北師大版（2019）選擇性必修 第四冊(cè)Unit11 Conflict and Compromise高頻詞匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)清單素材

新教材北師大版英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)UNIT11UNIT11高頻詞匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)清單UNIT11CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISE高頻詞匯精講1.inquirevi.&vt.詢問,打聽Pleasegivemeyouraccountnumber,sir,andI'llinquireandmakesuretheissueisresolvedassoonaspossible.先生,請(qǐng)把您的賬號(hào)給我,我會(huì)盡快查詢并確保這個(gè)問題得到解決。?(教材P111)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Sheinquiredofapasser-bywherethestationwas.她問一個(gè)路人車站在哪里。Inspectorswereappointedtoinquireintotheaffairsofthecompany.檢查員被任命調(diào)查該公司的事務(wù)。Studentshavebeencallingallmorningtoinquireaftertheirteacher.整個(gè)上午學(xué)生們不斷打電話來(lái)問候他們的老師。IamwritingtoinquireabouttheopportunitytodothewebsitemaintenancefortheStudents'Union.我寫信是為了詢問為學(xué)生會(huì)做網(wǎng)站維護(hù)的機(jī)會(huì)。(寫作—申請(qǐng)信)用法歸納①inquireinto

sth.調(diào)查/查究某事②inquireabout

sth.打聽/詢問某事③inquireafter

sb.向某人問好,問候某人④inquiresth.of

sb.向某人詢問/打聽某事詞匯拓展①inquiryn.探究;調(diào)查;詢問②inquirern.詢問者;調(diào)查者2.annoyedadj.煩惱的,生氣的I'msomewhatannoyedwithmyselfrecently.我最近對(duì)自己有點(diǎn)生氣。(教材P111)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Iwasannoyedthattheyhadn'tturnedup.我惱怒的是他們沒有露面。Iwasannoyedabout/athisattitudetowardsthething.他對(duì)這件事的態(tài)度使我很生氣。Thebosswasannoyedwithhimbecausehewasoftenlateforworkthismonth.老板對(duì)他很生氣,因?yàn)樗@個(gè)月經(jīng)常上班遲到。用法歸納①beannoyedwith

sb.對(duì)某人生氣②beannoyedabout/at

sth.因某事而生氣③beannoyedthat

/todo...(某人)惱怒的是(做)……詞匯拓展①annoyingadj.令人討厭的,令人惱怒的?Hermostannoyinghabitwaseatingwithhermouthopen.她最讓人討厭的習(xí)慣就是張著嘴吃東西。②annoyvt.使惱怒,使生氣Itannoys/annoyedsb.todo...讓某人生氣的是做……?Itannoysmetoseehimgettingaheadofme.我看見他領(lǐng)先于我心里就不痛快。③annoyancen.惱怒;生氣;煩惱3.ashamedadj.內(nèi)疚的,慚愧的,羞愧的;羞于I'mashamedtoadmitthatIreallystrugglewithmyselfaboutplayingmobilegames.我不好意思承認(rèn)我在玩手機(jī)游戲時(shí)真的很糾結(jié)。?(教材P111)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)IamashamedtosaythatIliedtoher.我羞于說我向她撒了謊。Shewasashamedthatshewasshabby.她因?yàn)樽约阂律酪h褸而感到羞愧。Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.我們常常為自己的缺點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)誤和失敗感到羞愧。(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ)用法歸納①beashamedof

...因……感到慚愧②beashamedtodo

sth.羞于做某事③beashamedthat...(某人)羞愧的是……詞匯拓展①shamen.羞恥,羞愧,慚愧;憾事;恥辱Whatashame/pity!真遺憾/可惜!toone'sshame令某人慚愧的是It'sashamethat...真遺憾……?Tomyshame,Ineverdidsomethingforyouwhenyouwereintrouble.令我慚愧的是,在你有困難的時(shí)候,我從來(lái)沒有為你做過什么。?It'sashamethatMr.Smithcannotattendtomorrow'spartybecauseofhissuddenillness.很遺憾,史密斯先生因?yàn)橥蝗簧〔荒軈⒓用魈斓木蹠?huì)了。②shamefuladj.可恥的shamefulbehavior可恥的行為4.assignvt.分配,分派,指派(任務(wù))Byassigningyourselfagoal,youwillknowwhatyouhavetofinishbytheendofthetime.通過給自己指定一個(gè)目標(biāo),你就會(huì)知道到這段時(shí)間結(jié)束時(shí)你必須完成什么。(教材P112)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.老師給每個(gè)兒童布置的作業(yè)都不同。Theforceshavebeenassignedtohelpwithpeacekeeping.軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)被派遣協(xié)助維持和平。用法歸納①assignsb.todo

sth.指派某人做某事②assignsth.to

sb.=assignsb.sth.把某事物分配/分派給某人詞匯拓展assignmentn.任務(wù),作業(yè);分派,布置?Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignmentsduringthecourse.課程期間學(xué)生將分組合作以完成四項(xiàng)作業(yè)。?(2022全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ)5.complaintn.投訴,抱怨Hemovedoutofhisrentedflataftercomplaintsfromhisneighboursaboutdisturbingthepeace.在鄰居們投訴(他)擾亂治安后,他搬出了租來(lái)的公寓。?(教材P30)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)I'mwritingtoyoutomakeacomplaintaboutyourproduct.我寫信給你是為了對(duì)你們的產(chǎn)品提出投訴。?(寫作—投訴信)用法歸納①makeacomplaintabout

/against...對(duì)……提出投訴②afloodofcomplaints大量投訴詞匯拓展complainv.抱怨complain(tosb.)about/of...(向某人)抱怨……complainofsth.訴說(病情或痛苦)?ThecouplecomplainedtotheirfriendsaboutthehighcostofvisitingEurope.這對(duì)夫婦向他們的朋友抱怨到歐洲旅行的高昂花費(fèi)。6.voten.投票(指行為);票數(shù);表決v.投票;表決Wetookavote,andcametoaresolution.我們進(jìn)行投票,達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)決議。?(教材P30)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Let'shaveavoteonit.讓我們就此事進(jìn)行表決吧。WevotedforJim'sideaabouttheprogram.我們投票贊成吉姆關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主意。PeoplevotedagainstHenrywhooftentellslies.人們投票反對(duì)經(jīng)常說謊的亨利。Thepeopleofthestateswillvotetoelectanewpresident.各州的人民將投票選舉新總統(tǒng)。Congressisnowdebatingthemotionandwillvoteonitshortly.現(xiàn)在國(guó)會(huì)正在討論這項(xiàng)動(dòng)議,不久將對(duì)此進(jìn)行表決。用法歸納①take/haveavoteon

sth.對(duì)某事物進(jìn)行表決②votefor

/against

sb./sth.投票贊成/反對(duì)某人/某事物③voteon

sth.就某事物表決④votetodo

sth.投票做某事詞匯拓展votern.選舉人,投票人7.warningn.警告,警示;告誡;先兆adj.警告性的WegaveMaMingawarning.我們警告了馬明。?(教材P30)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Thesoldiersopenedfirewithoutwarning.士兵們?cè)跊]有先兆的情況下開了火。Doctorsissuedawarningagainsteatinganyfishcaughtinthatriver.醫(yī)生發(fā)出警告不要吃在那條河里捕的任何魚。Shesaidnothingbutgavehimawarninglook.她什么都沒說,但給了他一個(gè)警告的眼神。(讀后續(xù)寫—神態(tài)描寫)用法歸納?①without

warning在沒有先兆的情況下②averbal/writtenwarning口頭/書面警告③issue/giveawarningagainst

...發(fā)出警告不要……④awordofwarning一句提醒,一句警告⑤ahealthwarning健康警告⑥aflood/tornadowarning洪水/龍卷風(fēng)警報(bào)⑦awarningsignal/sign警告信號(hào)/警示標(biāo)志詞匯拓展warnv.警告;提醒注意;告誡warnsb.that...提醒某人注意……warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人注意某事物warnsb.todosth.警告/告誡某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.=warnsb.againstdoingsth.警告/告誡某人不要做某事?Theywarnedhimof/aboutthedangersofsailingalone.他們提醒他注意獨(dú)自航行的重重危險(xiǎn)。?Iwarnedyounottowalkhomealone.=Iwarnedyouagainstwalkinghomealone.我告誡過你不要一個(gè)人步行回家。8.departuren.離開,起程MaMing'sdeparturehaspleasedhisneighbours.馬明的離開讓他的鄰居們很高興。(教材P30)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Afewdaysafterourdeparturefromthecamp,ourcarwaswellandtrulystuckinthemud.我們離開營(yíng)地幾天后,我們的車完全陷在泥里了。?(譯林選擇性必修三)DoyouknowwhatliesbehindhersuddendepartureforLondon?你知道她突然去倫敦的真正原因嗎?用法歸納①departurefor

...起程去……②departurefrom

...離開……詞匯拓展departv.離開,起程,出發(fā)departfor...起程去……departfrom...離開……;從……出發(fā)?InthemorningMr.McDonalddepartedforSydney.麥克唐納先生早上起程去了悉尼。?FlightsforRomedepartfromTerminal3.飛往羅馬的班機(jī)從3號(hào)航站樓出發(fā)。9.toleratevt.忍受;忍耐;容忍,容許;寬容Hecouldnolongertolerateit.他再也忍受不了了。?(教材P31)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Theteacherdoesn'ttolerateeatinginclass.老師不容許在課堂上吃東西。Chineseparentswon'ttoleratetheirchildrenknockingonthebowlwithchopstickswhenhavingdinner.中國(guó)的父母不容許他們的孩子在用餐時(shí)用筷子敲碗。(寫作—餐桌禮儀)用法歸納①toleratedoing

sth.容許做某事②toleratesb.doing

sth.容許某人做某事詞匯拓展①tolerancen.容忍;寬恕②tolerantadj.寬容的,容忍的betolerantof/towards...對(duì)……寬容?Asagoodleader,shewasalwaystoleranttowardsdifferentviews.作為一名優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,她對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)總是很包容。③tolerantlyadv.寬容地,容忍地④tolerableadj.可忍受的;過得去的⑤tolerablyadv.相當(dāng);尚可10.botherv.(使)擔(dān)心,(使)生氣,(使)苦惱;花費(fèi)時(shí)間/精力;給……造成麻煩Sheaddedthatitwasn'tonlythewaterfallingontotheirbalconyfromSmithwateringhisplantsthatbotheredthem,butalsothewayhecleanedhisfishtanks.她補(bǔ)充說,讓他們生氣的不僅是史密斯給他的植物澆水時(shí)灑落到他們陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的水,還有他清理魚缸的方式。(教材P31)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Idon'twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。Hedidn'tevenbothertoletmeknowhewascoming.他甚至都沒通知我他要來(lái)。Idon'tknowwhyyoubotherwiththatcrowd.我弄不懂你為什么和那伙人浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Myolderbrothercouldn'tbebotheredtoplaywithme.我哥哥懶得和我一起玩。?(2020浙江)Itbothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里,我便坐立不安。用法歸納①bothertodo

/doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/精力做某事②bothersb.with

/aboutsth.使某人為某事操心;為某事麻煩某人③Itbotherssb.todo

/that...使某人煩惱/不安的是(做)……④botherabout/with

...在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/精力⑤can't/couldn'tbebotheredtodo

sth.不想花時(shí)間/精力做某事⑥Whybother?何必那么麻煩?⑦Don'tbother.不用麻煩了。11.withdrawv.(使)退出(活動(dòng)、組織等);(使)撤回;取(款);不與人交往Thisdoesnotsolveanyproblemandthepersonwhowithdrawsfeelsmoreandmoreangrywiththeotherperson.這并不能解決任何問題,并且退出的人會(huì)對(duì)對(duì)方感到越來(lái)越生氣。(教材P113)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)She'sbeginningtowithdrawintoherself.她開始變得不愛與人交往了。Thiscreditcardallowsyoutowithdrawupto$100,000adayfromcashdispensers.這張信用卡可以讓你一天從自動(dòng)取款機(jī)上提取最多10萬(wàn)美元。She'dhalfexpectedhimtowithdrawfromthecourse.她多少已經(jīng)預(yù)料到他會(huì)退出這門課程。(讀后續(xù)寫—心理描寫)用法歸納①withdrawinto

oneself離群索居,不與人交往②withdrawfrom

...從……撤出/退出③withdraw...from

...從……提取……;使……從……撤回;使……退出……詞匯拓展withdrawaln.撤走;取回;退出;(從銀行賬戶中)提款,取款?Youcanmakewithdrawalsofupto$10,000aday.你一天可以從銀行賬戶中提取最多1萬(wàn)美元。12.panicn.驚恐,惶恐,驚慌v.(使)驚慌,驚慌失措Thecalmendedandpanicsetin.平靜結(jié)束了,恐慌開始了。?(教材P36)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Themenonboardwereinpanic.船上的人驚慌失措。Youhavebeenstudyinghard,sothere'snoneedforyoutogetintoapanicabouttheexams.你一直都努力學(xué)習(xí),所以你沒有必要為考試而陷入恐慌。?(寫作—建議信)Rumourspanickedmanycitizensintofloodingintosupermarketstobuysalt.謠言令許多市民倉(cāng)皇地涌入超市買鹽。用法歸納①in

(a)panic恐慌(地),驚慌失措(地)②getinto

apanic陷入恐慌③amomentofpanic一時(shí)驚慌④thepanicover/about...對(duì)……的恐慌⑤panicsb.into

doingsth.使某人倉(cāng)皇地做某事⑥D(zhuǎn)on'tpanic!別慌!特別提醒panic的過去式和過去分詞分別是panicked、panicked。詞匯拓展panickyadj.焦慮不安的,驚慌的13.distributevt.分發(fā),分配,分送;使分布;分銷Billdistributedthebeeramongusandweconsumedalot.比爾把啤酒分給我們,我們喝了很多。?(教材P37)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Themoneywasdistributedamongschoolsinthearea.這筆款項(xiàng)是在本地區(qū)的學(xué)校中分配的。Theorganizationdistributedfoodtotheearthquakevictims.這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)向地震災(zāi)民分發(fā)了食品。MostofChina'sdatacentersaredistributedintheeasternregionsatpresent.目前,中國(guó)大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)中心分布在東部地區(qū)。(ChinaDaily)用法歸納①distribute...to

...把……分發(fā)/分配給……②distribute...among

...在……中分發(fā)/分配……詞匯拓展①distributionn.分配;分布;分發(fā),分送;經(jīng)銷②distributorn.經(jīng)銷商;分銷商14.dozennum.一打;十幾個(gè)Well,theVIPshappenedtobeageneralandagroupofaboutadozenpeople.嗯,貴賓碰巧是一位將軍和一群人,有大約十幾個(gè)。(教材P37)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Wealreadyhavemanypencils,butweneedtwodozenofthepens.我們已有許多鉛筆,但我們需要兩打鋼筆。Webuyeggsbythedozen,whichmeansatleasttwelveatatime.我們成打地買雞蛋,也就是說一次至少買十二個(gè)。Whenthesupermarketopensinthemorning,youcangetadiscountifyoubuytwodozeneggsormore.當(dāng)超市早上開門時(shí),如果你買兩打或更多的雞蛋,你可以獲得折扣。Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition.大火還造成數(shù)十人受傷,其中5人傷情危急。用法歸納①dozensof

許多;幾十個(gè)②by

thedozen大量地;成打地③dozen與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),其后一般不接介詞of

;但當(dāng)dozen后面的名詞被the、

these、those等詞限定或其后接的是us、them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí),dozen后要接介詞of

。15.appreciationn.感激;欣賞;理解,同情Asthegeneralhandedhimthewatch,“fromthearmy,toshowourappreciation,”thekidmoreorlessthrewthewatchbackathim.當(dāng)將軍將那塊“來(lái)自軍隊(duì),為了表示我們的感謝”的表遞給他時(shí),這個(gè)孩子幾乎是將表扔回給他。?(教材P37)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Shewantedtoshowherappreciationfortheirselflessservice.她想對(duì)他們無(wú)私的服務(wù)表示感謝。?(讀后續(xù)寫—心理描寫)Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciationofallyou'vedoneforus.請(qǐng)接受這份禮物,作為對(duì)你為我們所做的一切的感謝。Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodthatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.理解了媽媽的好意,我感激地吃她提供的所有食物。?(2020全國(guó)Ⅲ)用法歸納①withappreciation感激地②show/expressone'sappreciationfor

...對(duì)……表示感謝③inappreciationof

...作為對(duì)……的感謝④developanappreciationof...培養(yǎng)對(duì)……的欣賞力詞匯拓展①appreciatev.欣賞;感激;領(lǐng)會(huì)appreciate(sb.)doingsth.感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……,我將不勝感激。?Wewouldappreciateyoulettingusknowofanyproblems.如有任何問題,請(qǐng)告訴我們。?Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.如果你能考慮我的申請(qǐng),我將不勝感激。?(寫作—申請(qǐng)信)②appreciativeadj.感激的;欣賞的16.banvt.禁止,取締n.禁令,禁止Inmyopinion,weshouldgofurtherandbanadvertisementsforanyunhealthyproductssuchasalcoholandfriedfood.在我看來(lái),我們應(yīng)該更進(jìn)一步,禁止任何不健康產(chǎn)品的廣告,如酒和油炸食品。(教材P40)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Agreatmanysmokersalsosupportthebanonsmokinginpublic.很多煙民也支持禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers.在過去的七年里,大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信。?(2022全國(guó)新高考Ⅱ)Hesaysthereisanewlawthatbansdriversfromtalkingonthephonewhiledriving.他說有一項(xiàng)新法律禁止司機(jī)開車時(shí)打電話。Bannedfromthehotelsince2001,Burchillisnowwelcometocomeback.自2001年起,該酒店就禁止伯奇爾入住,現(xiàn)在歡迎他回來(lái)。?(2021全國(guó)甲)用法歸納①a/thebanon

sth.針對(duì)……的禁令②impose/liftaban(on...)頒布/解除(對(duì)……的)禁令③bansth.禁止某事(物)④bansb.from

(doing)sth.禁止某人做某事;禁止某人去某處17.harmvt.傷害n.損害,危害Undoubtedly,unhealthyproductsharmourhealth.毫無(wú)疑問,不健康的產(chǎn)品危害我們的健康。(教材P40)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Thecourtcasewilldoseriousharmtomybusiness.這起訴訟案件將嚴(yán)重?fù)p害我的生意。Hemaysayno,butthere'snoharminasking.他可能會(huì)說不,但問一問也無(wú)妨。用法歸納①harmtheenvironment損害環(huán)境②doharmto

sb./sth.=dosb./sth.harm對(duì)某人/某物有害③Thereisnoharmin

(sb.'s)doingsth.=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.做某事(對(duì)某人來(lái)說)沒有害處。④physical/emotionalharm身體/情感傷害⑤meannoharm沒有惡意易混辨析harm指“損害,使受傷害”,可用于抽象事物wound指“傷害,使受傷”,主要指槍、刀、劍等武器對(duì)身體造成的創(chuàng)傷,也可指感情上的傷害;作為及物動(dòng)詞,其賓語(yǔ)是整個(gè)人而不是受傷的部位injure指“使受傷,傷害”,尤其指在事故中受到傷害,常暗示受傷部位的功能受到影響hurt指“使人的肉體受傷或疼痛”或“傷了人的自尊心或感情”,用作形容詞時(shí)只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)?Tominjuredhisleginanaccidentandarobberwoundedhimintheshoulderthathurtbadly,whichharmedhisfuture.湯姆在一次事故中傷了腿,一個(gè)搶劫犯打傷了他的肩膀,肩膀痛得厲害,這損害了他的將來(lái).詞匯拓展①harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto...對(duì)……有害?Fruitjuicescanbeharmfultochildren'steeth.果汁可能會(huì)損壞兒童的牙齒。②harmlessadj.無(wú)害的18.concludev.作出結(jié)論,推斷出;(使)結(jié)束;達(dá)成(協(xié)定)Toconclude,lawstobanTVadvertisementsforunhealthyproductsarebeneficialtosociety.總之,禁止不健康產(chǎn)品的電視廣告的法律對(duì)社會(huì)是有益的。?(教材P40)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Whatdoyouconcludefromthat?你從那件事中得出了什么結(jié)論?Heconcludeseachchapterwithashortsummary.他以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的總結(jié)結(jié)束每一章。Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他從他們的言論中推斷出他們不贊同此項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。Itwasconcludedthatthelevelofchangenecessarywouldbelow.結(jié)論是,需要作出的變更程度很低。Toconclude,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofthewatershortage.總之,世界各地的人應(yīng)該意識(shí)到水資源短缺的真實(shí)情況。(寫作—節(jié)約用水)用法歸納①to

conclude總之,最后②It

isconcludedthat...結(jié)論是……③conclude...from

...從……中推斷出……④conclude(from...)that

...(從……中)推斷出……⑤concludesth.with

sb./sth.與某人達(dá)成協(xié)定,以某物結(jié)束某事物詞匯拓展conclusionn.結(jié)論,推論;結(jié)束,結(jié)局;達(dá)成inconclusion(=toconclude)總之;最后reach/draw/cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論reach/cometotheconclusionthat...斷定……;得出……結(jié)論jump/leaptotheconclusionthat...貿(mào)然斷定……?Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyable,andreadilyavailableformofexercise.綜上所述,散步是一種廉價(jià)、安全、有趣而又隨時(shí)可以開展的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。(寫作—散步的好處)?Fromhislesson,wereach/cometotheconclusionthatitisnotdifficulttolearnEnglishwellifwefindagoodway.從他的課上我們得出結(jié)論,如果我們找到好的方法,那么學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并不難。19.beneficialadj.有利的,有幫助的,有用的Toconclude,lawstobanTVadvertisementsforunhealthyproductsarebeneficialtosociety.總之,禁止不健康產(chǎn)品的電視廣告的法律對(duì)社會(huì)是有益的。?(教材P40)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Personally,Ithinkthisplanisverybeneficialtousstudents.我個(gè)人認(rèn)為這個(gè)計(jì)劃對(duì)我們學(xué)生非常有益。?Workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst.早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃早餐更有益于健康。?(2020江蘇)用法歸納bebeneficialto

/for

...對(duì)……有益詞匯拓展benefitv.得益;對(duì)……有好處;使受益n.好處;利益;優(yōu)勢(shì)benefitfrom/by...從……中受益;得益于……get/gain(a)benefitfrom...從……中受益forthebenefitofsb.=forsb.'sbenefit為了某人的利益?Everyoneofuscanbenefitfromphysicalexercise.我們每個(gè)人都能從體育鍛煉中受益。(寫作—體育鍛煉)?Weneedpeopleworkingforthebenefitofthecommunity.我們需要為社區(qū)利益工作的人。20.recoveryn.康復(fù),痊愈;改善,復(fù)蘇;收回Althoughdoctorsdon'tfullyunderstandcomasandtheprocessofrecovery,itisgenerallyagreedthatapatient'schancesofrecoverydeclinethelongertheystayinacoma.盡管醫(yī)生們并不完全了解昏迷和康復(fù)的過程,但人們普遍認(rèn)同,病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),康復(fù)的可能性就會(huì)變小。(教材P43)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Myfatherhasmadeafullrecoveryfromtheoperation.我父親手術(shù)后已完全康復(fù)了。Theoperationwasasuccess.She'snowinrecovery.手術(shù)很成功,她現(xiàn)在正在恢復(fù)中。用法歸納①in

recovery在恢復(fù)中②(a)recoveryfrom

...從……中恢復(fù)/痊愈③makeafullrecovery完全康復(fù)④makeaquick/slowrecovery恢復(fù)迅速/緩慢⑤aneconomicrecovery經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇⑥arecoveryin...……方面的改善/復(fù)蘇詞匯拓展recoverv.恢復(fù)健康,康復(fù);恢復(fù)常態(tài);找回,尋回;恢復(fù);重新控制recoverfrom...從……中恢復(fù)過來(lái)recoveroneself鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)recoversth.(from...)(從……)尋回某物?Thepoliceeventuallyrecoveredthestolenpaintings.警方最終追回了失竊的油畫。?Theplayerisundergoodtreatmentandhewillrecoverfromhisinjurybeforelong.這名運(yùn)動(dòng)員正在接受良好的治療,不久就會(huì)從受傷中康復(fù)。21.requestn.&vt.請(qǐng)求,要求Staffatafamouscompanyisusedtodealingwithrequestsforcompensationfollowingpoorweather,cancelledflightsandlostluggage...一家著名公司的員工習(xí)慣了處理惡劣天氣、航班取消和行李丟失后的賠償金請(qǐng)求……?(教材P45)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Theyhavemadeanurgentrequestforinternationalaid.他們緊急請(qǐng)求國(guó)際援助。Attherequestoftheteachers/Attheteachers'requesttheprofessorwillgiveusalecture.應(yīng)老師們的請(qǐng)求,這位教授將給我們講課。ThecommitteerequestedagrantfromtheGovernmenttocovertheextraexpense.委員會(huì)請(qǐng)求政府撥款以支付這筆額外的費(fèi)用。Myparentsrequestedmetolearnasecondlanguage.=MyparentsrequestedthatI(should)learnasecondlanguage.我父母要求我學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言。Itisrequestedthatallthevisitors(should)nottakeanypicturesofpaintingsintheexhibition.根據(jù)要求,所有參觀者都不應(yīng)給展覽會(huì)上的畫拍任何照片。(寫作—參觀展覽)用法歸納①makearequestfor

/that...請(qǐng)求/要求……②at

sb.'srequest/therequestofsb.應(yīng)某人的要求③requeststh.from

...向……請(qǐng)求某物④requestsb.todo

sth.請(qǐng)求/要求某人做某事⑤requestthatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事⑥It

isrequestedthatsb.(should)dosth.據(jù)要求,某人做某事。特別提醒動(dòng)詞request后的賓語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句以及名詞request后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。高頻詞匯積累詞匯釋義用法&拓展negotiatev.談判,協(xié)商;商定,達(dá)成(協(xié)議)negotiatewithsb.about/forsth.就某事和某人進(jìn)行協(xié)商negotiatesth.withsb.和某人商定某事negotiationn.協(xié)商;談判undernegotiation在商談中innegotiationwith和……協(xié)商resolvev.解決(問題、困難);決心,決定;作出決議,表決n.決心;堅(jiān)定的信念resolveanissue/aconflict/acrisis/differences解決問題/沖突/危機(jī)/分歧resolveon(doing)sth.決定(做)某事resolvetodosth.決定做某事resolutionn.解決;決心,決定;決議resolvedadj.下定決心的;堅(jiān)定的solvev.解決(問題)settlev.解決(分歧、糾紛等)inconveniencen.不便,麻煩conveniencen.[U]便利,方便;[C]方便的用具forconvenience為了方便起見forsb.'sconvenience=fortheconvenienceofsb.為了方便某人atsb.'sconvenience在某人方便的時(shí)候,在某人適宜的地點(diǎn)convenientadj.方便的,便利的Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說是方便的。monitorv.監(jiān)督;監(jiān)視;監(jiān)測(cè),檢測(cè)n.顯示器,監(jiān)視器;監(jiān)控器;班長(zhǎng)Thecomputerwillmonitorallofthecar'smovements.電腦會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)汽車的所有活動(dòng)。aremotemonitor遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控器aclassmonitor班長(zhǎng)packv.打包;包裝;擠滿,塞滿n.一捆;包,包裹;一伙,一幫;一群packAin/intoB把A裝入Bpackup把……打包,收拾行李;停止,結(jié)束apackof一包;一群(動(dòng)物或人);一盒remoteadj.偏僻的,偏遠(yuǎn)的;久遠(yuǎn)的;遠(yuǎn)程的;遠(yuǎn)親的n.遙控器intheremotefuture在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)remoteeducation遠(yuǎn)程教育remotecontroln.遙控;遙控器remotenessn.遙遠(yuǎn),偏僻edgen.邊,邊緣;刀刃;優(yōu)勢(shì)(生義)ontheedgeof...在……的邊上ontheedgeofone'sseat極為激動(dòng)pleasantadj.禮貌而友善的,和藹可親的;令人愉快的,宜人的,吸引人的pleasev.使愉快;使?jié)M意pleasedadj.高興的,愉快的;滿意的bepleasedwith...對(duì)……滿意bepleasedtodosth.樂于做某事pleasingadj.令人高興的;令人滿意的keenadj.著迷的,有強(qiáng)烈興趣的;熱情的,熱心的;渴望的,熱切的bekeenonsb./sth./doingsth.

對(duì)某人/某物/做某事著迷/有興趣bekeentodosth./ondoing

sth.渴望/熱衷于做某事displayvt.展示,陳列n.顯示;陳列;表演ondisplay陳列;展出afireworkdisplay煙火表演representativen.代表,代理人representvt.代表,表示;象征;

描繪;聲稱;清楚說明representationn.代表;表現(xiàn);陳述greetvt.問候,迎接,招呼greetsb.with...用……與某人打招呼greetingsn.[pl.]問候的話;祝詞;賀詞holidaygreetings節(jié)日的問候incidentn.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件Thiswasaveryunfortunateincident.這是一次非常不幸的事件。?eventn.大事;事件affairn.事件;事情;事務(wù)greedn.[U]貪欲,貪婪;貪吃greedyadj.貪婪的,貪心的;貪吃的;渴望的begreedyfor...渴望得到……greedilyadv.貪婪地經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu)1.助動(dòng)詞do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Idounderstandwhyyouareupset我確實(shí)理解你為什么難過?(教材P28)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)ShedoesworkveryhardatherEnglish.她學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)真的很用功。Jacksaidhewouldcomeandhedidcome.杰克說他要來(lái),他果真來(lái)了。Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou'llsucceed.如果你有一份工作,一定要全身心投入其中,最后你會(huì)成功的。KnowingyouareinterestedinChina,Idobelieveyoucanhelpmesolvethepuzzle.知道你對(duì)中國(guó)感興趣,我真的相信你能幫我解決這個(gè)難題。?(寫作—跨文化交流)用法歸納①助動(dòng)詞do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中,意為“確實(shí)”“果真”“真的”“的確”等。②在祈使句中,do表示強(qiáng)烈的請(qǐng)求,而不是命令,有時(shí)它可以使邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方的態(tài)度更加客氣、熱情、友好,而且親切,可譯為“務(wù)必”。2.notonly...but(also)...不但……而且……Sheaddedthatitwasn'tonlythewaterfallingontotheirbalconyfromSmithwateringhisplantsthatbotheredthem,butalsothewayhecleanedhisfishtanks.她補(bǔ)充說,使他們苦惱的不僅是史密斯給他的植物澆水時(shí)灑落到他們陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的水,還有他清洗魚缸的方式。(教材P31)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Notonlyhebutalsoyouarewrong.不但他錯(cuò)了,你也錯(cuò)了。There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecameanaccomplishedpublicspeaker.在那里,他不僅是一名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生,而且成了一名技藝高超的公眾演說家。?(2020江蘇)Notonlydoestheoceanofferussufficientfood,butitalsomaintainsthebalanceofnature.海洋不僅為我們提供了足夠的食物,而且還維持了自然的平衡。(寫作—海洋的重要性)用法歸納①notonly...butalso...可以連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)

、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。②notonly...butalso...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要遵循“就近一致”原則。③notonly...butalso...還可以連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。當(dāng)其連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),若notonly位于分句句首,則notonly所在的分句要用倒裝

語(yǔ)序,butalso所在的分句不用。3.bedoing...when...正在做……這時(shí)(突然)……We'dbesittingtherehappilyreadingournewspapers,whensuddenly...我們本來(lái)正開開心心地坐在那里看報(bào)紙,這時(shí)突然……?(教材P31)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Iwassittinginmyroomwithmycat,Smartie,onmylap,whentheroofjustflewoff.我正在我的房間里坐著,我的貓Smartie趴在我的大腿上,這時(shí)屋頂剛好飛掉了。(外研必修三)Iwasstandingbythecarwhenahummingbirdflewtothecenterofourgroupandbeganhovering.我正站在車旁邊,這時(shí)一只蜂鳥飛到我們隊(duì)伍的中心,開始盤旋。(2023浙江1月)用法歸納be(通常是was/were)doing...when...意為“正在做……,這時(shí)(突然)……”,其中的when是并列

連詞。結(jié)構(gòu)拓展并列連詞when還可以構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu):hadjustdone...when...剛做完……這時(shí)……beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時(shí)……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……這時(shí)……4.so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句...somuchwaterwouldcomefromabovethatwe'dbeaswetasifwehadshoweredwithourclotheson!……很多水從上而降,我們被淋濕,就好像穿著衣服洗了澡一樣!(教材P31)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Shedancedsobeautifullythateveryonescreamed.她跳得如此好,以至于每個(gè)人都尖叫起來(lái)。Hetoldsointerestingastorythatwealllaughed.他講了一個(gè)如此有趣的故事,我們都笑了起來(lái)。Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.它太小了,我們不得不把手提箱放在走廊里。(2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ)Theyhandedhimsomanycardsthattheyfilledseverallargeboxes.他們遞給他如此多的卡片,以至于好幾個(gè)大盒子裝滿了。(2019天津)Hehadsolittleeducationthathewasunfitforthisjob.他受到的教育太少,不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。Sofastdidhewalkthatwedidn'tkeepupwithhim.他走得如此快,我們跟不上他。用法歸納①so...that...意為“如此……以致……”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下:so+形容詞/副詞

+that從句so+形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that從句so+many

/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句so+much/little

+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句②當(dāng)so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),如果so位于句首,則so所在的主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。結(jié)構(gòu)拓展such...that...也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下:such+a(n)+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that從句such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句當(dāng)such位于句首時(shí),such所在的主句也要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。?Suchgoodnewsdidwegetthateveryonewasexcited.我們得到這么好的消息,以至于每個(gè)人都很興奮。長(zhǎng)難句Sentence1譯文邁奇的妻子勞瑞恩說,盡管邁奇平時(shí)是個(gè)平和、友善的人,但他還是因?yàn)榇_定再三被淋濕而被迫做出這種暴力的行為。Sentence2譯文她補(bǔ)充說,使他們苦惱的不僅是史密斯給他的植物澆水時(shí)灑落到他們陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的水,還有他清理魚缸的方式。Sentence3譯文他們中的一個(gè)人用英語(yǔ)說,他在英國(guó)工作過幾年,他受夠了這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束,他會(huì)很高興。Sentence4譯文那是我僅有的一次讓別人明白我的感受。必備語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Iusedtoplayhereasaboy.Rosemightbecomeupsetaboutthenews.JohnhastoworkonalternateSundays.LiuMeiwillgoandbuytheticketsforthegames.Youneedn'twatchthegameifyoudon'twantto.Don'tworry.Youshallhavetheticketsforthegames.用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),通常與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示說話人的看法或主觀設(shè)想。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can、could、beableto、may、might、must、haveto、shall、should、oughtto、will、would、usedto、dare和need。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除haveto、beableto外)通常無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法(一)can、could與beableto情景導(dǎo)學(xué)—Can/CouldIuseyourcomputerforamoment?—Yes,youcan.Mybrothercanplaytabletennis.Atthattimethelittlegirlcouldn'tspeak.—Canthisbetrue?—Itcan't/couldn'tbetrue.Itcanbequitecoldhereinwinter.Hewasabletofulfilhimselfthroughhispainting.I'msorryIhaven'tbeenabletoansweryourletterintime.Sciencemaybeabletoprovidesomeexplanationsofparanormal(超自然的)phenomena.用法歸納1.can和could表示許可、請(qǐng)求和建議。could比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉。2.can和could可以表示能力,相當(dāng)于beableto。can表示現(xiàn)在的能力,could表示過去的能力。3.can和could還可以表示推測(cè)。can通常用于否定

句和疑問句中,could可用于各種句式中。can還可以表示偶爾發(fā)生的情況,含“有時(shí)會(huì)”的意思。4.beableto表示具體的能力,與can的用法接近。但beableto有人稱和數(shù)的變化,時(shí)態(tài)形式比can更多樣,還可以用在may、might、should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和want、need等動(dòng)詞后。(二)may與might情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Mayyousucceed!Marymay/mightknowmyphonenumber.—May/MightIwatchTVaftersupper,Mum?—Yes,youmay/can./No,youcan't/mustn't.Youneedtohaveagoodrest.Iftheweatheristhishottomorrow,wemay/mightaswellgiveuptheideaofplayingtennisoutside.用法歸納1.may用于祈使句中,可以表示祝愿。2.may和might可以表示推測(cè)、可能性(不用于疑問句)。might表示的可能性比may表示的可能性小。3.may和might還可以表示許可、請(qǐng)求和建議。might比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉。肯定回答時(shí)一般用may或can,否定回答時(shí)可用can't或mustn't

,表示“不可以”或“禁止”。用“MayI...?”征詢對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣,而用“CanI...?”在口語(yǔ)中更常見。4.固定搭配:may/mightaswell表示“還是……為好,不妨……”。(三)must與haveto情景導(dǎo)學(xué)I'msotired.Imustgonow.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—Yes,youmust./No,youdon'thaveto./No,youneedn't.Mustyouspoileverything?用法歸納1.must表示說話人的主觀看法,而haveto則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。2.must可以表示推測(cè)、可能性(用于肯定的陳述句),意為“一定是,肯定是”。3.在回答以must(必須,一定)開頭的一般疑問句時(shí),如果是否定回答,一般不用mustn't(禁止,不準(zhǔn)),而應(yīng)用needn't或don'thaveto

(不必)。4.must還可以表示“非要;偏要;偏偏”。(四)shall、should與oughtto情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Thepresidentshallholdofficeforfiveyears.Whatshallwedothisevening?Youshallfailifyoudon'tworkhard.Idon'tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.Weshould/oughttoallworktogethertodrawanewandbetterblueprintforthesakeofsucceedinggenerations.用法歸納1.shall用于正式文件、法律、規(guī)章制度等,表示規(guī)定。2.shall用于主語(yǔ)為第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示征求意見。3.shall用于主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話人的決心或給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。4.should可以表示說話人的意外、驚訝等情緒,意為“竟然

”。5.should與oughtto表示義務(wù)或建議,意為“應(yīng)該”;兩者也可以表示可能性,意思相當(dāng)于willprobably。(五)will、would與usedto情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?Iwillhelpyouifyou'reintrouble.Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.Heusedtobelate,butnowheisthefirstonetoarriveatschooleveryday.用法歸納1.will可以表示一般規(guī)律或真理,意為“通常會(huì),注定會(huì)”。2.will、would可以表示請(qǐng)求、建議等,would語(yǔ)氣更委婉。3.will、would可以表示意愿。will表示現(xiàn)在的意愿;would用于過去的情況,也可表示現(xiàn)在的意愿,但語(yǔ)氣比will更委婉。4.would和usedto都可以表示過去的習(xí)慣,但would比usedto正式,且沒有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”之意,而usedto所表示的過去的習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在通常已經(jīng)沒有了。(六)dare與need情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Hedarenotgotoschoolalone.NeedItellherthenewsatonce?Jackneedstohelpherbecausesheisintrouble.用法歸納1.dare和need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),常用于疑問句和否定句中。2.這兩個(gè)詞也可以用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。(七)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接完成式的用法情景導(dǎo)學(xué)It'sonlyfiveminutes'walk.Weneedn'thavetakenataxi.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Hecan'thavegoneabroad;Isawhimtenminutesago.It'stoolate.Youcouldhavetoldhimearlier.Theymay/mightnothaveknownitbeforehand.Youshould/oughttohavestudiedharder.Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheCollegeEntranceExamination.用法歸納1.needn'thavedone表示過去做了本來(lái)不必做的事情。2.musthavedone表示對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測(cè),語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),意思是“一定,肯定”。3.can/couldhavedone一般用于否定句、疑問句中,表示對(duì)過去某種情況的懷疑或不確定,could的語(yǔ)氣較弱,其否定形式為can't/couldn'thavedone

,意為“不可能”。couldhavedone還可以表示過去本來(lái)可以做某事而未做。4.may/mighthavedone用于對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況進(jìn)行不確定的推測(cè),might的語(yǔ)氣稍弱,通常不用于疑問句中。mighthavedone還可表示過去可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際未發(fā)生。5.should/oughttohavedone表示過去本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒有做,其否定形式則表示已經(jīng)做了不該做的事情,含有責(zé)備的意思。oughtto的語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)烈。6.在虛擬條件句中,如果表示與過去

事實(shí)相反的情況,從句用過去完成時(shí),而主句則用

“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞”的形式,即would/could/should/mighthavedone。近義動(dòng)詞幾組常見的近義動(dòng)詞:一、divide與separate情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisecanbedividedintothreefactors.Thosesufferingfrominfectiousdiseaseswereseparatedfromtheotherpatients.用法歸納