2017-2021北京海淀高一（下）期中英語(yǔ)匯編：閱讀理解

2017-2021北京海淀高一（下）期中英語(yǔ)匯編

閱讀理解

一、（2021.北京海淀高一期中）

WomenWhoChangedScienceForever

ThisInternationalWomen'sDay,we'recelebratingthreewomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.

EllenOchoa

EllenOchoaisanAmericanengineerandretiredastronaut.ShewasthefirstLatinawomantoflyinspaceaspartofthe

crewoftheshuttleDiscoveryin1993.OchoaattendedSanDiegoStaleUniversityandthencontinuedhereducationat

Stanford.Ochoaregardshermother,whosepassionfbrlearningkeptherinpart-timecollegecoursesallthroughOchoa's

childhood,asanimportantinfluenceonhercareer.

Attheendofherflyingcareer,Ochoahadtravelednearly1,000hoursinspace.From2012to2018,Ochoaservedasthe

directorofJohnsonSpaceCenterinHouston,Texas,onlythesecondwomantoheadupNASA'shumanspaceflight

headquarters.

MamiePhippsClark

MamiePhippsClarkwasanAmericansocialpsychologist（心理學(xué)家），whospecializedinchilddevelopmentinblack

children.BominArkansas,Clarkdrewonherearlyexperiencesasablackchildinthesegregated（種族隔離的）American

Southtohelpchildrengrowingupwiththesameiniquities.

ClarkstatedatHowardUniversityin1934,andwentontocompleteaPhDinpsychology.SheandKenneth,nowher

husband,werethefirsttwoblackpeopletoearnPhDsatColumbia.Withtheirfunding,shestartedthefamousDollTest,

whichshowedthenegativeeffectsofschoolsegregationonblackchildren.

AnandibaiGopalraoJoshee

AnandibaiJpsheewastobecomeIndia'sfirstwomanphysicianwithamedicaldegree.Whenshewasyoung,herfather

strayed（偏離）fromthetraditionalHindubeliefthatwomenshouldnotreceiveeducationandencouragedhertogotoschool.

Whenshewasfifteen,shewasdeterminedtostudymedicine,achoicelikelyinfluencedbythelossofaninfantsonand

survivingaseriousillnessherself.AttheWoman'sMedicalCollege,Josheestudieddevotedly,hopingtoreturntoIndiato

serveotherIndianwomen.

ShediedinFebruary1887attheyoungageoftwenty-one.Despitehershortlife,Joshee'saccomplishmentswere

remarkableforanIndianwoman,andherachievementswereenoughtoopenthedoorfbrotherIndianwomentoquickly

follow.

1.InOchoa'sidea,whatinfluenceshermostinhercareer?

A.Herpart-timejobinacollege.

B.Herfirstflightinspacein1993.

C.Hermother'sdesirefbrknowledge.

D.HerexperienceinNASAheadquarters.

2.WhatisPhippsClarkfamousfor?

A.HavingaPhDinpsychology.

B.Fightingagainstracialdiscrimination.

C.Startingthetestonthegrowthofchildren.

D.Devotingherselftothefoundingofequalities.

3.Whatdothethreegreatwomenhaveincommon?

A.Theyspecializedinsimilarresearchfields.

B.Theyallexperiencedinequalityineducation.

C.Theywerepioneerschangingourbeliefinwomen.

D.Theywerescientistsinfluencingourwayoflearning

4.Whichofthefollowingwordbestdescribesthethreewomen?

A.Dedicated.B.Modest.C.Creative.D.Caring.

二、(2021?北京海淀高一期中)

ECyclingreferstotherecyclingofelectronicitems,whicharebecomingacommonprobleminAmericanhomeand

throughouttheworld.TheEPA,orEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,hasactuallystartedaprogramtohelpandmotivate

therecyclingofelectronics.

Togettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevels,theEPAdirected"Plug-IntoeCyelingPartners."These

partnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualcommunities.Theyprovidelocalgovernments,retailersand

manufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiritems.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromote

programsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecond-handelectronicproducts.OneoftheEPA'sgoalsisto

enlightencustomersaboutwhytherecyclingofelectronicsissoimportant.TheylikewisewishtomakeeCyclingchances

easilyaccessibletospecificconsumersandtheirfamilyelectronics.AccordingtotheEPA,theeCyclingprogramhas

actuallybeenquitesuccessful.In2008,theEPAcollected66.5millionpoundsofelectronicdevicesthroughtheirPlug-In

Partners.

Localgovernmentshaveactuallylikewisegotonboardandpassedlawsintendedtohandleusedelectronicdevices.Huge

corporationshaveactuallyintroducedeCyclingprogramsattheirlocalretailstores.Onesellerofferscustomerssmall,

mediumandbigboxesforsale,whichthecustomersthenloadwithusedelectronicsandgobacktothestore.Typically,

customersbringtheirrecyclableelectronicstoalocation.WhentheelectronicitemsaregatheredbytheEPA(typicallythisis

donebythePartners),theyarereusedorrecycled.

Reuseditemsarerepairedandrefurbished,andpassedontoothersasacontribution.Youcanrepairorreconditionyour

veryownelectronicdevicestoo,extendingthelifeoftheitemsandconservingtheenergyofmakingnewmaterials.Reusing

electronicdevicesincludesmakinguseoftheproductsandpatsoftheitems.Thesematerialsandpartsarethenmadeuseof

toproduceanotheritem.Thisismoreefficientthanmakingitemsfromnewmaterials.

SomeitemsthatarecommonlyeCycledconsistoftelevisions,computermonitors,printers,notebookcomputer,keyboards

andcabletelevisions.Lessusualitemsincludecopyingmachines,CDplayers,voicemailmachines,computerharddrives,

mobiletelephones,remotecontrols,radios,batteries,telephones,facsimilemachinesandcomputergames.Occasionally,

electronicitemssuchasmicrowaves,fans,vacuums,smokealarms,andtoastersareeCycled.

AstheeCyclingprogramcontinues,youoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPA'sinternetsite

()forregionaleCyclingprograms,orfordetailsonhowyourcompanycanparticipate.Theirwebsitehaslinks

toorganizationsthataretakingpartintheeCyclingprogram.

5.TheEPAbroughtabout"Plug-IntoeCyclingPartners^^to.

A.makeandofferelectronicdevicestoconsumers

B.makecustomersunderstandtheimportanceofeCycling

C.maketheprogramaccessibletolocalregionsandcommunities

D.makeitpossibleforconsumerstoreusetheirusede-products

6.ThePlug-InPartnersaremainlyengagedin.

A.repairingelectronicdeviceB.gatheringrecyclableelectronics

C.reusingsecond-hande-productsD.offeringcustomersdifferentboxesforsale.

7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.PeoplecanselltheirreuseditemsontheInternet.

B.Individualscan'ttakepartineCyclingprograms.

C.DevicesofcomputersarewelleCycled.

D.NoteveryelectronicitemcanbeeCycled.

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A.Tointroduceanewwaytosavecosts.

B.Toteachcustomershowtorecycleelectronics.

C.ToattractpeopletojoinintheeCyclingprograms.

D.TocallonlocalgovernmentstosupportPlug-InPartners.

三、（2021?北京海淀高一期中）

Whatrolemightartsplayinresponsetoclimatechangeandrelatedeconomicandecologicalcrises?

It'softensaidthatanovel,apainting,asongoramotionpicturechangedhowalotofpeoplethoughtorfeltaboutthe

world.Anthropologists（人類(lèi)學(xué)家）andhistoriansrightlyarguethatmajorchangesinsocietyhavesprungupnotfromthe

arts,butfrom-ourrelationshiptoourenvironment.Nevertheless,artists5effortshelpshapethetermsbywhichsocietyadapts

tosuchchangesandtheirconsequences.ThinkofhowBeethovenmarkedthebeginningsofmoderndemocracyandthe

nascent（初期的）IndustrialRevolution.OrhowHollywoodwritersanddirectorsinspiredmassivesupportfortheU.S.war

effortduringtheearly1940s.

WehavesteppedintoacenturyinwhichthesocietalsystemshavebeenbuiltsincethestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.

Ourfoodsystem,transportsystem,energysystem,financialsystem,andpossiblyourpoliticalandgovernancesystems

weredesignedduringanerainwhichfossilfuelsmetthegreatquantityofourfast-growingenergydemand.Butfossilfuels

areexhaustibleresources,andtheirreductionwilldriveevermoredesperatemethodsofextraction（提煉）,createevermore

environmentalriskandrequireevermorecapital-evenasalternativeenergysourcestheyarealsocostly.Further,burning

fossilfuelschangesourplanet'sclimate.So,atthesametimeoureconomywillneedtoberedesignedtorunonentirely

differentenergysources,andthenaturalworldwillbeshiftingaroundusinunprecedented（空前的）ways,withmore

frequentdisastrousstorms,floods,droughtsetc.

Everythingwillbeupfornegotiation,redesignandchange.Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatethe

resultingtumultuous（動(dòng)蕩的）humanexperienceintowords,images,andmusicthathelppeoplenotjusttounderstand

theseeventsmentally,butalsotocometogripswiththemwillingly.Theeconomicandenvironmentalshiftsdescribedabove

arecurrentlybeingdetailedinever-greaterspecificityinhundredsofreportsreleasedyearlybyclimateandenergyexperts.

What'smissingintheircarefiillywordedjournalarticlesisthehumandimensionsofimagination,joyorsorrow,inspiration,

andpassion.Artcanhelpuscopewiththepossibleeffectsofourcollectivechallenges.Itcanhelppreparesocietyfora

possiblypainfulfuture.Itcangivevoicetosufferingandloss,helpingpeopledealwithlife'sunavoidablestress.Anditcan

alsoofferbeauty,whichcanbeespeciallyimportantinhardtimes.

Meaningfulartcanandmustexpressthechaosweencounterandhelpusprocessitmentallyandemotionally.Toachieve

this,artistsneedtodigdeeper,observemorecloselyandhelptheiraudiencesconnectabstractexplanationsandforecasts

withactualexperiences.

9.TheauthormentionsBeethoventosuggestthat.

A.musicianscaneasilyadapttochangesinsociety

B.musiccancontrolthesocialchangeoftheworld

C.anthropologistsarerightaboutmajorchangesinsociety

D.artservesasabridgeforpeopletounderstandtheworld

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"cometogripswith^^inParagraph4probablymean?

A.starttocreateB.begintodealwith

C.trytorecordD.takeaninterestin

11.Accordingtotheauthor,theartists.

A.areexpectedtoshowhumanexperienceinworks

B.dealwiththeunpleasanteventswillingly

C.helppeopleforecastpainfulfuture

D.arethevoiceofsufferingandloss

12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ArtinGreaterNeedduringClimateChange

B.TheRelationshipBetweenSocietyandArt

C.TheClimateCluesHiddeninAtHistory

D.TheBestWaystoChangetheWorld

四、（2019?北京海淀高一期中）

ItwasMay23,2016.Arnot,the32-year-oldmountainguide,reachedthetopofEverestwithouttheuseofoxygen（02）

equipment.Itwasachievedaftersevenyears,threepreviousattempts,andfourteenstraighthoursofclimbing.

After15minutesatthetop,Arnotbeganherdescent（下坡）.Eighthourslater,shereachedthecampat7,600metersand

becamethefirstAmericanwoman——andonlytheseventhwomanever——tosuccessfullyreachMountEverestwithoutoxygen

equipment.

“Therearesomanyreasonsforherimpressiveachievement,especiallythephysicalandemotionaleffortsthatshe'sput

forthovertheyearstomakethishappen,“saystheprofessionalclimberandphotographerRichards,"Thementalcourage

thatitrequiresissomethingveryfewpeoplehave.”

Arnotdidn'tstartclimbinguntilshewas19yearsold.Moneywastightinherfamily,andclimbingmountainsnever

occurredinhermind.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Arnotwasinvitedbyherfriendtoclimbamountain.U6Ittotallychanged

mylifb”,saysArnot."Ialwaysknowthatifyouwantsomething,youcanachieveit,butknowingwhatyouwantisawhole

differentthingJshesays.UIamathleticbutnotcompetitive.Aftermyfirstclimbing,Iknewimmediatelythatmountainsare

whatIwant-asthatiswhereIfelthomeforthefirsttimeinmy

Afterthatfirstclimb,shedevotedherselftolearninghowtoclimbandmovethroughmountain.Itwasduringhersecond

triptoEverestin2009thatshefirstsethersightsonano-oxygenattempt.However,whilehikingintoEverestBaseCamp

thatyear,shehurtherlegandwasn'tabletoclimbwithoutoxygen.In2013shenearlymadeittothetop,butwasforcedto

takeoxygenat8,504meterswhilehelpinganotherclimber.

WhenArnotfinallystoodatopEverest,shecalledherbestfriend,"IreachedthetopandI'mnotusinganyoxygen."Then,

tearsbegantostreamdownfromhereyes.SomuchofArnofslifehasbeenaboutpushingthelimitsofherabilities,andin

thiscase,she'salsopushedupagainsttheouterlimitsofthehumanspirit.

13.OnMay23,2016.Arnot.

A.spent8straighthoursclimbing

B.stayedatthetopfor50minutes

C.madeherfirstattempttoclimbEverest

D.reachedthetopwithoutoxygenequipment

14.Arnotfellinlovewithclimbingbecause.

A.moneywasnolongeraproblemtoher

B.mountainsgaveherthefeelingofcomfort

C.shetriedtobemoreathleticandcompetitive

D.shewantedtobuildupherbodythroughclimbing

15.WhatdoweknowaboutAmofsclimbingexperience?

A.Shetookupclimbingwhenshewas19yearsold.

B.Shehasalwaysbeenagoodclimbersinceherchildhood.

C.SheclimbedEverestwithherfamilyduringherfirsttrip.

D.Shehurtherlegbadlywhilehelpinganotherclimberin2009.

16.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArnot?

A.Determinedandbrave.B.Cautiousandhonest.

C.Caringandopen-minded.D.Confidentandcreative.

五、（2019?北京海淀高一期中）

Ifyou'reacyclinglover,youwillhavetopayalotofattentiontoyourbicycleandmaintainitwell,forbicyclepartsare

exposedtowearandtear（磨損）overtimeandyouhavetoexaminethebicycletoseeifthereareanysignsofwearingsuch

asscratches,dents（凹陷）etc.Sometimes,apartmaynotworkbecauseithasexceededitslifeexpectancy.Sometimes,you

willneedtofindreplacementpartsforittokeepuptheperformanceofthebicycle.

handlebars

Differentpartsofabicyclewillwearatdifferentratessoitisveryimportantthatyouhaveabasicunderstandingaboutthe

roleplayedbyeachpart.Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthebicycleistheframe.Youwillneedtochooseaframethat

lastsforaverylongtime.Ofcourse,youwillseesomepaintscratchesaftersometime.Whenyou'reselectingaframe,you

havetothinkaboutthematerial.Aluminium（鋁）frameswillnotrusteasily,buttheyhaveahigherchancetodent.Steel

frameswillbehardtodent,butyouwillneedtomakesuretheygetagoodpaintjobsothattheywon'trust.

Wheelsalsoexperiencealotofwearandtearandyoushouldgoforaprofessionalsellerwhenyouwanttobuywheels.

Therearedifferenttypesofwheelsthatyoucanbuy,likeZippwheelsthatprovidemoreaerodynamicefficiency（空氣動(dòng)力

學(xué)效能）.Investinginnewtyresinsteadofgoingforusedisagoodideabecauseyouwillbeabletogetmoreuseoutofit.

Thesamegoesforchainasthere9sahigherchanceofausedchainbreaking.Youmayalsoexperienceshiftingproblems.

However,somepartsofbicyclessuchaspedalscanbeusedforalongtimeandyoucanfinddifferentstyles.

Otherpartsthatyoucanbuyusedareseats,handlebarsandthestem.Whenyouarebuyinghandlebars,youhavetoseeif

thereareanydentsoriftheyhavebeenbentoutofshape.Thereshouldn'tbeanycracksintheseatpostorthehandlebars.

Therearemanyshopswhereyoucanbuyparts,soyouwillhavetocheckthereferencestoseehowcustomersrespondto

thembeforeyoubuyanything.

17.Accordingtothepassage,cyclingloversshould.

A.buyanewbicycletokeepuptheperformance

B.replacethebicyclepartswithsignsofwearing

C.chooseAluminumframesratherthansteelones

D.learnhoweachpartofthebicyclebasicallyworks

18.Whichpartsmaybereplacedbytheusedones?

A.Wheelsandchains.B.Tyresandseats.

C.Handlebarsandstems.D.Framesandpedals.

19.Theunderlinedword“references''inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"

A.materialsB.prices

C.introductionsD.comments

20.Thispassageismostlikelytobefoundin.

A.aresearchreportB.apopularmagazine

C.atouristguidebookD.aproductadvertisement

六、（2019.北京海淀高一期中）

Thedaywillcomewhenrenewableenergysuchaswind,solar,geothermalandothersreplacefossilfuelsasthemajor

sourceofworldenergy.However,mostanalystsinsistthatthisdaywillnotarriveformanydecadestocome-certainlywell

pastthemiddleofthecentury.Systemsoffossilfuelshavealreadybeenfirmlysetup,anditistoocostlyorimpracticalto

replacetheexistingsystemswithrenewables.Buttherearegoodreasonstobelievethatthetransition（轉(zhuǎn)變）torenewables

willcomemuchfasterthanpreviouslythought.

Itishardlysurprisingthatmanyexpertssaywewillseearelativelyslowtransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables,given

whatisknownaboutpreviousenergychangesofthissort."EnergytransitionstakealongobservedVaclavSmilofthe

UniversityofManitobainScientificAmerican.Ittookmorethan50yearsforcoaltoreplacewoodastheworldsleading

sourceofenergyandanother50yearsfbroiltoreplacecoal;thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnot

likelytocomeanyfaster.

Underordinarycircumstances,SmiEsforecastwouldnodoubtproveaccurate.Butthesearenotordinarytimes.Growing

concernoverclimatechangeisleadingtoincreasinglystrictcontrolsonCO2andothergreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排

放)，whilethedevelopmentinrenewablestechnologyisloweringtheirpriceandspeedingtheirinstallation.

Thereare,ofcourse,manydifficultiesintheeffectivecontrolofcarbonemissions,asdemonstratedbycoalcompaniesto

blocktheintroductionofnewrulesbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Nevertheless,itisimpossibletodismissthe

progressbeingmadeatthelocalandinternationallevelstopromotetheuseofrenewables.TheEuropeanUnion(E.U.),for

example,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%

increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.

Thetransitiontorenewableswillbefasterduetodramaticimprovementsinthepricingandperformanceofsuchsystems.

Asaresultofthesteadyincreasesintheefficiencyofwindandsolarsystems,togetherwiththesavingsachievedthrough

large-scalemanufacture,thepriceofrenewablesisfallingglobally.Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnow

provingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.

Thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewableenergywillnotcomeovernight,anditwillnotescapemanysetbacks.

Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.

21.VaclavSmilbelievesthat.

A.renewableenergiesarenotverypractical

B.thechangetorenewableswillcomeslowly

C.systemsoffossilfuelshavebeenfirmlysetup

D.therearemanysetbacksofrenewableenergies

22.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatEuropeanUnion.

A.hascutdownhalfofthecarbonemissions

B.hasfailedtofindawaytoreduceGHGemissions

C.istryingtheirbesttoencouragetheuseofrenewables

D.triestostoptheintroductionofnewrulesonrenewables

23.Therenewablesaremorecompetitivebecauseof.

A.theirfallingpricesB.thedeclineincoalindustry

C.internationaltradeD.thenewrulesonCO2emission

24.Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.

A.callonpeopletouselessfossilfuels

B.giveadviceonhowtopromoterenewables

C.arguethattheenergytransitionwillcomesooner

D.provetherenewableswillbethemajorsourceofenergy

七、(2018.北京海淀高一期中)

PurposeoftheWolfpacket

TheWolfpacketaimstoinformstudentsofcurrentandrelevanteventsandissues.Someitemsarepublishedonlyto

entertainbutwillfollowtheguidelinesoftheeditorialpolicy.SincetheWol(packetstaffmeetsregularly,publicationofthe

newspaperservestoeducatebothreadersandstaffmembers.Thestafftriestobeaccurateandresponsible,andfollowssome

regulationsasdefinedbytheSocietyofProfessionalJournalists.

Content

TheWolfpacketstaffdetermineswhatgoesintotheschoolpaperandreservestherighttochoosecontentanddetermine

priority（優(yōu)先級(jí)）ofstories.AlthoughtheWolfpacketemphasizesschoolnews,italsocoverscommunity,state,national,and

internationalnewsthatthestaffthinksrelevanttostudents.Storiesareevaluatedfornewsvalue,entertainmentvalue,

timeliness,andastudentangle.WhilemostWolfpacketarticleswillbewrittenbythestaff,weencourageotherstudents,

administratorsandcommunitymemberstoconsidertheOpinionssectionoftheWolfpackettobeopenfordiscussion.

Editorials（社論）

Opinionsandeditorialsareclearlylabeledandseparatedfromnewsitems.Editorialsrepresentthemajorityopinionofthe

staffandwillberunundertheheading"Editorial".Individualopinions,whichdonotnecessarilyrepresentstaffopinion,will

beclearlydistinguishedfromeditorials.

Trivia（瑣事）

TheWolfpacketstaffisopposedtorunninggossipcolumns,suchasholidaymessages,AprilFooFsjokes,andpopularity

surveysbecausetheWolfpackettriestomaintainastandardofprofessionalisminthecontent.Wetrytoavoidanypossible

harmtostudentsandotherreaders,nomatterhowmuchentertainmentvaluethesefeaturesmightprovide.

Time,PlaceandMannerofDistribution

TheWolfpacketisdistributedfreeofchargeoncampus,exceptfortheHomecomingissue,whichisdistributedduring

half-timeatthefootballgame.Additionalcopiesmaybeavailableinthelibraryandschooloffice.Copiesaremailedto

subscribers（訂閱者）andadvertisersbythecirculationmanager.SubscriptionstotheWolpacketcost$20foroneyear.

25.Accordingtothepassage,theWolfpackerismostlikely.

A.abook

B.awebsite

C.anewspaper

D.aTVprogram

26.TheWolfpacketfocuseson.

A.schoolnews

B.communitynews

C.nationalnews

D.internationalnews

27.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thedevelopmentoftheWolfpacker

B.thecontentoftheWaifpacket

C.theinfluenceoftheWolfpacket

D.theregulationsoftheWolfpacket

八、（2018?北京海淀高一期中）

OneBreathAway

Oneday,Danieldecidedtofinishthelandscapingaroundadamabout50metersfromhishouse.He'dbeenmeaningto

tidyupanoldrockgardenagainstthedamwall.However,whilehewasworking,thewallofthedamgavewayandthe

excavator（挖掘機(jī)）slidtowardthewater.Themanandthemachinecrashedandweretrappedintothemuddyfloorofthe

dam.

Danielhadtocalmhimself.Beingasurferofmanyyears,heknewtheonlywaytosurviveinthewaterwastoslowdown

andthinkrationally.Hepushedawaythepanicandbegantothink.

Nooneelsewasonthesite,Heregrettedcancelingtheguywhowassupposedtocomeandmow（割草）thegrassthatday.

Mostlikely,thefirstpeopletomisshimwouldbehisson'steacherswhenhedidn'tshowupforschoolpick-up.They

wouldn'tcometothehouse.Instead,theywouldjustsendhissontoafter-schoolcare,andthealarmwouldn'tberaiseduntil

after6p.m.anditwasnowjust11:30a.m."Ihavetostayaliveforsixormorehours11,hethought.

Hisoptionsweresimple—hecouldeitherfightordie.Therewasnothingelsehecoulddobutkeeppushinghimselfhigh

enoughtobreathe.

Astimedraggedonandtheexcavatorcontinuedtoslowlysink,Danielfelttherealdangerwhenherememberedthatrain

wasforecastthatday.Just20millimeterswouldbeenoughtokillhim.Hecouldfightforhours,butthereweresomethings

overwhichhehadnocontrol.Daniel'searswerefullofwaterandmud.Hehadnoideawheretheneighborswereatthe

moment,buthewouldhavetostartcallingforhelp.Attheverytime,Danielcollectedallthestrengthtopushhimselfhigh

enoughoutofthewatertoclearhismouthandyelledoutforseveraltimes."Help,help,help!"

Exhausted,hestopped,burstingwithangerthatnoonecouldhearhim.Thenoutofthecomerofhiseye,hecaughta

movement.ItwasMel.Thereshewas,runningaroundthecomerwithherphoneinherhand.

Thatwaswhenheknewhewasgoingtolive.

Thenwithinfewminutes,thelocalrescueteamarrived.Danielwatchedthemastheyapproached-hesawthelookof

totaldisbeliefontheirfacesthathewasstillalive.

28.WhatisthebiggestthreattoDanielssurvival?

A.Themudandwater.

B.Thecomingrain.

C.Thebrokenmachine.

D.Nohelperaround.

29.WhichisthebestordertoshowDaniePschangeofemotionwhentrappedinthemud?

a.panic

b.scared

c.relieved

d.calm

e.angry

A.a-d-b-e-c

B.d-a-b-c-e

C.a-b-d-e-c

D.d-n-e-c-b

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.

B.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.

C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

D.Onefalsestepleadstoahugeloss.

九、（2018.北京海淀高一期中）

WhyPeopleDislikeReallySmartLeaders

Intelligencemakesforbetterleaders—fromundergraduatestomanagerstopresidents—accordingtomultiplestudies.It

certainlymakessensethathandlingamarketshiftoranythingalikerequireintelligence.Butnewresearchonleadership

suggeststhat,atacertainpoint,havingahigherIQstopshelpingandstartshurting.

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatgroupswithsmarterleadersperformbetterbyobjectivemeasures,some

studieshavesuggestedthatfollowersmightsubjectivelyviewleaderswithextremelyhighintellectaslesseffective.Decades

ago,DeanSimonton,apsychologistfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,proposedthatbrilliantleaders'wordsmay

simplygooverpeople'sheads,theirsolutionscouldbemorecomplicatedtocarryoutandfollowersmightfinditharderto

relatetothem.Now