthinkyourfatcellswon’tnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine(amedicaljournal)findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin(胰島素)byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood),fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’s“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.(76)ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehourspernight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights—butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.(77)Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,“hesays.Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids(血脂).”whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstarttobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstarttoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.11．Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.A．heartdiseaseB．weightgainC．diabetesD．liverdisease正確答案：A解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話Overthelong-term，thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood)，fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain．可知長期缺乏睡眠會導(dǎo)致體重增加、Ⅱ型糖尿病和脂肪肝而沒說會導(dǎo)致心臟病。因此選擇A。12．Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____.A．howtowriteamedicalresearchpaperB．howtoavoidsleeplossC．howtheresearchwasconductedD．howtoconductamedicalexperiment正確答案：C解析：自然段的主旨大意題。第三段主要介紹整個實驗實施的程序與步驟。因此選擇C。13．Whatdoestheword“l(fā)each”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Leap.B．Lead.C．Lean.D．Leak.正確答案：D解析：詞匯解釋題。根據(jù)最后一段thelipids后面一句話的描述，血脂開始從脂肪細胞中滲出并在血流中增加?？芍猯each和leak同義，意為“泄露、露出”。14．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.B．Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelinkbetweensleepandweight.C．Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.D．Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.正確答案：B解析：正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin．可以得知當脂肪細胞對胰島素的反應(yīng)變得較少時，不好的事情就可能發(fā)生。所以A選項正確。從文章第二段最后一句話Morethan1in5ofus…可以得知C選項正確。從文章最后一段第二句“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend”…脂肪細胞實際上是你的朋友，可知D選項表述正確。15．Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A．PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDiseaseB．SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudyC．AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleepD．BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriend正確答案：A解析：主旨題。本文中心思想是睡眠缺乏將導(dǎo)致脂肪細胞對胰島素的反應(yīng)能力降低，從而引起健康方面的疾病，包括糖尿病、脂肪肝及身體肥胖。所以正確選項應(yīng)選擇A。Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic(北極)ishome.(78)Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerandlargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt(融化).Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld’s20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.Polarbearscan’tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.(79)Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal’sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks(大片浮冰),andtheycan’talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistcfPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome.“Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe’llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,”hesays.16．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ClimateChangeintheArcticB．HowtoProtecttheEnvironmentC．TheArcticIsHometoPolarBearsD．PolarBearsinDanger正確答案：D解析：主旨題。全文都是圍繞北極熊由于生存環(huán)境的惡化而瀕臨滅絕展開的，因此選擇D。17．Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?A．Onland.B．Inopenwater.C．Inopeningsintheseaice.D．Atthebottomofthesea.正確答案：C解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice．可知選擇C。18．Theword“cubs”inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.A．a(chǎn)dultsB．babiesC．huntersD．enemies正確答案：B解析：詞匯解釋題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers…說的是被迫與母親分開，可知是北極熊寶寶。19．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybekilledeitherforfoodorsafety.B．Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.C．Two-thirdsoftheworld’spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarmingcontinues.D．Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.正確答案：C解析：正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句：專家說如果溫室效應(yīng)持續(xù)下去，到2050年北極將沒有夏季海冰。那也將導(dǎo)致世界上2萬只北極熊中的2／3死亡?？芍x擇C。20．What’sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?A．Savingenergy.B．Conductingscientificresearch.C．Seekinginternationalcooperation.D．Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.正確答案：D解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandmeirhome．可知選擇C。Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate(有讀寫能力的)withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis(耳濡目染)inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild’smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue(美德).Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed(使融入)itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmotives.(80)It’salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenastudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,“thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!”wedrawoutfromthemt