2022屆高考英語(yǔ)深度閱讀系列訓(xùn)練10

高考英語(yǔ)深度閱讀系列訓(xùn)練第10課時(shí)

編寫說(shuō)明

學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇限時(shí)訓(xùn)練中，對(duì)一篇文章沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)細(xì)讀，理解的不深不透，但是，對(duì)于選擇答案的影響

不是很大，讀不懂的地方也可以猜出答案來(lái)，這樣的訓(xùn)練叫做“考場(chǎng)式”訓(xùn)練；而在精讀課堂上學(xué)習(xí)一篇文章的

時(shí)候，從詞句到篇章，從細(xì)節(jié)到主旨等方方面面，對(duì)一篇文章理解的很透徹，這叫做“精讀式”的閱讀。目前,

在語(yǔ)篇訓(xùn)練中存在低效問(wèn)題，這是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生無(wú)意識(shí)地采用了“考場(chǎng)式”而不是“精讀式”的訓(xùn)練方法。但是，平

時(shí)的語(yǔ)篇閱讀訓(xùn)練畢竟不是在考場(chǎng)，除了追求速度，更要培養(yǎng)深度理解能力。應(yīng)該將“考場(chǎng)式”和“精讀式”訓(xùn)

練方法結(jié)合起來(lái)，在語(yǔ)境中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。本系列訓(xùn)練通過(guò)導(dǎo)讀，突出重點(diǎn)單詞、詞塊以及長(zhǎng)難句的訓(xùn)練，旨在

培養(yǎng)學(xué)生深度精讀的習(xí)慣，訓(xùn)練有效處理語(yǔ)篇的能力，在閱讀訓(xùn)練中積累語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，進(jìn)而提高語(yǔ)篇訓(xùn)練的效果。

第一節(jié)閱讀理解

閱讀下面短文，從短文后個(gè)體所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersare

unlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.By

connectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems（生

態(tài)系統(tǒng)）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalRungFarmers

Coalition（NYFC,美國(guó)青年農(nóng)會(huì)豆ndafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmall

farmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,

JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmersto

harvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour-ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsby

hand——suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,

smallfarmerscouldn'ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetter

pricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.

Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.One

crucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakes

owningone'sownlandunaltainablcformanynewfarmers.

From2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.Another

challengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship

—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering（多于）farmers

youngerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation*sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthe

pathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation'sfood.

Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan't

clumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmland

conservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseand

ambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumers

musttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.

l.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce

A.theprogressmadeincarindustryB.aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry

2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?

A.Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.

B.Technologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.

C.Competitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierce

D.Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.

3.Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfamers?

A.Togainmorefinancialaid.B.Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.

C.Tohavefansoftheirown.D.Towinoldfarmers'support.

4.Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?

A.SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.B.Expandfarmlandconservation.

C.BecomemembersofNYFC.D.Investmoretoimprovetechnology.

第二節(jié)精深語(yǔ)篇

一.寫出文中劃線詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的詞義

I.disturb_______________

2.transform_______________

3.combination______________

4.sustainable________________

5.fundamental______________

6.crucial_____________

7.established_________________

8.unattainable______________

9.qualified__________

10.barrier________________

11.ensure___________

12.ambitious__________

13.innovation_____________

二.寫出文中劃線詞組在語(yǔ)境中的含義

1.getthebestof

2.clearthepathfor

3.urge...to

4.pushfor

5.takeastand

三.詞匯應(yīng)用

disturb（1-3在橫線上寫出劃線部分中文釋義；4變換詞形）

1.Ifyougetupearly,trynottodisturbeveryoneelse.

2.Don'tdisturbthepapersonmydesk.

3.Itdisturbedhertorealizethatshewasalone.

4.Shefeltwhensheheardthenews,(disturb)

combination（1-2根據(jù)句意用正確的形式或短語(yǔ)填空；3翻譯句子）

1.Thesepaintscanbeusedindividuallyor.這些涂料可單獨(dú)或混合使用

2.Theorymustbewithpractice.理論必需同實(shí)踐結(jié)合。

3.MarieCuriecombinedfamilyandcareer.

翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________

establish（1用正確的形式填空；2-3解釋劃線單詞和短語(yǔ)）

1.Thecommitteewasin1912.這個(gè)委員會(huì)創(chuàng)立于1912年。

2.Bythenshewasestablishedasastar.

3.Heisanestablishedactor.

四.長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯要求：L劃主干，找出關(guān)聯(lián)詞，判斷從句類型，弄清主從句的附屬成分;2.翻譯句子

1.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition（NYFC,美國(guó)青年農(nóng)會(huì)）andafamilyfarmermyself,1

haveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

分析：______________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________

2.Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.One

crucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.

分析：______________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________

3.Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan't

clumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.

分析：______________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________

4.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.

分析：______________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：______________________________________________________________________________________

第三節(jié)模仿訓(xùn)練要求：1.做閱讀理解;2.劃出重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)以及句型，整理在線格處;3.分析長(zhǎng)難句

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.

Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedto

establishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthat

influencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasia（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatched

theirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditas

sweeterandmoretasty.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:

thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser-theydidn'tfeelfuller,andthey

werejustasreadyfordessert.

Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-food

places,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorder

thatextraround:putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.

Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayed

longerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—nbadMtables,crowding,highprices—don't

necessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcan

beconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tables/giventhattheyYeprofitable.As

forcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.

Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

l.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere

A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

C.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided

2.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?

A.playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.

C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.

3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

詞匯與句型積累：

高考英語(yǔ)深度閱讀系列訓(xùn)練第10課時(shí)

參考答案

第一節(jié).閱讀理解

本文為說(shuō)明文。文章作者作為全國(guó)青年農(nóng)民聯(lián)盟（NYFC）的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，分析了美國(guó)小農(nóng)場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)及目前美國(guó)

小農(nóng)場(chǎng)所面臨的問(wèn)題，督促國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)某些領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行改革以支持美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)小農(nóng)場(chǎng)的發(fā)展

I.B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:

Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.可知，一般人不可能影響到汽車工業(yè)，而根據(jù)

第二句話的but可知，農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)是不同的，接下來(lái)就介紹了農(nóng)業(yè)不同于工業(yè)的地方，故B正確。

2.D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句IIenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesper

hour-ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittle

guystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.可以，推知新農(nóng)具使小農(nóng)場(chǎng)收獲綠色箍菜的效率提高，降低了收獲成

本，再根據(jù)最后一句Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstay

inbusiness.,小農(nóng)場(chǎng)價(jià)格與大農(nóng)場(chǎng)價(jià)格接近和小農(nóng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)品更新鮮的特點(diǎn)，這使得小農(nóng)場(chǎng)相對(duì)于大農(nóng)場(chǎng)有了一些相

對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，故選D。

3.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句話Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarm

workersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.可知，

新農(nóng)民面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是無(wú)法獲得公民身份，因此不能建設(shè)自己的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，故選C。

4.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincrease

farmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofa

diverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.可知，NYFC需要廣泛的支持，包括要求國(guó)會(huì)增

加農(nóng)田保護(hù)，推動(dòng)移民改革，尋求確保不同背景的新農(nóng)民的成功的政策等，所以為了保證農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展

農(nóng)民需要尋求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故選A。

第二節(jié)精深語(yǔ)篇

一.寫出文中劃線詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的詞義

1.disturb打擾;妨礙

2.transform變形；改變

3.combination結(jié)合體，聯(lián)合體；結(jié)合，聯(lián)合

4.sustainable可以忍受的；足可支撐的；養(yǎng)得起的；可持續(xù)的

5.fundamental根本的，基本的；必需的，必不可少的；不能再分的

6.crucial至關(guān)重要的，決定性的

7.established確立已久的,早已投入使用的;資深的，知名的

8.unattainable做不到的；難到達(dá)的

9.qualified具備……的學(xué)歷（資歷）的；（尤指做某項(xiàng)工作）有資格的，勝任的；（支持、贊同）有限度的，有保

留的

10.barrier障礙物，屏障；界線

11.ensure確保，保證；保護(hù)，使安全

12.ambitious野心勃勃的;有雄心的；熱望的;炫耀的

13.innovation新事物，新方法；革新，創(chuàng)新

二.寫出文中劃線詞組在語(yǔ)境中的含義

1.getthebestof擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝；對(duì)…占優(yōu)勢(shì)

2.clearthepathfor掃清道路

3.urgc...to慫恿；激勵(lì)；催促某人做某事

4.pushfor奮力爭(zhēng)取，推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)

5.takeastand表態(tài)；采取立場(chǎng)，表示立場(chǎng)

三.詞匯應(yīng)用

disturb（1-3在橫線上寫出劃線部分中文釋義；4變換詞形）

l.vi.打擾;妨礙2.移動(dòng)，弄亂3.使焦慮，使煩惱4.disturbeddisturbing

combination（1-2根據(jù)句意用正確的形式或短語(yǔ)填空；3翻譯句子）

Lincombination2.combined3.兼顧

establish（1用正確的形式填空；2-3解釋劃線單詞和短語(yǔ)）

1.established2.確立;使立足;使穩(wěn)固~sb/sth/yourself（insth）（assth）3.著名的;成名的;公認(rèn)的

三.長(zhǎng)難句解析及翻譯

答題要求：1.畫出句子主干；2.找出關(guān)聯(lián)詞，判斷從句類型；3.弄清主句和從句的附屬成分；4.翻譯句子

l.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition（NYFC,美國(guó)青年農(nóng)會(huì)）andafamilyfarmermyself,1

haveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

分析：定語(yǔ)從句thataretransformingtheindustry.修飾先行詞theinnovations

翻譯：作為年輕農(nóng)民國(guó)家聯(lián)盟的創(chuàng)始人之一（NYFC,美國(guó)青年農(nóng)會(huì)）和家庭農(nóng)民自己,我在小農(nóng)戶之間的創(chuàng)新處于

領(lǐng)先地位，這種創(chuàng)新正在改變這一行業(yè)。

2.Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.One

crucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.

分析：though然而，不過(guò)，但是；介詞短語(yǔ)withoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry作為條件狀語(yǔ)

翻譯：然而，如果這個(gè)行業(yè)沒(méi)有根本性的變革，小農(nóng)戶的可持續(xù)成功就不會(huì)發(fā)生。一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是獲得土地的

安全途徑。

3.Therearesol