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Revisingthe–ingformGrammar本課時(shí)重、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):

①動(dòng)詞-ing形式的作用

②動(dòng)詞-ing形式在做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的作用難點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式與完成式的區(qū)別說(shuō)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式：Work______sleep_____study_____take______make_____dance_____cut______put_______begin______lie_______tie______die_______觀察下列例句,思考劃線部分作用。(1)Thisisaninterestingbook.()(2)Themansittingbythewindowisourmathsteacher.()(3)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.()(4)Isawtheboywalkingonthestreetyesterday.()(5)Playingfootballishisfavotiresport.()(6)Ididn’tstopworkinglastnight.()(7)MyworkisteachingEnglish.()定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbial:用法例句時(shí)間Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet…)在街上走的時(shí)候,我遇到了瑪麗。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)用法例句原因Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,…)因?yàn)槠＞?我停下來(lái)休息。條件Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntotheleft,…)向左走,你就會(huì)找到那個(gè)學(xué)校。用法例句讓步KnowingwhereIlive,henevercometoseeme.(=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,…)盡管他知道我的住處,但從不來(lái)看我。用法例句伴隨Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=…,andwaitedforher.)我站在那兒等她。結(jié)果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthearea.(=Itrainedheavilysothatitcausedseverefloodinginthearea.)在這個(gè)地方雨下的如此大,以至引發(fā)了洪災(zāi)。二、動(dòng)詞–ing形式的完成式句型主動(dòng)Having+p.p.…,

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)被動(dòng)(Havingbeen)+p.p.…,

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)用法1)–ing形式的完成式所表示的時(shí)間在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前2)表示被動(dòng)可直接用過(guò)去分詞例句Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.(=AfterIhadfinishedmywork,…)工作做完之后,我就回家了。例句：(Havingbeen)writteninhaste,thebookhassomefaults.這本書因倉(cāng)促寫成,所以有些缺憾。觀察下列2個(gè)句子,體會(huì)havingdone與doing的不同用法:1)Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.2)Seeingthebeautifulsight,thechildrenfeltexcited.總結(jié):

V-ingdoinghavingdone表動(dòng)作有先有后表動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生一般式完成式Exercise1:1)____thechildtobed,shebegantocorrectthestudents’homework.A.SendingB.BeingsentC.SentD.Havingsent2)Becarefulwhen/while________(cross)thestreet.3)________________(聽到這個(gè)消息),wegotexcited.crossingHearingthenewsD

舉一反三

:

①②V-ingdoinghavingdone一般式完成式beingdonehavingbeendone主動(dòng)被動(dòng)Exercise2:1)她被蛇咬了三次后,她看見蛇后就害怕。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________2)正在進(jìn)行的那個(gè)會(huì)議非常重要。

____________________________________________________________________Havingbeenbittenbythesnakeforthreetimes,shefeelsfrightenedThemeetingbeingholdnowisofgreatimportance.whenseeingthesnake.1)______________himtheanswerseveraltimes,

I

didn'tknowwhetherhecouldunderstand.2)_________________theanswerseveraltimes,

hestillcouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Having

toldHaving

been

toldExercise3:用havingbeentold/havingtold填空：主動(dòng)被動(dòng)歸納主句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。主句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者。1.分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致,必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示,也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。三、使用-ing形式需注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.

Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前兩例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)均為主句的主語(yǔ)。最后一例中havinggone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是thetrain。MywifehadalongtalkwithSally,explainingwhyshedidn’twantthechildrentoplaytogether.我妻子與莎莉談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們?cè)谝黄鹜?。分?現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語(yǔ)mywife做的動(dòng)作，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即explaining的邏輯主語(yǔ)，就是句子的主語(yǔ)mywife。一般來(lái)說(shuō),-ing形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。試比較:

The

enemy

fled

in

a

panic,

leaving

behind

a

lot

of

dead

bodies

and

weapons.

Defeated

and

frightened,

the

enemy

fled

in

a

panic.2.與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

分析:前一例中的-ing形式短語(yǔ)在句子中作伴隨狀語(yǔ),它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the

enemy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系;后一句中的過(guò)去分詞defeated和frightened表原因,它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the

enemy之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

3.分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面可以加上連詞或介詞,但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but,and),因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,而分詞短語(yǔ)只是全句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分,分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。Whenseeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanenjoythewholebeautyofthiscity.誤:

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.

正:Hewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.或

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.4.-ing的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷過(guò)牙,就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。

(此句如寫成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.可能指“邊刷牙,邊下樓)

Comingintotheroom,heputdownhisbag.(=Hecameintotheroomandputdownhisbag.)他走進(jìn)房間,放下提包。Openingthedrawer,hetookouthiswallet.(=Heopenedthedrawerandtoo