南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考研真題-211英語（單）

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁試題編號(hào)：211試題名稱：英語（單）注重：答題一律答在答題紙上，答在草稿紙或試卷上一律無效PartIStructureandVocabulary(20points)SectionA(10points)Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbywritingthecorrespondingletter.Itisonethingtoenjoylisteningtogoodmusic,butitisquite______toperformskillfullyyourself.a.anyotherb.otherc.anotherd.othersIsuggest_______toXi’anforaholiday,butmydaughterfavours______Hangzhouinstead.a.togo/tovisitb.going/visitingc.togo/visitingd.going/tovisit_________afineday,wedecidedtogooutonapicnic.a.Whatb.Havingbeenc.Beingd.ItbeingNosoonerhadIreachedtheairport______hestartedforhisdestination.a.andb.whenc.thend.thanIfIcriticizeyou,itis_______Iwantyoutodobetterinfuture.a.forb.thatc.sod.what______theoldladytothehospitalimmediatelybutshealsoattendedheratthebedduringthenight.a.Theyoungwomannotonlysentb.Theyoungwomansentnotonlyc.Notonlytheyoungwomansentd.Notonlydidtheyoungwomansend______peopledependtosuchagreatextentonforests,everyeffortmustbemadetopreservetreesandwildlife.a.Howb.Thatc.Sinced.WhichHadthecommitteemembersconsideredthealternativesmorecarefully,they______thatthesecondwasbetterthanthefirst.a.hadrealizedb.wouldhaverealizedc.shallhaverealizedd.wouldrealizeIhavenodoubt______youwillovercomeallthedifficulties.a.ifb.thatc.whend.whetherThewindowsare______smallasnottoadmitmuchlightatall.a.sob.tooc.asd.very_______,Johnwouldnothavefailed.a.Ifhehaslistenedtomeb.Hadhelistenedtomec.Ifhelistenedtomed.AssoonashelistenedtomeJohnsonofferedarewardto______wouldfindthelostringforhiswife.a.whob.whomc.whoeverd.whomeverYoumusthaveseenhimyesterday,________?a.didn’tyoub.don’tyouc.mustn’tyoud.haven’tyouHedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke_________.a.incommonb.ingeneralc.inshortd.inparticularTaiwanisalargeislandlying______Fujian.a.onthesouthofb.atthesouthofc.tothesouthofd.inthesouthofHisparentsapprovedof______intheuniversityforanotheryearinordertoworktowardhisPh.D.a.thathestayb.himtostayc.hisstayingd.thathewouldstayItisimperativethateachstudent______agoodcommandofaforeignlanguage.a.haveb.hasc.willhaved.musthaveMetalsareverystrongandcanbemadeintoanyrequiredshapes,______makesitpossibleforthemtobewidelyused.a.thatb.whichc.whatd.itHeisquitetallforaboyoffifteen.Infact,heis__________.a.tallerthanallhisclassb.thetallestofhisfriendsc.tallerthanmostboysofhisaged.thetallestoftherestofhisclassThesizeoftheaudience,_____wehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.a.whomb.whoc.thatd.asSectionB(10points)Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbywritingthecorrespondingletter.Hisgreatness______hisperseveranceinthepursuitofhisproject.a.consistedofb.layinc.resultedind.madeupofTheideaoflearningtoskate_______me.a.objectstob.appealstoc.drawsond.subjectstoHejustcouldn’t______whatintheworldshehadbeentalkingaboutallthetime.a.figureoutb.catchonc.setoutd.workonTheworld’sgovernmentshavedone______nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.a.incidentallyb.vitallyc.virtuallyd.identicallyAnne’shusbandhadjustrecentlybought______overcoatforhimself.a.agreynewwoolenb.anewwoolengreyc.anewgreywoolend.awoolengreynewAdvancedcomputertechnologyhas______ananswertoaccurateweatherforecasting.a.setupb.comeupwithc.filledind.faceduptoHisintelligenceandexperiencewillenablehimto_____thecomplicatedsituation.a.copewithb.interveneinc.settledownd.interferewithManydifficultieshave______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.a.risenb.arisenc.raisedd.arousedItmustberewardingtobelooked______bysomanypeople.a.downuponb.uptoc.outford.forwardtoWewatcheduntilthenoiseoftheplane______inthedistance. a.dieddownb.diedoffc.diedawayd.diedoutButwhathasthearmsracedoneto______thesufferingofthestarvingmillions?a.releaseb.relievec.related.relaxIn_____withthenewregulations,eachmemberhastopaythefeeby5theverymonth.a.combinationb.accordancec.connectiond.agreementWhocanbelievethattheseemingly______oldmanisreallyacriminal?a.respectableb.respectingc.respectfuld.respectiveYouneedto_____alittleshrinkageforthiskindofmaterial.a.givewaytob.allowforc.letind.putupwithPlease_____yourremarkstothosewhichareimmediatelyrelevanttothematterinhand.a.confineb.definec.enclosed.confessApersonshouldappreciate_____constructivecriticism.a.toreceiveb.inreceivingc.inreceiptofd.receivingThenetprofit______totwentydollarspertonofore.a.addsb.amountsc.mountsd.collectsWhat_____tohimiswhetherthejoballowshimtopursuehisstudies.a.mattersb.refersc.happensd.appliesThewinningteamloudly_______itsvictory.a.magnifiedb.proclaimedc.signifiedd.exclaimedThetravelers______theirjourneyafterashortbreak.a.recoveredb.renewedc.resumedd.restoredPartIIClozeTest(10points)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbywritingthecorrespondingletter.Inthepastfewyears,cyclinghasgrownatanamazingrateintheUnitedStates.Manypeoplearetiredof(41)fatandconfinedbytheirownworld.Theywantto(42)thegreaterworldaroundthem.Thisnew(43)foranoldsporthascauseda(44)increaseinthenumberofbicyclesontheroadandademand(45)bettercyclingfacilities.Thetraditionofbicycletouringhas(46)beenestablishedinEurope,andinterest(47)itisgrowinginNorthAmerica.BicycletouringinEurope(48)onanetworkofhostels(招待所)and(49)inexpensiveaccommodations(住宿地)wherecyclistscanspendthenight,pedaling(踩)fromoneto(50)duringtheday.Thisallowsthetouriststotravel(51)havingtocarryalotof(52).Asleepingbag,afewchangesofclothes,andsomerepair(53)forthebikeareall(54)theyneed.Theadvantagesofthiskindoftouringare(55).Thecyclistscantravelwithalmostaslittleweight(56)theywererollingalongafew(57)ridefromhome.YouthhostelsintheUnitedStates(58)bicyclistswill,buttherearenotverymanyofthem.Anyone(59)inbicycletouringwillhavetouseexpensivepublicaccommodationsmostofthetime(60)therearealotoffriendsalongtheproposedrouteoftravel.a.havingboredb.boredc.boringd.beinga.practiseb.experimentc.experienced.standa.effortb.enthusiasmc.interestd.tendencya.tremendousb.profoundc.huged.vasta.ofb.forc.towardsd.witha.longb.farc.soond.oncea.aboutb.aroundc.ind.ona.basesb.basingc.basedd.isbaseda.moreb.somec.elsed.othera.anotherb.twoc.oned.theseconda.whileb.despitec.withoutd.incaseofa.appliancesb.equipmentc.componentsd.devicesa.indexesb.entriesc.bundlesd.itemsa.thatb.whatc.whend.whicha.beneficialb.obviousc.validd.principala.whichb.withwhichc.asifd.asa.hourb.hoursc.hour’sd.hours’a.amuseb.meetc.enjoyd.servea.interestedb.interestingc.tointerestd.whointerestsa.providedb.unlessc.tilld.ifPartIIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Eachofthepassagebelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbywritingthecorrespondingletter.PassageOneFarmersinmanypartsoftheUnitedStatesarefacingveryseverewatershortagesthissummer.Theextremelyhot,dryweatherhaskilledmanycrops.Nowwithnocropstoholdthesoil,farmersfacethethreatoferosion.ScientistssaythatundernormalconditionserosionclaimsaboutfivethousandmilliontonsoftopsoileachyearintheUnitedStates.Windcausesaboutonethirdofthatloss.Heavyrainscausetherest.Aswehavesaid,weatherisresponsibleformuchsoilerosion,butfarmingmethodsaremostlytoblame.Mostfarmersbreakupthesoilandturnitoverbeforeplantingtheircrops.Researchhasshown,however,thismethodmakesiteasierforerosiontotakeplace.TodaysomefarmersintheUnitedStatesarechangingtolow-erosionfarmingmethods.Usingamethodcalledno-tillfarming,thesoilisneverloosenedorturnedover.Theplantwasteleftontopofthegroundhelpsholdsoilinplace.Itpreventswindandrainfromerodingthesoil.Farmerswhohaveusedtheno-tillmethodfortwoorthreeyearssaythissoilhasimproved.Theysayitcontainsmoreearthwormswhichkeepthesoilloose,andtheysaythesoilholdswaterbetter.No-tillequipmentcancostmorethantraditionalfarmmachinery,butthetotalcostofworkingthefarmisless.MottSwansonhasafarminthenorthweststateofWashington.Thefarmcontainsmorethanfourhundredeightyhectares.Mr.Swansonbeganusingtheno-tillmethodin1974.Hesayshehasinvestedlessmoneyinhisfarmsincethenthanifhehadcontinuedtofarmthetraditionalway.Soilerosionisanaturalactivity.Itcanneverbecompletelyhalted.However,no-tillfarmingisonewaytolessenitseffects.61.____________moreresponsibleforsoilerosion.A.WeatherisB.FarmingmethodsareC.WindisD.Watershortagesare62.ThemainideaofParagraph4is___________.A.thepositiveresultofno-tillfarmingB.thecomparisonoftheno-tillmethodwithtraditionalfarmingmethodsC.thecomparisonofthecostofno-tillfarmingwithtraditionalfarmingD.thereasonforpopularityofno-tillfarmingmethods63.Wecaninferthat_____________.A.soilerosioncanfinallybecontrolledB.soilerosionhasforcedsomefarmersoutofbusinessC.cropshelplessentheeffectsofsoilerosionD.usuallyheavyrainscausetwothirdsoftopsoillossintheU.S.eachyear64.The"no-till"farmingisamethodcharacterizedby____________.A.loweringerosionB.increasingcropsC.cuttingplantsD.spreadingfertilizer65.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Earthwormswhichloosenthesoilhelpcausethesoilerosion.B.Theplantwasteinthegroundhelpsholdsoiloutofplace.C.CropsarenolongerplantedintheloosenedsoilinmostoftheU.S.A.D.Theplantwasteleftontopofthegroundhelpspreventsoilerosion.PassageTwoBetweennowandtheendofthecentury,therewillbemanyexcitingdevelopmentsandalsomanydifficultproblemstodealwith.Perhapsthemosturgentproblemistoprovideenoughfood.Theworld’spopulationisexpectedtoreachover6,000millionbytheyear2000,butalreadyscientistshaveproducednewandbettervarietiesofwheatandriceandanimals.Theyhavealsobeenexperimentingwithtechniquesofcultivatingplantsbyusingmixturesofchemicalcompoundsandwateronly,andthentherewillbenoneedforordinarysoil.Anotherproblemwhichtheworldwillfaceistogetridofrefuse.Onesolutionistoburnrefuseatveryhightemperaturesinincinerators.Adevelopmentofthis,whichmayproveveryusefulinthefuture,istousetheseincineratorstogeneratesteampower.Infact,anynewsourceofenergywillbeverywelcome,asthereisalreadyashortageofpetroleum.Tosolvetheenergyproblem,scientistswillprobablyalsotrytomakemoreuseofsolarenergy.Thepossibleeffectsofsomescientificfields,suchaslasersandcryogenics,aredifficulttoimagineandbothalreadyhaveanumberofuses.Thesuper-coolingeffectsofthecryogenicswhichconvertliquidheliumandothergasesinto"super-fluids"andmetalsinto"superconductors"makingthemnon-resistanttoelectricity,couldchangetheworldinanumberofways.Thelaser,withitsbeamofstronglight,candrillaholeinadiamond,andyetcanbesowellcontrolledthatitcanbeusedindelicateeyeoperations.Thequestioniswhetheritwillbemostusedforpeacefulpurposesorasadeadlyweapon.Butperhapsthemostremarkabledevelopmentswilloccurinspaceflight.Oneofthedifficultiesinthepasthasbeenthehighcost,butnowthespaceshuttleisbeingdeveloped,andcanbeusedalargenumberoftimesinsteadofonlyonce.Alreadymanhadbeentothemoon.Perhapsbytheendofthecenturyhewillhavehadaclose-upviewofVenusorMars.66.Accordingtothepassage,tosolvetheproblemoffoodshortage,scientistshavesucceededin_________.A.controllingtheworld’spopulationgrowthB.increasingtheoutputofwheatandriceandbreedingofanimalsC.producingnewandbettervarietiesofwheat,riceandanimalsD.cultivatingplantswithoutordinarysoil67.Whatusehasbeensuggestedofrefuseaccordingtothepassage?A.Toproducepetroleumoutofit.B.Tomakeupfortheshortageoffoodsupplies.C.Touseittogeneratesteampower.D.Touseitasfuelforincinerators.68.Whatcanbefoundinthepassageaboutthepropertiesofsuperconductors?A.Theyarenon-resistanttoelectricity.B.Theycanconvertliquidheliuminto"super-fluids".C.Theycanchangetheworldinanumberofways.D.Theycandrillaholeinadiamond.69.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.A.thewriterfeelssurethatsuchhigh-techaslaserwillbeusedforpeacefulpurposesB.thewriterbelievesthatlasercanbeusedindelicateoperationsC.thewriterhopesthatlasercanbeusedasadeadlyweaponD.thewriterisdeeplyconcernedaboutthefutureuseoflaser70.Accordingtothepassage,whatusedtobeaprobleminthedevelopmentofspaceshuttle?A.High-techB.HighcostC.LackofpublicsupportD.LackofexpertastronautsPassageThreeThetermbiologicalclockisappliedtothemeansbywhichlivingthingsadjusttheiractivitypatterns,withoutanyobviouscue,tothetimeofday,orthemonth,ortheyear.Thebiologicalclocksseemtobebeautifullyadaptedtotheneedsoflivingthings.Theyareaffectedbutlittle,ifatall,bydrugs,chemicals,orwidetemperaturedifferences—factorswhichmayaltersubstantiallytheratesofallordinaryprocessesofthebody.Thenatureofthebiologicalclocks’mechanismisstillamystery.Twoquitedifferenttheorieshavebeenadvancedtoaccountforthem.Accordingtothefirstofthesetheories,eachindividualcontainsitsownindependenttimingsystem.Thisisbelievedtohaveevolved,aidedbynaturalselection,asanadaptationtotherhythmicenvironment.Ithasnowbecomeindependentoftheenvironment.Accordingtothisview,theclocksarenotperfecttimers.Theyrequireregularcorrectionsbythenaturallight,tidecyclesandthechanginglengthsofthedaythroughouttheyear.Theothertheoryholdsthatlivingthingsreactcontinuouslytotheirrhythmicphysicalenvironment.Thesettingoftheirbiologicalclocks,therefore,involvesaconstantadjustmenttosubtleenvironmentalforces.Ifthisviewiscorrect,thebasiclivingclocksarepotentiallyperfecttimers.Biologicalclocksappeartobeeverywhereinlivingthings—eveninindividualcellsorpartsofcells.Butthesearchforthespecifictimingsystemhasbeenfutilethusfar.Despitethecarefulstudyofmanyrhythmicphenomenaandevenofdetailedchemicalvariationsbetweencells,thereisnoevidencethatanyoneofthemistheclock-timeritself.Notonlyhasnoindependenttimingsystemeverbeendiscovered,buttherehasnotyetbeenevenaplausibleguessastoitsnature.71.“Biologicalclock”hasallthefollowingfeaturesEXCEPTthat____________.A.livingthingsadapttheiractivitypatternstothephysicaltimeduetothebiologicalclocksB.thenatureofthemechanismofthebiologicalclockremainsmysteriousC.thebiologicalclocksareaffectedgreatlybydrugsorchemicalsD.

thebiologicalclockshaveanexcellentadaptationtotheneedsoflivingthings72.Whichofthefollowingstatementscouldbethefirstpossibletheorytodescribethebiologicalclocks’mechanism?A.Anindividuallivingthinghasitsownindependenttimingsystem.B.Eachindividuallivingthing’stimingsystemisanadaptationtonaturalselection.C.

Thesettingofthelivingthings’biologicalclocksinvolvesacasualadjustmenttothesubtleenvironmentalforces.D.Eachindividuallivingthing’stimingsystemhasmuchtodowiththeenvironment.73.Biologicalclocksareimperfecttimersinthattheyrequireregularcorrectionsby___________.thenaturallightB.tidecyclesthechanginglengthsofthedaythroughouttheyearD.alltheabove74.Thebasiclivingbiologicalclocksarepotentiallyperfecttimerinthat_____________.A.theyareseldomaffectedbywidetemperaturedifferencesB.theyareaffectedbutlittlebyfactorswhichmayaltergreatlytheratesofallordinaryprocessofthebodyC.

livingthingsandbiologicalclocks,seemingtoexisteverywhereinlivingthings,reactconstantlytotheirphysicalenvironmentD.biologicalclockshaveevolvedwiththehelpofnaturalselectionWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MysteriousBiologicalClocksB.PerfectTimersC.IndependentBiologicalClocksD.NaturalSelectionPassageFourThewordconservationhasathrifty(節(jié)儉)meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable(地下水位)inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds(水濱)needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis_________.A.positiveB.neutralC.suspiciousD.criticalAccordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat__________.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestrytheyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotectiontheywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudytheyhadnoideaofhowtomake