交通燈實驗報告-單片機C語言

二、用51單片機設計交通燈、彩燈控制器可實現(xiàn)功能：1）通過51單片機，在面包板上模擬交通紅綠燈。分為主干道和支干道，每條道上安裝紅、綠、黃三種顏色的燈，并用兩位八段數(shù)碼管顯示主干道三種燈亮的時間，由程序控制自動循環(huán)，紅燈40秒，綠燈35秒，黃燈5秒;2）用單片機的外部中斷0的產生來控制六路彩燈，此處只設計了四種花型。二、電路原理圖：源程序如下：#include"reg51.h"#include<intrins.h>voiddisplay(unsignedintdigital);voiddelay(unsignedinttime);voidcolour();unsignedshu[10]={0xfc,0x60,0xda,0xf2,0x66,0xb6,0xbe,0xe0,0xfe,0xf6};Unsignedled[41]={0xdf,0xef,0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xff,0xdf,0xcf,0xc7,0xc3,0xc1,0xc0,0xc1,0xc3,0xc7,0xcf,0xdf,0xff,0xf3,0xe1,0xc0,0xe1,0xf3,0xff,0xde,0xcc,0xc0,0xcc,0xdf,0xff,0xdb,0xed,0xf6,0xed,0xdb,0xff,0xc0,0xff,0xc0,0xff,0xc0,0xff};sbita=P2^6;sbitb=P2^7;sbitG=P2^0;sbitY=P2^1;sbitR=P2^2;sbitg=P2^3;sbity=P2^4;sbitr=P2^5;intflag=0;//全局變量，當它為1時顯示彩燈，當它為0時，顯示交通燈#definestate_1G=0;Y=1;R=1;g=1;y=1;r=0//主干道綠，支干道紅#definestate_2G=1;Y=0;R=1;g=1;y=1;r=0//主干道黃，支干道紅#definestate_3G=1;Y=1;R=0;g=0;y=1;r=1//主干道紅，支干道綠#definestate_4G=1;Y=1;R=0;g=1;y=0;r=1//主干道紅，支干道紅voidmain(void){unsignedinti;EA=1;//首先開啟總中斷EX0=1;//開啟外部中斷0IT0=1;//設置觸發(fā)方式為下降沿觸發(fā)while(1){while(flag==0){state_1;for(i=35;i>0;i--)delay(1);state_2;for(i=5;i>0;i--){delay(i);y1=~y1;}state_3;for(i=20;i>0;i--)delay(i);state_4;for(i=5;i>0;i--){delay(i);y2=~y2;}}while(flag==1)colour();}}//顯示子程序，實現(xiàn)用兩位數(shù)碼管顯示燈亮的時間voiddisplay(unsignedintdigital){unsignedintk;unsignedintge=digital%10,shi=digital/10;//將十位與個位分離for(k=0;k<30000;k++){a=1;b=0;P0=shu[ge];P0=0;a=0;b=1;P0=shu[shi];P0=0;}}//實現(xiàn)彩燈控制voidcolour(){P1=0xff;P3=0x00;P2=0xff;while(1){unsignedintj;for(j=0;j<41;j++)//循環(huán)程序演示四種花型{P2=led[j];delay(1);}delay(5);}}//中斷函數(shù)voidkey_scan()interrupt0//關鍵字"interrupt",這是C語言的中斷函數(shù)表示法，,單片機有6個中斷口，外部中斷0的優(yōu)先級最高，在程序里我們只用外部中斷0{flag++;if(flag==2)flag=0;}//延時程序voiddelay(unsignedinttime)//參數(shù)time大小決定延時時間長短{unsignedintj,k;time=time*5;for(j=0;j<time;j++)for(k=0;k<10000;k++);}源程序分析1、在電路設計時我用了共陰極八段數(shù)碼管來顯示時間：unsignedshu[10]={0xfc,0x60,0xda,0xf2,0x66,0xb6,0xbe,0xe0,0xfe,0xf6};數(shù)組中十個數(shù)分別表示0到9十個數(shù)；2、在設計彩燈時，我直接利用交通燈的主干道和支干道的六個燈設計彩燈：unsignedled[48]={0xdf,0xef,0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xff,0xdf,0xcf,0xc7,0xc3,0xc1,0xc0,0xc1,0xc3,0xc7,0xcf,0xdf,0xff,0xf3,0xe1,0xc0,0xe1,0xf3,0xff,0xde,0xcc,0xc0,0xcc,0xdf,0xff,0xdb,0xed,0xf6,0xed,0xdb,0xff,0xc0,0xff,0xc0,0xff,0xc0,0xff};數(shù)組中的48個數(shù)共演示了四種花型花型狀態(tài)編碼表如下:序號花型（一）花型（二）花型（三）花型（四）1011111011111110011011011210111100111110000110110131101110001110000001101104111011000011100001101101511110100000111001101101161111100000001111111111117111101000001011110000000811101100001100110011111191101110001110000000000001010111100111100110011111111011111011111011110000000121111111111111111111111111其中輸出為零的位為燈亮。3、voiddisplay(unsignedintdigital){unsignedintk;unsignedintge=digital%10,shi=digital/10;//將十位與個位分離for(k=0;k<30000;k++){a=1;b=0;P0=shu[ge];P0=0;a=0;b=1;P0=shu[shi];P0=0;}}顯示子程序中將時間的十位與個位分離，用a、b來選擇數(shù)碼管將個位與十位分時輸出。電路分析用單片機設計交通燈和彩燈時，用程序來控制，因此外圍電路比較簡單。只用一片C51芯片、一個限流電阻、兩個電容、一個晶振、發(fā)光