2023-2024學(xué)年外研版（2019） 必修第三冊 Unit 3 The world of Science Understanding ideas課時練（含答案）

Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.單詞拼寫1.Mom,pleaseremembertobuytwomedium-sized(電池)formyalarmclockwhenyougotothestore.2.Wheneverthereisasaleinthesupermarket,mymotheralwaysendsupbuyinggood(物品)atalowprice.3.Hehasa(渴望)forsuccessthoughhehasfailedmanytimes.4.Suddenly,awhitelight(射出)towardsmyeyes,andIcouldseenothing.5.Ifyouwanttostartthemachine,(按)thebutton.6.Ifyouareeasytogetlost,you’dbettertakea(指南針)withyou.7.Home-workingopportunitiesand(靈活的)workinghoursaretopconcernsfortheworkingmothers.8.Alargefirmis(有能力的)ofprovidingawiderrangeofservicesforthepublic.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.Developingahabitofplayingteamsportscanreduce(press)andkeepfit.2.Animalsinthezoohavelostthe(capable)tocatchfoodforthemselves.3.Aslongaswestrugglehard,ourdreamthatseemsnottoberealisedforever,canturninto(realise)soonerorlater.4.The(flexible)ofdistancelearningwouldbeparticularlysuitedtobusymanagers.5.Scientistsandengineersaroundtheworldhavemadegreat(advance)inArtificialIntelligence.6.ThemanagerthoughtPaulwasthebestpersonforthejobtermsofbothhisabilityandhisquality.7.Asweallknow,hardworkisessentialforourcareeranditcanleadsuccess.8.Thanks?hisgiftforlearningforeignlanguages,Billcancommunicatewithpeoplefreelyinthiscountrynow.9.Thehotelitselfcanaccommodate80guestsandaddition,thereareseveralself-cateringapartments.10.Ifyousaytheword“communication”,mostpeoplethinkwordsandsentences.Ⅲ.單句寫作1.昨天的交通事故到底是在哪里發(fā)生的?theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?2.有那么多事情要做,她今天上午沒有時間去購物了。,shewon’thavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.3.邁克有可能提前完成這項任務(wù)。thetaskaheadoftime.4.很明顯,五年級的學(xué)生比一年級的學(xué)生要高。It’sobviousthatstudentsinGrade5?thoseinGrade1.5.依我看,一個人的成功不能總是從錢的角度來衡量。Inmyopinion,one’ssuccesscannotalwaysbemeasured.Ⅳ.閱讀理解A17-year-oldArulMathurhasdevelopedanewfireextinguisher(滅火器)tohelpputoutwildfiresnearhouses.ThefireextinguisheriscalledtheFireActivatedCanisterExtinguisher(FACE).Overthepastthreeyears,therehavebeenalmost7,500,000acresofwildfiresinCaliforniaalone,whichdemolishnearly50,000buildings.Thishascausedmanylocalpeopletobecomehomeless.ArulgrewupinNewJerseywherewildfireswerehardlyheardof.AftermovingtoCaliforniain2012,hebegantohearaboutwildfires.Inthesummerof2019,awildfirethreatenedhisfamilytoleavetheirhome.Uponquestioninghimselfonthereasonbehindthespreadofwildfires,Arulrealizedthefact.Bythetimefirefightersgetthenoticeofawildfire,thewildfirehasalreadygrownoutofcontrol.FACEcanhelpstopwildfiresbeforetheyburnhouses.Itputsoutwildfiresbyitselfaftersensingextremeheatwithouthumans.Itcanstandtheextremeconditionwhichisahigh-temperatureenvironment.Moreover,ithasabracket(支架)thatallowsittobeplacedinavarietyofhigh-riskareas.Unliketraditionalfireextinguishers,FACEhasamixtureofwaterandanenvironmentally-friendlyfireretardant(阻燃劑)withinit.Arulsaid,“IthinkthatbyowningFACE,peoplenolongerhavetorelyonthefiredepartmenttosavetheirhouses.”Firefighterscouldfocusoncontrollingthefire,whilepeoplecouldprotecttheirhomes.HeisnowrunningapilottestwithsomeofhisfriendsfromthemediaplatformKickstarter.Hesaid,“Ingeneral,FACEhasbeenverywell-receivedthroughthemediaplatform.”Arulhasgreatinterestinfiresafetyandpreventionandactivelysearchesforwaystospreadawareness.Helovestoexploreadvancesintechnologyandheishappytogivecommunitiessomeadviceonfireprevention.Arulisnowplanningtodeveloplargerunitsforspecificuseinforestapplications.Hesaid,“Humanshaveseengreatprogressintechnology.Now,weneedtousepresenttechnologytodevelopmoreenvironmentally-friendlysolutionsforfireprevention.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demolish”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Destroy. B.Cause.C.Protect. D.Build.2.WhatcanbeknownaboutArul’sfireextinguisher?A.Ithastoworkwiththehelpofhumans.B.Itdoesverylittleharmtotheenvironment.C.Itcannotstandhightemperatures.D.Itusesthesamematerialsasatraditionalone.3.WhatdoesArulintendtodoatthemoment?A.Setupamediaplatformwithhisfriends.B.Keeppeopleupdatedonnewtechnologies.C.DevelophugerFACEforforestapplications.D.Makegreatercontributionstocleanenergy.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtobestdescribeArul?A.Friendlyandwealthy.B.Lazybutcreative.C.Hard-workingbutselfish.D.Cleverandhelpful.BSometimesapersonwhothinksinanunusualwaycanlookattheworldfromadifferentpointofview.SuchwasRichardPhillipsFeynman,arolemodelchangemaker.Bornin1918,hebeganshowingsomeunusualqualities.ThefirstsignofFeynman’suniquequalitieswasthathehadn’tyetspokenbyagethree.ButyoungFeynmanshowedatalentformathandengineering.Heenjoyedrepairinghouseholdobjects,andbuiltasimplelaboratoryinhisroom.Bythetimehewasinhighschool,hewasexperimentingthingswhichwereonlytaughttocollegestudents.AfterFeynmangraduatedfromhighschoolin1939,hestudiedatMIT.Despitethefactthathisgradesinscienceandmathwere“thebestthatwe’veseen”,accordingtoPrinceton,hewasalmostrejectedduetohisverypoorgradesinwritingandhisJewishreligion.Finally,hewasacceptedandcontinuedtostudyphysicsatPrincetonwherehegothisPhD.Hislecturesattractedmanygreatscientistsofthetime,includingAlbertEinstein.AtPrinceton,Feynmanbeganhismostfamouswork:hisworkonnuclearweapons.Hemovedtoalabandnotallofhisworktherehasbeenreleasedtothepublic,butweknowheperformedexperimentsrelatedtouranium.Afterthewar,FeynmantaughtatCornellUniversity,wherehecontinuedhisstudies.HewasalsoawardedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkinparticlephysics.Then,in1978,Feynmandevelopedcanceranddiedayearlater.ThoughFeynmanandhisworkarehonoredbyphysicistsacrosstheworld,hispersonalqualitiesandskillsarewhatreallymakehimunique.Facedwithallthechallenges,henevergaveup,doingworkthatheloveduntilthedayhedied.5.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardPhillipsFeynmanfromthetext?A.YoungFeynmanshowedhistalentineveryfield.B.FeynmanwontheNobelPrizeafterthewarended.C.YoungFeynmanenjoyedmanaginghouseholdalot.D.Feynmanwasdiagnosedwithcanceranddiedattheageof60.6.WhywasFeynmanadmittedbyPrinceton?A.BecausehewasaJewish.B.BecausehegraduatedfromMIT.C.Becausehewasverygiftedinmathandscience.D.Becausehislectureattractedmanygreatscientists.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeRichardPhillipsFeynman?A.Selflessandfriendly.B.Talentedandstubborn.C.Intelligentanddevoted.D.Strong-willedandhumorous.8.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.RichardPhillipsFeynman’sUnusualQualitiesB.RichardPhillipsFeynman—ARespectedScientistC.ATouchingStoryAboutRichardPhillipsFeynmanD.TheInfluenceofRichardPhillipsFeynmanCTenyearsafterintroducing“GoogleGlass”,AlphabetInc.hascreatedanewkindofsmarteyeglasses.Thecompanysaysthewearablecomputerdevicecantranslatedifferentlanguagesinrealtime.Aworkingmodeloftheyet-unnameddevicewaspresentedtothepublicthisweekduringtheyearlyGoogleI/Odeveloperconference.Googledidnotsaywhentheglassesmightgoonsaletothepublic.ThefirstGoogleGlassdeviceincludedawearablecamerathatcouldfilmwhatthewearerssaw.Thatcausedwidespreadprivacyconcerns.ThecameraelementalsogaveGoogleGlassakindofscience-fictionlook.Thelatestdevicelooksmoresimilartotraditionalglasses.Abriefdemonstrationoftheneweyeglassesdescribeditstranslationability,butdidnotprovideadditionaldetails.Thecompanyalsodidnotsaywhetherthenewdevicewouldbeequippedwithacamera.Ademonstrationexplainedthataperson,wearingtheglassesandtalkingwithsomeonewhospeaksadifferentlanguage,canseethespokenwordsintheirownlanguage.ThedescriptionshowedtranslationsinvolvingEnglish,Mandarin,SpanishandAmericanSignLanguage.Thenewdeviceisoneofseveralproductssharedattheconferencethatarecurrentlyindevelopment.ThecompanysaystheproductsaimtobetterconnectGoogleserviceswithactivitieshappeningintherealworld.Thisincludescompanyofferingsforsearchingandviewingmapsaswellasotherservicesusingthelatestdevelopmentsinartificialintelligence.EddieChung,adirectorofproductmanagementatGoogle,spoketodevelopersabouttheneweyeglasses.“Whatwe’reworkingonistechnologythatenablesustobreakdownlanguagebarriers,takingyearsofresearchinGoogleTranslateandbringingthattoglasses,”hesaid.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesmarteyeglasses?A.Theyhaveakindofscience-fictionlook.B.TheycantranslatesomelanguagesintooralEnglish.C.Theywillbeequippedwithacamera.D.Theycanhelpcertainpeopleremovelanguagebarriers.10.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Toshareawearablecomputerdeviceonsale.B.Toadvertisethesmarteyeglassesforsale.C.Tointroduceanewproductindevelopment.D.ToshowthedevelopmentofGoogleGlassDevice.11.Whoarethesmarteyeglassesmostlikelyintendedfor?A.Deafmenatinternationalconferences.B.E-readersreadingforeignoriginalworks.C.JapanesetalkingwithFrenchmen.D.Travellerssearchingandviewingmapsabroad.12.What’sEddieChung’sattitudetowardstheneweyeglasses?A.Concerned. B.Doubtful.C.Disapproving. D.Positive.參考答案Ⅰ.1.pass7.flexible8.capableⅡ.1.pressure2.capability3.reality4.flexibility5.advances6.in7.to8.to9.in10.ofⅢ.1.Wherewasitthat2.Withsomanythingstodo3.ItispossibleforMiketofinish4.aretallerthan5.intermsofmoneyⅣ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了Arul發(fā)明滅火器的原因、滅火器的優(yōu)勢及他為火災(zāi)預(yù)防與控制做出的貢獻。1.A詞義猜測題。本句中的“which”指代“almost7,500,000acresofwildfiresinCaliforniaalone”。根據(jù)常識,火會摧毀建筑。故選A項。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“FACEhasamixtureofwaterandanenvironmentally-friendlyfireretardant”可知B項正確,故選B項。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Arulisnowplanningtodeveloplargerunitsforspecificuseinforestapplications.”可知Arul正計劃開發(fā)可供森林專門使用的更大的設(shè)備。故選C項。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知,Arul聽說并親歷火災(zāi)后,為了幫助人們控制火災(zāi),保護家園,年僅17歲的他就發(fā)明了FACE滅火器,該滅火器有很多優(yōu)勢。由此可以看出,Arul很聰明。此外,他還努力提高人們的火災(zāi)安全與預(yù)防意識,為防火做出了貢獻。故選D項?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位備受尊敬的科學(xué)家RichardPhillipsFeynman,介紹了他的個人經(jīng)歷以及取得的成就。5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Afterthewar,FeynmantaughtatCornellUniversity,wherehecontinuedhisstudies.HewasalsoawardedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkinparticlephysics.”可知,Feynman是在戰(zhàn)后獲得諾貝爾獎的。6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Despitethefactthathisgradesinscienceandmathwere‘thebestthatwe’veseen’”可知,Feynman被普林斯頓錄取是因為他在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)方面很有天賦。7.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及第三段內(nèi)容可知,Feynman很聰明;結(jié)合第四、五段可看出Feynman從普林斯頓大學(xué)讀博到之后工作