安徽省黃山市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題【含答案解析】

黃山市2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試題本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘。答案應(yīng)寫在答題卷上，不能答在試題卷上。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A．Tomakeaninvitation．B．Togiveheradvice．C．Tocheckinformation．2．WhatdidthemandoonSaturday?A．Hetookadrumlesson．B．Heplayedchess．C．Hemadearobot．3．Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Atthetrainstation．B．Attheairport．C．Atthebusstation．4．WhydoesHannahoftenplayballsports?A．Fortheexam．B．Forgoodhealth．C．Forpleasure．5．Whatdidthemanenjoymostlastnight?A．Thebread．B．Thecookies．C．Thepancakes．第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．Whatdoesthemandislikedoing?A．Sweepingthefloor．B．Washingtheclothes．C．Cleaningthewindows．7．Whatdoesthemanthinkofwashingthedishes?A．It’senjoyable．B．It’sboring．C．It’sdifficult．聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．Howlongdoesthewomanwanttostayinthehotel?A．Fortwonights．B．Forthreenights．C．Forfournights．9．Howdoesthemansuggestgettingtothecitycenterfromtheairport?A．Bybus．B．Bytaxi．C．Bytrain．10．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．Bookaflight．B．Searchforahotel．C．Discusstransportation．聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11．WhatisSteffigoingtodoontheweekend?A．Tidyupherflat．B．Visithergrandpa．C．Organizeaparty．12．WherewillVictorgoontheweekend?A．Thegym．B．Theclub．C．Thestadium．13．WhyisDelbertgoingtothelibrary?A．Toreadsomestories．B．Tofinishtheproject．C．Toreturnabook．聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14．WheredidthemusicproducerfindJosh?A．AtJosh’sschool．B．Nearhisoffice．C．Inaconcerthall．15．HowdidJoshfeelaboutthesalesofhisfirstsong?A．Surprised．B．Happy．C．Sad．16．HowoftendoesJoshworkonhissongs?A．Everyday．B．Threetimesaweek．C．Twiceamonth．17．WhatdoesJoshlikedoinginhisfreetime?A．WatchingTV．B．Playingbasketball．C．Hangingoutwithfriends．聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18．WhatisLara’sfather?A．Anengineer．B．Apainter．C．Adesigner19．WhydidLaradecidetodrawforvideogames?A．Theirimageswereterrible．B．Herteacheradvisedher．C．Itwashighly-paid．20．WhatdidLarastudyatuniversity?A．IT．B．Art．C．Design．第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFourBestNaturalParksinAmericaEvergladesNationalPark,FloridaEvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropical(亞熱帶)wildernessreserveinAmerica.Thisamazingdestinationisa1.5-million-acreoceanofgrasswhichflowsgraduallyfromcentralFloridaallthewaysouthtothesea.Thismakesit-animportanthabitatfornumerousrareandendangeredspecieslikemanatee,Americancrocodile,andFloridajaguar.GrandCanyonNationalPark,ArizonaGrandCanyonNationalParkishometooneofthelargestcanyonsintheworld.Ifyouvisitbetweenmid-Mayandmid-October,youcanseetheCanyonfromtheNorthRim.About90%ofallvisitorsseeitfromthe“SouthRim”,becauseitisopenallyearandhaseasy-to-get-tooverlooks.MammothCaveNationalPark,KentuckyThecaveshouse200animals,mostofthembeinginvertebrate(無脊椎)species.42ofthesespeciesliveintotaldarkness.ThesecavesareincredibleenoughtobefeaturedinPlanetEarth——amust-seeBBCdocumentaryseries.OlympicNationalPark,WashingtonOlympicNationalParkhasalittlebitofeverythingruggedPacificcoastline,highmountainpeaks,broadsandybeaches,clearlakes,rainforests.Withsuchawidevarietyofecosystems,OlympicisoneofthemostdiversewildernessareasintheUnitedStates.Theparkisanimportanthabitatforspecieslikewildsalmon(鮭魚),northernspottedowls.OlympicNationalParkisverylargeandtherearenoroadsthatcrossthepark.IfyouvisitinAprilorMay,youmayseegraywhalespassbyontheirwaytoAlaska.1.WhatanimalsliveintheEvergladesNationalPark?A.Northernspottedowls. B.Invertebrateanimals.C.Graywhales. D.Americancrocodiles.2.WhichofthefollowingisfeaturedinPlanetEarth?A.GrandCanyonNationalPark. B.MammothCaveNationalPark.C.EvergladesNationalPark. D.OlympicNationalPark.3.WhatcanweknowaboutOlympicNationalPark?A.Itisopenallyear.B.Ithasarichbiodiversity.C.ItislocatedinthestateofKentucky.D.Ithaseasyroadsforvisitorstodriveacrossthepark.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國最好的四個自然公園?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EvergladesNationalPark,Florida部分中“Thismakesit-animportanthabitatfornumerousrareandendangeredspecieslikemanatee,Americancrocodile,andFloridajaguar.(這使它成為許多稀有和瀕危物種的重要棲息地，如海牛、美洲鱷魚和佛羅里達(dá)美洲虎。)”可知，在EvergladesNationalPark可以看到美洲鱷魚。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MammothCaveNationalPark,Kentucky部分中“ThesecavesareincredibleenoughtobefeaturedinPlanetEarth——amust-seeBBCdocumentaryseries.(這些洞穴令人難以置信，足以成為BBC必看紀(jì)錄片《地球脈動》的特色。)”可知，MammothCaveNationalPark中的洞穴是一個令人難以置信的地方，被BBC的紀(jì)錄片《地球脈動》所專題報道。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OlympicNationalPark,Washington部分中“Withsuchawidevarietyofecosystems,OlympicisoneofthemostdiversewildernessareasintheUnitedStates.

(擁有如此多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，奧林匹克是美國最多樣化的荒野地區(qū)之一。)”可知，OlympicNationalPark擁有多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是美國最多樣化的荒野地區(qū)之一，具有豐富的生物多樣性。故選B。BAsIlookupatthehundredsoffireworksinthesky,IhearthebellsringinginasmalltemplewelcomingthecomingoftheChineseNewYear.ThoughImaynotbelieveinorunderstandmanyoftheNewYeartraditionshere,thesimilaritiesbetweenthecomingofthisNewYearandthebeginningofmynewlifeinChinaarenotlostonabigboylikeme.MyfirstfewdaysinChinawereaculturalshocktosaytheleast.Havingarrivedlateinthesemester,Iimmediatelyhadtobeginmybeginners’Chineseclasses,alongwiththenewestclassofoverseasstudents.Beingsurroundedbyalanguagethatisn’tyourownisunbelievablyannoying.Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting,it’snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess,orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatitsays,thenthat’sit.However,withtimepassing,Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing,thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself,thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo,whichishugelyrewarding.Stillitisneverlongbeforemylackoflanguageskillisexposed(暴露)andIcomecrashingbacktoearth,usuallyimmediatelyuponleavingthetaxi.Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However,itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese,Iaimtogainmymaster’sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.Opportunitiesdocomearoundratheroften:frombeingofferedjobsteachingEnglish,tobeingaskedtoappearongame-showsforShandongTV.So,fornow,Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons(眼界)andenjoyingmytimehere.Itakesometimetogetusedtoeverything,butthat’spartoftheadventureand,mostofall,employment.So,muchliketheChineseNewYearthatIamluckyenoughtobepartof,IamjustlookingforwardtoafreshstartandanewjourneyinChina.4.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.HehasnointerestinChinesetraditions.B.HeknowsnothingabouttheLatinlanguage.C.Hislatearrivalmadehimmissbeginners’Chineseclasses.D.TheuniquewayofChinesewritingmadehimhardtounderstandChinese.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowthroughhistaxiexperience?A.Heispooratusingpublictransport. B.HefindsiteasytocallataxiinChina.C.HefeelspleasedtohavemadeprogressinChinese. D.Heisgoodatchattingwiththetaxidriver.6.Whatistheauthor’spresentexpectation?A.TosettledowninChina. B.TobecomeafamoushostonTV.C.Tobroadenhisculturalhorizons. D.Tobeanexcellentteachingassistant.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringChinese:valuableskillsmastered B.LearningChinese;adventurousbutenjoyableC.ComingtoChina:moreopportunitiespromised D.StudyinginChina:challengingbutrewarding【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者來到中國后通過自己的努力在中文和其他方面取得的進(jìn)步。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting,it’snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess,orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages.(由于中文書寫以圖像為基礎(chǔ)，你無法猜測，或者通過你從其他拉丁語言中獲得的知識來解決問題)”可知，中文獨(dú)特的書寫方式使他很難理解中文。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,withtimepassing,Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing,thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself,thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo,whichishugelyrewarding.(然而，隨著時間的流逝，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在進(jìn)步，雖然緩慢得令人痛苦。我第一次自己叫出租車的時候，司機(jī)真的明白我要去哪里，這是非常值得的)”可推知，作者通過打出租車的經(jīng)歷表明他很高興自己的中文取得了進(jìn)步。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“So,fornow,Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons(眼界)andenjoyingmytimehere.(所以，現(xiàn)在，我只是期待著擴(kuò)大我的文化視野，享受我在這里的時光)”可推知，作者現(xiàn)在的期望是拓寬他的文化視野。故選C。7題詳解】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章主要講述了作者來到中國后通過自己的努力在中文和其他方面取得的進(jìn)步，結(jié)合文章最后一段的“Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However,itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese,Iaimtogainmymaster’sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.(學(xué)習(xí)一門語言是一項(xiàng)非常有價值的技能。然而，這并不是我在中國能得到的唯一東西。經(jīng)過這一年的中文學(xué)習(xí)，我的目標(biāo)是在濟(jì)南大學(xué)獲得碩士學(xué)位)”和“Itakesometimetogetusedtoeverything,butthat’spartoftheadventureand,mostofall,employment.(我需要一些時間來適應(yīng)一切，但這是冒險的一部分，最重要的是就業(yè))”可知，D項(xiàng)“在中國學(xué)習(xí)：很辛苦，但也很有收獲”可以作為文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CAccordingtoarecentstudy,consumingthreelargelycomparablemealseachdaytomeetourenergydemandsmaybethemosteffectivemethodtopreventcognitive(認(rèn)知的)deterioration.Thestudyfindsalinkbetweenskippingbreakfastandagradualfailureincognitivehealth.Thestudyalsorevealsthateatingmorecaloriesatonemealthananotherisnotlinkedtoaquickfailureincognitivefunction,butitdoesnotimprovecognitionasmuchaseatingbalancedthreemealsdaily.Withpreviousstudyfocusingonhowthequalityofthefoodweconsumecanaffectourhealth,therehasn’tbeenmuchresearchonhowourdailyenergyintakeisdistributedandhowitcanaffectourcognitivehealthoverthelongterm,aswellasifitmightaffectourriskofdementia(癡呆).Arecentstudy,inwhichthedatafromthe1997—2006ChinaHealthandNutritionSurveywereanalyzed,examinesthepossibleimpactofvariousmealschedulesoncognitivedeclineinordertobetterunderstandthis.Thepoll(民意調(diào)查)collectedsubmissionsfrom3,342personsinChinaduringaten-yearperiod,andtheirresponseswereincludedinthestatistics.Theaverageagewas62.2,andpeoplewereatleast55yearsold.Thestudydidnotincludethosewhohadseverecognitivedeterioration.Eachparticipantunderwentadietaryevaluationaswellasaphone-basedcognitiveexamatthebeginningofthestudyperiod.Thistestevaluatedeachperson’sabilitytorecallwordsquicklyandslowly,countbackward,andsubtract(減)quicklyfromgivennumbers.Thefindingsdemonstratethat,incomparisontoeitherlessbalancedwaysofabsorbingone’stotalcaloricintakeorlessequallydistributedwaysofingestingone’stotalenergyintake,eatingthreebalancedmealseachdayisrelatedwithsuperiorcognitivefunction.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deterioration”meaninparagraph1?A.Increase.B.Decline.C.Exchange.D.Spread.9.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweentherecentstudyandthepreviousone?A.Thecontents.B.Themethod.C.Theparticipants.D.Theprocess.10.Howdidtheresearchersdotherecentstudy?A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingpreviousdata.C.Byinterviewingseniorpeople.D.Byexaminingpeoplewithcognitivedisease.11.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetobestcognition?A.Skippingbreakfasteveryday.B.Threebalancedmealsperday.C.Hunger-determinedfoodtimeandamount.D.Abiglunchwithasmallbreakfastanddinner.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明優(yōu)秀的認(rèn)知功能與三餐均衡飲食有關(guān)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。由后句“Thestudyfindsalinkbetweenskippingbreakfastandagradualfailureincognitivehealth.”（此研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了不吃早餐與認(rèn)知健康問題之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)）可知，該詞與failure“失靈、失敗”意義相似，decline“減少、衰退”符合語義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文第二段“Withpreviousstudyfocusingonhowthequalityofthefoodweconsumecanaffectourhealth,therehasn’tbeenmuchresearchonhowourdailyenergyintakeisdistributedandhowitcanaffectourcognitivehealthoverthelongterm,aswellasifitmightaffectourriskofdementia(癡呆).”（以前的研究專注于我們所攝入的食物的品質(zhì)是如何影響我們的健康的，對于我們?nèi)粘z入的能量的分配、長期來說對于認(rèn)知健康以及是否會影響患癡呆的風(fēng)險的研究不多）可知，研究的區(qū)別主要在于研究的內(nèi)容不同。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文第三段“Arecentstudy,inwhichthedatafromthe1997-2006ChinaHealthandNutritionSurveywereanalyzed,examinesthepossibleimpactofvariousmealschedulesoncognitivedeclineinordertobetterunderstandthis.”（通過分析從中國健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查獲得的1997年至2006年的數(shù)據(jù)，為了更好地理解這種關(guān)系，最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查審視了各種飲食習(xí)慣對于認(rèn)知衰退的可能的影響）可知，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查主要是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。由文最后一段“Thefindingsdemonstratethat,incomparisontoeitherlessbalancedwaysofabsorbingone’stotalcaloricintakeorlessequallydistributedwaysofingestingone’stotalenergyintake,eatingthreebalancedmealseachdayisrelatedwithsuperiorcognitivefunction.”（研究表明，比起要么不那么均衡地吸收總體的卡路里攝入，要么不平等地分配總的能量攝入，優(yōu)秀的認(rèn)知功能與三餐均衡飲食有關(guān)）可推知，最好的認(rèn)知功能是由三餐均衡飲食促成的。故選B項(xiàng)。DInalabinLondon,newbornchickstookthefirststepsoftheirlifeandmightbecomepartofsolvingoneofthebrain’sbigpuzzles.ElisabettaVersace,theleadauthorofthenewstudyandheadofthePreparedMindsLabatQueenMary,andherco-workerspublishedtheirfindingsonTuesdayinBiologyLetters.Inasimpletest,researchersplacedthedownyanimals,hatchedafterlessthanadayincompletedarkness,oneatatimeintoaspecialbox.Twoscreensontheoppositesidesoftheboxplayedvideosofmovingorangeballs,onemovingupwardandtheotherdownward.Overthecourseof20minutes,mostofthechickshesitantlywalkedovertotheendoftheboxwiththeupward-movingball.Biologistscallthemechanisms(生物機(jī)制)thatassistanimalsintheirearliestmoments“evolutionarypredispositions(進(jìn)化傾向)”or“priors”.“Studyinghowpredispositionsworkinhumansisdifficult,”saysElisaRaffallaFerre,co-authorofthenewstudy,asbabiestaketimetodevelopcomplexskills.Bythetimehumanbabiescaneasilymove,theyhavealreadyspentsignificanttimelearning.Chicks,however,canperformrelativelycomplexactionsverysoonafterhatching,whichmakesthemidealcandidatesforexploringhowpredispositionsfunction.Whythispreferenceforobjectsthatmoveagainstgravityexistsatallremainsunclear.“Goingagainstgravityinaconsistentwayisassociatedwithanimateobjectsintheecologicalworld,”Versacesays,“becauseusuallyyouseethatwaterflowsdownorarockfallsdown.”Lifelessobjects,ontheotherhand,areunlikelytomoveconsistentlyagainstgravity.Thenewlyreleasedarticleisconsistentwithpreviousresearch,accordingtoOrsolaRosaSalva,acomparativepsychologistattheUniversityofTrento.WhatSalvawantstoseenextinthisfieldareexperimentsthatbegintoidentifywhatareasofthebrainareactivewhenpredispositionsarelaunched,soscientistscanbetterunderstandhowthemechanismswork.Versacehopesthatfutureresearchcanofferinsightsintothewaythebrainisorganizedtomakesenseoftheworld.12.Whatdidthetestfindoutaboutnewbornchicks?A.Theylikedbrightcolors. B.Theyhadapoorsenseofdirection.C.Theypreferredrisingobjects. D.Theypickedupfirststepswithdifficulty.13.Whyarenewbornchicksbettersubjectsforthetestthanhumanbabies?A.Theirmechanismsaremorecomplex.B.Theywerealreadystudiedmoreinthepast.C.Theirevolutionarypredispositionsworkmoreeffectively.D.Theycanexhibitcomplexbehaviorssoonafterbirth.14.WhatdoesVersacesayaboutgoingagainstgravity?A.Itiscommonamongspeciesinnature. B.Itisanaturalbehavioroflivinganimals.C.Itcontributestothesurvivalofanimals. D.Ithelpsnewbornanimalstolearnquickly.15.WhatdoesSalvaexpectoffutureexperiments?A.They’llbecarriedoutinthewild. B.They’llofferdetailedworkingsofthebrain.C.They’llcomparethebrainsofdifferentspecies. D.They’llapplytoscientificresearchinrelatedfields.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在倫敦的一個實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，新生的小雞邁出了生命的第一步，它們可能會成為解決大腦一大難題的一部分。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及這一實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inasimpletest,researchersplacedthedownyanimals,hatchedafterlessthanadayincompletedarkness,oneatatimeintoaspecialbox.Twoscreensontheoppositesidesoftheboxplayedvideosofmovingorangeballs,onemovingupwardandtheotherdownward.Overthecourseof20minutes,mostofthechickshesitantlywalkedovertotheendoftheboxwiththeupward-movingball.(在一個簡單的測試中，研究人員將這些在完全黑暗中孵化不到一天的毛茸茸的動物，一次一只地放入一個特殊的盒子里。盒子兩側(cè)的兩個屏幕分別播放橙色小球移動的視頻，一個向上移動，另一個向下移動。在20分鐘的時間里，大多數(shù)小雞都猶豫不決地走到有向上移動的球的盒子一端)”可知，關(guān)于新生的小雞，測試發(fā)現(xiàn)它們更喜歡上升的物體。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Chicks,however,canperformrelativelycomplexactionsverysoonafterhatching,whichmakesthemidealcandidatesforexploringhowpredispositionsfunction.(然而，小雞在孵化后很快就能做出相對復(fù)雜的動作，這使它們成為探索傾向如何發(fā)揮作用的理想候選者)”可知，新生的小雞比人類嬰兒更適合測試因?yàn)樗鼈兂錾蟛痪镁湍鼙憩F(xiàn)出復(fù)雜的行為。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Goingagainstgravityinaconsistentwayisassociatedwithanimateobjectsintheecologicalworld,”Versacesays,“becauseusuallyyouseethatwaterflowsdownorarockfallsdown.”(“在生態(tài)世界中，以一致的方式對抗重力與有生命的物體有關(guān)，”范思哲說，“因?yàn)橥ǔＤ銜吹剿铝鳎蛘呤^往下掉?！?”可知，范思哲認(rèn)為反重力在自然界的物種中很常見。故選A。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhatSalvawantstoseenextinthisfieldareexperimentsthatbegintoidentifywhatareasofthebrainareactivewhenpredispositionsarelaunched,soscientistscanbetterunderstandhowthemechanismswork.(薩爾瓦希望在這一領(lǐng)域看到的下一個實(shí)驗(yàn)是，開始確定當(dāng)傾向被啟動時，大腦的哪些區(qū)域是活躍的，這樣科學(xué)家就可以更好地理解機(jī)制是如何工作的)”可知，薩爾瓦期望未來的實(shí)驗(yàn)會提供大腦的詳細(xì)工作原理。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Culturaltraditionsshapewhoyouare.Learnmoreaboutyourtraditionsandhowyoucanpreservethembymeansofthefollowings.Shareyourcultureart.Eachcultureiscarriedbydifferentformsofart.Museumsoftenhouseitemslikeclothing,musicinstruments,andvisualartworks.However,beyondtheseexhibits,thereexisttoolscraftedbyancestors,whichpresentthetraditionsthroughgenerations’wisdom.____16____Attendororganizemajorevents.Yourcountry,religiousorganizations,orimmigrantethnicgroupsalmostcertainlycelebratemajorholidaysorculturalfestivals.____17____Iftherearen’tanyofthoseinyourarea,youcanarrangeyourownevents.Cookfamilyrecipes.Findsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother’scookbook.____18____Asyoukneaddough(揉面)orfollowtherightamountofspices,youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorholidays.Cookingyourfamilyrecipescanhelpyouinheritthefamilytraditionandmakeitpossiblypasseddown.Promoteyourdialects(方言).Languageshapesculturetosomedegree.Therefore,promotingadialectcontributestotheprotectionofacertainculture.____19____Soifyouknowoneofthem,helptospreadit.Withmoreandmorepeoplespeaking,thesedialectscouldbesuccessfullypreservedbeforetheygoextinct.Spendtimewithothermembersofthecommunity.Thebestwaytopreserveyourcultureistokeepitalive.____20____Manyaspectsofculturearedifficulttolearninbooksandmuseums,includingbodylanguage,andhumor.Butyoucangettothecore(核心)oftheculturalexperiencethroughdailycommunication.A.Participatetogetabroaderviewofyourculture.B.Culturehelpspeopleadapttotheworldaroundthem.CSmellandtastehavepowerfulconnectionstomemory.D.Recordyourfamilytreewiththehelpoffamilymembers.E.Unfortunately,thousandsofdialectsareatriskofextinction.F.Gatherasagroupnotjustforholidays,butforordinarymealsorjustconversation.G.Theskillsinvolvedinshapingastonetoolrepresentoneoftheearliestculturalpractices.【答案】16.G17.A18.C19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Eachcultureiscarriedbydifferentformsofart.Museumsoftenhouseitemslikeclothing,musicinstruments,andvisualartworks.However,beyondtheseexhibits,thereexisttoolscraftedbyancestors,whichpresentthetraditionsthroughgenerations’wisdom.(每種文化都由不同的藝術(shù)形式承載。博物館通常收藏服裝、樂器和視覺藝術(shù)品等物品。然而，在這些展品之外，還有祖先制作的工具，這些工具通過幾代人的智慧展示了傳統(tǒng))”可知，本句承接上文，說明祖先制作工作的智慧的具體體現(xiàn)。故G選項(xiàng)“塑造石器的技巧代表了最早的文化實(shí)踐之一”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Yourcountry,religiousorganizations,orimmigrantethnicgroupsalmostcertainlycelebratemajorholidaysorculturalfestivals.(你的國家、宗教組織或移民族群幾乎肯定會慶祝重大節(jié)日或文化節(jié))”可知，上文提到了慶祝重大節(jié)日或文化節(jié)，故本句承接上文，建議參加這些節(jié)日來了解文化。故A選項(xiàng)“參與進(jìn)來，對你的文化有更廣泛的了解”符合語境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Findsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother’scookbook.(從你祖母的食譜中找一些食譜)”以及后文“Asyoukneaddough(揉面)orfollowtherightamountofspices,youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorholidays.Cookingyourfamilyrecipescanhelpyouinheritthefamilytraditionandmakeitpossiblypasseddown.(當(dāng)你揉面團(tuán)或按照正確的香料量，你可能會想起童年或假期的飯菜。烹飪你的家庭食譜可以幫助你繼承家庭傳統(tǒng)，并使它有可能傳承下去)”可知，上文提到了找食譜，可推測本句主要說明從嗅覺和味覺中了解家庭傳統(tǒng)，故C選項(xiàng)“嗅覺和味覺與記憶有很強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Soifyouknowoneofthem,helptospreadit.Withmoreandmorepeoplespeaking,thesedialectscouldbesuccessfullypreservedbeforetheygoextinct.(所以如果你知道其中一個，幫助傳播它。隨著越來越多的人說方言，這些方言可以在滅絕之前被成功地保存下來)”可知，后文提到了要幫助傳播方言，說明方言正面臨滅絕的危險。故E選項(xiàng)“不幸的是，成千上萬的方言正面臨滅絕的危險”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thebestwaytopreserveyourcultureistokeepitalive.(保護(hù)你的文化的最好方法就是讓它活下去)”以及后文“Manyaspectsofculturearedifficulttolearninbooksandmuseums,includingbodylanguage,andhumor.Butyoucangettothecore(核心)oftheculturalexperiencethroughdailycommunication.(文化的許多方面是很難在書本和博物館里學(xué)到的，包括肢體語言和幽默。但是，通過日常交流，你可以找到文化體驗(yàn)的核心)”可知，本段的建議是通過與人接觸來保護(hù)文化，且提到了日常交流，即和人聊天。故F選項(xiàng)“一群人聚在一起不只是為了度假，還可以一起吃飯或聊天”符合語境，故選F。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Inthesummerof2015,BrianPetersonandhiswife,Vanessa,hadjustmovedtoSantaAna,California.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoes,whenhisquietwas____21____byahomelessman.Encouragedbythebook’ssympatheticmessage,Petersonmadeanconversationwithhim,and____22____thatthemancalledMerdahadmovedhereto____23____acareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreetforyears.“Itwasthe____24____thingtome,”PetersonrecalledlateronthepodcastTopArtist.“Isawthe____25____onthefaceofamanwhohadn’t____26____orshoweredinprobablyayear.Buthisstory,thelifeinsideofhim,____27____me.”AndeventhoughPeterson,agraduateoftheClevelandInstituteofArt,hadn’t____28____apaintbrushinabout8years,he____29____himselfaskingifhecouldpaintMerda’sportrait．PetersonpaintedMerda’sportraits,____30____histraitsandlifeexperiences．____31____,thepaintingwassoldforafewthousanddollars,andthemoneywasputintoa“l(fā)oveaccount”byPetersonforhismodel.Merdausedthefundsfromhisportraitto____32____analbum,fulfillinghismusicaldreams.Peterson’s____33____withMerdaledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoare____34____.Uptillnow,with41portraitspaintedandsold,Pertersonhashelpedmanypeoplegetbackontheirfeet,andestablishedthefriendshipwithsomeonepeoplemighthave____35____.21.A.overthrown B.disturbed C.attracted D.tricked22.A.learnt B.thought C.proved D.achieved23.A.exchange B.receive C.pursue D.grab24.A.strangest B.best C.saddest D.brightest25.A.ugliness B.guilty C.pride D.beauty26.A.spoken B.smiled C.shaved D.slept27.A.defeated B.discouraged C.shocked D.inspired28.A.pickedout B.pickedup C.heldup D.heldout29.A.found B.saw C.stopped D.required30.A.ratherthan B.accordingto C.apartfrom D.alongwith31.A.Hurriedly B.Practically C.Hopelessly D.Fortunately32.A.order B.record C.play D.write33.A.struggle B.argument C.connection D.appointment34.A.unhoused B.uncovered C.uneducated D.unsettled35.A.valued B.overlooked C.recognized D.respected【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.C27.D28.A29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。彼得森在一次和一名名叫梅爾達(dá)的流浪漢的交流中受到啟發(fā)，決定成立了一個名為“FacesofSantaAna”的非營利組織，專注于為無家可歸者繪畫和出售肖像，并資助他們，這一舉動也幫助梅爾達(dá)完成了自己的音樂夢想。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，彼得森正在讀LoveDoes這本書，這時他的安靜被一個流浪漢打擾了。A.overthrown推翻；B.disturbed打擾；C.attracted吸引；D.tricked欺騙。根據(jù)前文“whenhisquiet”及后文“byahomelessman”可知，此處指一個流浪漢打擾了他的安靜。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在書中充滿同情的信息的鼓舞下，彼得森和他進(jìn)行了一次交談，并了解到這個名叫梅爾達(dá)的人搬到這里是為了追求音樂事業(yè)，但他最終在街上生活了多年。A.learnt了解；B.thought認(rèn)為；C.proved證明；D.achieved實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文“thatthemancalledMerdahadmovedhereto”可知，彼得森經(jīng)過交談，了解了流浪漢的一些情況。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在書中充滿同情的信息的鼓舞下，彼得森和他進(jìn)行了一次交談，并了解到這個名叫梅爾達(dá)的人搬到這里是為了追求音樂事業(yè)，但他最終在街上生活了多年。A.exchange交換；B.receive收到；C.pursue追求；D.grab抓住。根據(jù)后文“acareerinmusic”可知，流浪漢搬到這里是為了追求音樂事業(yè)，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“這對我來說是最奇怪的事情，”彼得森后來在播客《頂級藝術(shù)家》上回憶道。A.strangest最奇怪的；B.best最好的；C.saddest最悲傷的；D.brightest最亮的。根據(jù)后文可知，他在一個流浪漢的臉上看到了“美麗”，這是最奇怪的事情。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到了一個大概一年沒刮臉、沒洗澡的男人臉上的‘美麗’。A.ugliness丑陋；B.guilty內(nèi)疚；C.pride驕傲；D.beauty美麗。上文提到了彼得森發(fā)現(xiàn)了最奇怪的事情，結(jié)合后文對方給了他鼓勵，可推測他看到了對方臉上的美麗，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到了一個大概一年沒刮臉、沒洗澡的男人臉上的‘美麗’。A.spoken說；B.smiled微笑；C.shaved剃須；D.slept睡覺。根據(jù)后文“orshoweredinprobablyayear”指這是一個大概一年沒刮臉、沒洗澡的男人，因?yàn)樗橇骼藵h，不修邊幅。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但他的故事，他內(nèi)心的生活，激勵了我。A.defeated打?。籅.discouraged使沮喪；C.shocked使震驚；D.inspired激勵。根據(jù)上文“Buthisstory,thelifeinsideofhim”中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明對方激勵了彼得森，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：盡管畢業(yè)于克利夫蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問自己是否能畫出梅爾達(dá)的肖像。A.pickedout拿起；B.pickedup撿起；C.heldup耽擱；D.heldout堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)后文“apaintbrushinabout8years”可知，此處指畢業(yè)于藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，故選A。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管畢業(yè)于克利夫蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問自己是否能畫出梅爾達(dá)的肖像。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.saw看見；C.stopped停止；D.required要求。根據(jù)后文“himselfaskingifhecouldpaintMerda’sportrait”可知，盡管畢業(yè)于克利夫蘭藝術(shù)學(xué)院的彼得森已經(jīng)有8年沒有拿起畫筆了，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問自己是否能畫出Merda的肖像。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：彼得森根據(jù)他的性格和生活經(jīng)歷為梅爾達(dá)畫肖像。A.ratherthan而不是；B.accordingto根據(jù)；C.apartfrom除了；D.alongwith一起。根據(jù)后文“histraitsandlifeexperiences”可知，為梅爾達(dá)畫肖像主要是根據(jù)他的性格和生活經(jīng)歷。故選B。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，這幅畫以幾千美元的價格售出，這筆錢被彼得森存入了他的模特的“愛心賬戶”。A.Hurriedly急忙；B.Practically幾乎；C.Hopelessly絕望地；D.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)后文“thepaintingwassoldforafewthousanddollars”可知，肖像畫賣出了幾千美元，是幸運(yùn)的事情。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：梅爾達(dá)用他畫像的錢錄制了一張專輯，實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的音樂夢想。A.order命令；B.record錄制；C.play玩耍；D.write寫。根據(jù)后文“analbum,fulfillinghis