計算機英語教學課件

計算機英語OverviewofComputerEnglishFundamentalsofComputerEnglishComputerHardwareEnglishComputerSoftwareEnglishComputerNetworkEnglishPracticalApplicationofComputerEnglish目錄CONTENTOverviewofComputerEnglish01ComputerEnglishisaprofessionalEnglishinthefieldofcomputerscienceandinformationtechnology,coveringtermsandconceptsrelatedtocomputerhardware,software,networks,databases,andotheraspects.DefinitionComputerEnglishhasthecharacteristicsofstrongprofessionalism,numerousterms,andrapidupdates.ItrequireslearnerstohaveasolidfoundationinEnglishandacertainlevelofcomputerprofessionalknowledge,inordertoaccuratelyunderstandandapplyrelevantterminologyandconcepts.FeaturesTheDefinitionandCharacteristicsofComputerEnglishInternationalcommunicationComputerEnglishistheuniversallanguageinthefieldofinternationalcomputerscienceandinformationtechnology.MasteringcomputerEnglishhelpstoparticipateininternationalcommunicationandcooperation.TechnologicalupdatesWiththerapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,newtechnologiesandconceptscontinuetoemerge,andcomputerEnglishisanimportantwaytoobtainthelatesttechnologicalinformation.EnhancingprofessionalcompetitivenessForpersonnelworkinginthefieldsofcomputerscienceandinformationtechnology,masteringcomputerEnglishcanhelpimproveprofessionalcompetitivenessandbroadencareerdevelopmentpaths.TheImportanceofComputerEnglishTheApplicationFieldsofComputerEnglishComputerhardware:Atermandconceptthatincludeshardwaredevicessuchascentralprocessingunits,memory,harddrives,graphicscards,etc.Computersoftware:Aprofessionalvocabularycoveringoperatingsystems,programminglanguages,databasemanagementsystems,softwaredevelopmenttools,andmore.Computernetwork:terminologyandconceptsrelatedtonetworktechnologiessuchaslocalareanetworks,wideareanetworks,andtheinternet,aswellasknowledgeofnetworksecurity,networkprotocols,andotheraspects.Informationtechnologyapplications:includingrelatedvocabularyandconceptsinemergingtechnologyfieldssuchasartificialintelligence,bigdata,cloudcomputing,andtheInternetofThings.FundamentalsofComputerEnglish02referstovariousphysicaldevicesofacomputer,includingthehost,monitor,keyboard,mouse,etc.HardwareReferstoprogramsanddatarunninginacomputer,includingoperatingsystems,applicationsoftware,databases,etc.SoftwareReferstotheconnectionandcommunicationbetweencomputers,includinglocalareanetworks,wideareanetworks,andtheinternet.NetworkComputerrelatedvocabularyCommonExpressionsinComputerEnglishLoginSavefileLogintothecomputersystem.Savethefile.BootupShutdownOpenfileStartthecomputer.Turnoffthecomputer.Openthefile.RAMRandomAccessMemory.CPUCentralProcessingUnit.HDDHardDiskDrive.USBUniversalSerialBus.SSDSolidStateDrive.ComputerEnglishAbbreviationsComputerHardwareEnglish03VocabularyrelatedtoCPU,memory,andharddiskAharddisk,theprimarystoragedeviceofacomputer,usedforpermanentstorageofdataandprograms.HardDiskThecentralprocessingunit,whichisthecomputingandcontrolcoreofacomputer.CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)Memory,usedtotemporarilystoreoperationaldataintheCPU,aswellasdataexchangedwithexternalmemorysuchasharddrives.Memory要點三MotherboardThemotherboardisoneofthemostbasicandimportantcomponentsofacomputer,whichinstallsthemainelectricalsystemsthatmakeupthecomputer.要點一要點二GraphicsCardAgraphicscard,alsoknownasadisplayadapter,isoneofthemostbasicandimportantcomponentsofacomputer.Thegraphicscardisanimportantcomponentofthecomputerhost.SoundCardAsoundcard,alsoknownasanaudiocard,isthemostbasiccomponentofacomputermultimediasystemandisahardwarethatconvertssoundwaves/digitalsignalstoeachother.要點三Vocabularyrelatedtomotherboards,graphicscards,andsoundcardsVocabularyrelatedtocomputerperipheralsMonitor:Adisplay,aninputandoutputdeviceofacomputer,usedtodisplayinternaldataintheformofimages.Keyboard:Thekeyboardisthemostcommonlyusedandimportantinputdevice,whichcaninputEnglishletters,Chinesecharacters,numbers,punctuationmarks,etc.intothecomputer.Mouse:Amouseisanexternalinputdeviceofacomputerandanindicatorfortheverticalandhorizontalcoordinatepositioningofthecomputerdisplaysystem.Printer:Aprinterisoneoftheoutputdevicesofacomputer,usedtoprinttheresultsofcomputerprocessingonrelevantmedia.ComputerSoftwareEnglish04OperatingSystem:Thesoftwarethatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresources,andprovidescommonservicesforcomputerprogramsKernel:Thecoreoftheoperatingsystem,responsibleformanagingsystemresourcesandprovidingbasicservicesforapplicationsUserInterface:Thepartoftheoperatingsystemthatallowsuserstointeractwiththecomputer,includingthedesktopenvironment,commandlineinterface,andgraphicaluserinterfaceDeviceDriver:AsoftwarecomponentthatallowstheoperatingsystemtocommunicatewithhardwaredevicesOperatingsystemrelatedvocabularyVocabularyrelatedtoprogramminglanguagesanddevelopmenttoolsProgrammingLanguage:Aformallanguageusedtowritecomputerprograms,suchasPython,Java,andCIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE):Asoftwareapplicationthatprovidescomprehensivefacilitiestocomputerprogrammersforsoftwaredevelopment,suchascodeediting,compiling,debugging,andversioncontrolCompiler:Asoftwareprogramthattranslatessourcecodewritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguageintomachinecodethatcanbeexecutedbyacomputerInterpreter:Asoftwareprogramthatexecutessourcecodewritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguagewithoutfirsttranslatingitintomachinecodeVocabularyrelatedtodatabasesanddatamanagementDatabase:AnorganizedcollectionofdatastoredandaccessedelectronicallyfromacomputersystemDatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS):Asoftwaresystemthatallowsuserstodefine,create,query,update,andmanagedatabasesSQL:AstandardizedprogramminglanguageusedformanagingrelationaldatabasesandperformingvariableoperationsonthedatainthemDataModeling:Theprocessofcreatingadatamodelbyapplyingstructuraldesigntechniquestodefineentities,attributes,relationships,andconstraintsthatreporttherealworlddataandrulesComputerNetworkEnglish05Theaddressusedtouniquelyidentifyadeviceonthenetwork.IPAddressAsystemthatconvertswebsitedomainnamestoIPaddresses.DNS(DomainNameSystem)Adevicethatconnectsdifferentnetworksandisusedtotransmitdata.Routeranapplicationusedtoaccessandbrowsewebpages.BrowserVocabularyrelatedtobasicknowledgeoftheInternetVocabularyrelatedtonetworksecurityFirewallAsecuritysystemthatprotectsnetworksfromunauthorizedaccessandattacks.VirusMalicioussoftwarethatcanreplicateitselfandinfectothercomputerprograms.EncryptionTransformsinformationintounreadablecodetoprotecttheconfidentialityofdata.VPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork)Establishinganencryptedchannelthroughapublicnetworktoprovidesecureremoteaccessservices.CloudComputing:Providesscalable,on-demandcomputingresourcesandservicesthroughthenetwork.SaaS(SoftwareasaService):Acloudcomputingservicewhereusersuseapplicationsthroughawebbrowser.PaaS(PlatformasaService):Acloudcomputingservicethatprovidestheplatformandtoolsrequiredforapplicationdevelopmentanddeployment.BigDatareferstoadatasetwithalargeamountofdataandfastprocessingspeed,whichrequiresspecifictechnologiesandtoolsforprocessingandanalysis.VocabularyrelatedtocloudcomputingandbigdataPracticalApplicationofComputerEnglish06FamiliarwithprofessionalterminologyMastercommonlyusedEnglishprofessionalterminologyinthecomputerfield,inordertoaccuratelyunderstandandtranslaterelevantliteratureandmaterials.ImprovereadingspeedGraduallyimprovethespeedandaccuracyofreadingcomputerEnglishliteratureandmaterialsthroughextensivereadingandpractice.UsingtranslationtoolsUseonlinetranslationtoolsorprofessionaltranslationsoftwaretoassistreading,butpayattentiontojudgingandcorrectingtheaccuracyandprofessionalismofthetranslationresults.ReadcomputerEnglishliteratureandmaterialsWritingcomputerEnglishpapersandreports