高考英語閱讀理解文章主旨題的解題技巧

第二篇閱讀第四節(jié)文章主旨題的解題技巧閱讀一篇文章，我們首先要了解其大意，明確其主旨。因此，主旨大意題是英語閱讀理解中的?？碱}。主旨大意題包括：主題類試題(mainidea，mainlyabout)和文章標題(title)類試題。第一類主題類試題1．What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?2．Thepassageismainlyabout________．3．Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout___________.4．Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?一、常見的設(shè)問形式6．Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily______.7．Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis__________.8．Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________．弄清文章的大意，關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾照應(yīng)，但有時也在文中，甚至沒有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進行歸納。同時，各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。用瀏覽法(skimming)，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息的方法可以快速找到主題句。以下是找主題句的四個小竅門：二、解題方法1．段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however，but，infact，actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。2．首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的答復(fù)很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意識地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為表達文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4．表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。例Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily，andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I'mnotgoingtosayluck，talent，andcircumstancesdon'tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence，andthat'sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogenerallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10，000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it'llrequireevenmoretime，timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.Whateveryoudo，ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit，youneedtoworkdayinanddayout，almosttothepointofaddiction，andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou'renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork，don'texpecttoreceiveanyrewards...Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A．Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B．Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C．Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.D．Luck，talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.解析：主旨歸納題。由第二段開頭的However可知，本文的中心論題不是第一段而在第二段“tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedsto...needsto...”，再結(jié)合最后一段第一句“ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit，youneedtoworkdayinanddayout，almosttothepointofaddiction，andoveralongperiodoftime”，可知本文的主題思想——不花時間、不去實踐是不可能取得成功的。答案：C第二類標題類試題1．Thebesttitleofthepassageis________．2．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?3．Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．4．Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________．一、常見的設(shè)問形式一個好的標題應(yīng)具備三個特點：概括性強，準確而又簡短；針對性強，標題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目性強，新穎奇特，能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三種方法：1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的根底上，揣摩哪個選項能準確概括主旨。2.反面否認法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對照，一一排除不符選項。二、解題方法3.研究備選項本身：研究備選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、新奇性、概括性等。例1Intheanimalkingdom，weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme，pourcreamintomycoffee，orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.Frommywheelchairexperience，Iseethebestinpeople...Often，wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness...Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWheelchairExperienceB．WeaknessandKindnessC．WeaknessandStrengthD．ADrivingExperience解析：標題類主旨大意題。在第一段中出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.”便是主題句，再根據(jù)第二段最后一句可以確定選B。答案：B例2Althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere，meaninglesssocialcustomattimes，thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl，thewaitress，theteacher，andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway，it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere，itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HaveaNiceDay—ASocialCustomB．HaveaNiceDay—APleasantGestureC．HaveaNiceDay—AHeart-warmingGreetingD．HaveaNiceDay—APoliteEndingofaConversation解析：標題類主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別是socialcustom)可知。答案：A閱讀以下文段，從A、B、C和D項中選出最正確選項。1．Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway，you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes，andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics，butsometimesit'salothardertothink即學(xué)即練suchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge，itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis，makealistifyouneedto，butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective，andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveself-image.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfontheback，you'llknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.B．Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.C．Howtobuildapositiveself-image.D．Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.解析：主旨大意題。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為表達文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。第一段最后一句中有“buildapositiveself-image”，第二段首句的“thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageisto...”，最后一段的首句“Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageisto...”都是說明如何建立積極的自我形象的。應(yīng)選C。答案：C2．Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Watercycle.B．Watervapour.C．Howrainforms.D．Water，vapour，rain.解析：主旨大意題。由該段最后一句“Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.”可知選A。答案：A3．Technologyistheapplication(應(yīng)用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology，wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica，moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However，technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous，bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques，andhasextendedourlifespanvia(通過)medicaltechnology.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDefinitionofTechnologyB．ModernTechnologyC．TheApplicationofTechnologyD．TheDevelopmentofTechnology解析：主旨大意題。文章第一句是主題句：科學(xué)技術(shù)是知識在生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用。后面的內(nèi)容都是根據(jù)這句話來展開。答案：C4．Themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyviruses(病毒)passingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact，directlyorindirectly，withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds，itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndinisolatedArcticregionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

Thepassagemainlydiscusses________．A．theexperimentsonthecommoncoldB．thefallacy(謬論)aboutthecommoncoldC．thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsD．thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds主旨大意題。該段的第一、二句“Themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyarenot.”是本文的主題句。全文主要反駁了“感冒是由寒冷引起的”這一觀點。解析：答案：B5．Zinc(鋅)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________．A．ANewDiscoveryB．ZincandHealthC．HowZincWorksD．AddZinctoYourFood主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一句(主題句)“Zinc(鋅)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.”可知。解析：答案：B6．Accordingtoafamousoptical(光學(xué))expert，Alexander，whorecentlyvisitedShanghai，thedevelopedcountriesinEuropeandAmericahavemaderulesthatchildrenmustwearresinous(樹脂)glassesinsteadofthetraditionalglassesmadeofglass.Thisisbecausetheglassglassesaremorelikelytodoharmtochildren'seyesight.Thispieceofnewsmainlywantstotellus________．A．AlexandervisitedChinaandintroducedanewtypeofglassesB．weshouldwearresinousglassesinsteadofglassglassesC．resinousglassesarepopularinEuropeandAmericaD．glassescanbemadeofothermaterialsinsteadofglass主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句“...childrenmustwearresinous(樹脂)glassesinsteadofthetraditionalglassesmadeofglass”可知選B。解析：答案：