運輸與貨運物流管理office

1.TransportationToplan,implementand1.TransportationToplan,implementandcontrolthepurchaseandconsumptionoffreighttransportationservicetoachieveorganizationalgoodsandobjectives.RoleoftransportationinasupplyThelinkconnectingcustomers,Rawmaterialsuppliers,Plantsandwarehousesinalogisticsupplychain.Fasttransportationleadstohighresponsiveness,highcost.(ifcustomersarewillingtopayforit)Slowtransportationleadstohighefficiency(lowcost).It’stheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,serviceandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomer’srequirements.Itintegrates:transportation,inventorylevel,warehousing,materialsystemsandSupplychainItintegratesproduct,informationandcashflowsamongorganizationsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptiontooptimizeconsumptionsatisfaction(makecustomersatisfied)andminimizecosts.(Allparties,allstagesandallfunctions)LogisticsprocessisthepartofthesupplySupplySupplySupplier-------Manufacturer------Distributor----- Transportationisoneofthesixdriversforsupply2.5Airline:speed,competitivepricingafterderegulation.(FedEx)適用：Fast2.5Airline:speed,competitivepricingafterderegulation.(FedEx)適用：Fastandhighcost,lowpackagingcost,good,dependability.MajorrevenuefrompassengertrafficHighcostleadstohighcostcommodities,emergencycommodities,expensivetohandleorstore。Speed,security,lowerpackagingcost,goodHighcost,reducedfrequency,pooraccessibilityairporttraffic2linershippingandcharterlow-value,highvolume,longdistancelowestcostforbulkproductsIn-transitfreestorage(butrememberinventorycarryingcost.)longesttransittime.Pooraccessibility,servicedisruptionstanker,barge.lowfixedcosthighvariablecost(fuel,dockfees,insurance,fuel3.OriginallytoseverrailroadandwaterOil,Coal,lowratesintransitfreewarehousing,goodasmallnumberofproducts,slowspeedhighinventoryholdingcostsrouteisfixed,pooraccessibility,dependonothermodestocompleteservice.highfixedcost,lowvariable4.MotorHighestlevelofCanbefartherthanrail,airfreightondoor-to-doorbasisLessdamageviatruck,thuslesspackagingShortdistance,highvaluemanufacturedHigher70%-90%variablecost,fixedcost5.Railroad適用：Heavyweightandlow-valuecommoditieslowcost,longdistance,gooddependability成本：fixed與variable都較適中6.Intermodalism（多式聯(lián)運Reducetimereducecostand3.GlobaltransportationDefinition:areinternationalrulesthatareacceptedbygovernments,legalauthorities3.GlobaltransportationDefinition:areinternationalrulesthatareacceptedbygovernments,legalauthoritiesandpractitionersworldwideforthetransportationofthemostcommonlyusedtermsininternationaltrade.ItispublishedbyProvidestandardtradedefinitionsforinternationalsalesClarifytheresponsibilityofsellerandbuyerforvariousactivitiesArrangethepaymentoftransportation,loadingandunloading.Determinethepointatwhichdeliveryoccursatwhichtheriskoflossordamagetransfersfromthesellertothebuyer5FOBfreeonboardForwaterCarriagetobearrangedbyTheriskofdamageofistransferredfromsellertobuyerwhenthegoodscrosstheship’srailattheportofloading.Sellerpayfor:deliverytoport,exportcustomloadingfeeBuyerpayfor:carriage,unloadingimportcustomloadingfeeOnlyforwatertransportationCarriagetobearrangedbysellerOnlyforwaterCarriageandinsurancetobearrangedby4.Costingand4.CostingandPricingFactoryGatepricing:AsupplychainRemovesunnecessarytransportationRetailersasksupplierstoreleaseproductscostsReducecostsateachRemovaloftraditionalgeographictransportboundarieswherecontractedLSPcontrolallmovementofanareaforretailerBettervehicleoptimizationasshipperssharevehiclestoreduceRemovalofuneconomicalvehiclemovementsviadeliveriesconsolidationi.e.FCL@eachtripAdvantagesofFGP---Helpsunderstandtrue---Relievessupplierswhodon’tperformtransportationascoreserviceImproveavailability---Increasedretailer/suppliercollaborationensuresproductsareontheshelves.Lowerpricesforconsumers---Savingincostspassedon---MoveFCLloadsleadtolessertrips,togetherwithrouteplanningsystems,overallemissionsarereduced.5.Private補充資料5.Private補充資料p435Definition:Non-for-hiretransportationofgoodsownedbythefirmthatalsoowns(leases)andoperatesthetransportationequipmentforthefurtheranceofitsprimaryNotservethegeneralPrivatetrackingisthemostcommonformofprivateReasonsforprivateCostreductionSpecialroutingControlofinplantWIP(work-in-progress)LossordamagecontrolProductcontrolduringmovementCompetitionagainstforhirecarriersEmergencyneedsMobileadvertisingAdvantagesofcompanyImprovedservice:Convenience,Flexibility,Control,Lowertransitinventory,Reduceddamages,Driversassalespeople.Lowercost:Eliminatescarrierprofits,Reducedinventorycosts,Bargainingpowerwith3rdpartycarriers.DisadvantagesofcompanyTransportcostsareoftenhigherthan3rdpartyproviders.EmptybackloadsLackoftransportmanagementexpertiseOverheadsandcapitalrequirementsCargodamageandtheftresponsibilityIndustrialrelationsandLaboruniontimes,6.TransportationlawandregulationDefinition:Governmentinfluencein6.TransportationlawandregulationDefinition:Governmentinfluenceinbusiness---Ensureequitable---PoorerEnvironmentalconsiderationsFaircompetitionReducewasteDeregulationDefinition:Aremovalofbarrierstoentry,whichnormallyprotectthepublicsector,andthecreationofacontestablemarket.Benefitsof---Limited---Flexiblepricingand---Competitiveservice---BetterrangeofequipmentandTwotypesofcontractofaffreightmentinBillofDefinition:Adocumentissuedbyacarriertoashipper,listingandacknowledgingreceiptofgoodsfortransportationandspecifyingtermsofdelivery.ThelegalAnoperateEvidenceofcarriagetrustbetweencarrierandshipperReceiptforthecargosContainsadescriptionoftheRequirementsforB/LFulldetailofthecargo---originanddestinationoftheshipmentNameoftheshipper/consignee/modifypattyNameoftheganglyvesselSpecialoperateTypesofStraightornon-negotiableOrder,ornegotiableOrder,ornegotiableAcharterpartyisthecontractbetweentheownerofavesselandthechartererfortheuseofvesselItdefinesthetransportresponsibilityofchartererandshipPurpose:usedtorecordthefreightratechargedbyshipowner,durationofthecharter,terms,conditionandexceptionsagreedbetweentheshipownerandthechartererCharterThreetypesofvesselcharterVoyagecharter航次租船Timecharter時間租船Bareboatcharter光船租船7.Discussany57.Discussany5futurechallengesintransportCustomerTracktheLegalrequirementCustom,Characteristicsoffuturetransport---Employeeshaveformallogistics---Logisticsfunctionheadedbyfirstlevel---Towardscentralized---Capableofmanagingareasbeyondlogistics---Flexibleoperationssoastoexploit---Adaptstructuretomission/objectives/goalOrganizational---Shorterleadtimes/order---Timingofproduct/service---Responsetocustomers’JIT---EmphasisoninventoryandwasteSupplychainofthe---Expertinthefollowingareas:LogisticsandmanagementChangemanagementPeoplemanagementBetterCSLReducestorage---RoleofinformationtechnologyManualversusFullautomation---Adaptiveorganizational7.Carrierstrategy托運人戰(zhàn)Focusonpurchasingand7.Carrierstrategy托運人戰(zhàn)Focusonpurchasingandmanagingtransportservicestomeettheneedsof3general,smallshipment,BulkModeselection:TransittimeandtimereliabilitySecurity,time,loss.CarrierUsuallyaccessibilityandcapabilityaresimilarawaycarriersinagivenOftenmorespecific---Transittimereliability,Transportrate,Totaltransittime,Willingnesstonegotiate,Carrierfinancialstability.5typesofrelationshipin?Arm’slengthMostcommon:transaction-specificNolongertermcommitmentDefiningfactorinsupplierselection:usuallypriceReducedopportunityforlong-termcostreductionViewedbymanyasinefficientAppropriatewhenserviceisviewedascommodityorstandardrequirementCommon