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第oracleplsql開(kāi)窗函數(shù)over學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)(5篇)

oracleplsql開(kāi)窗函數(shù)over學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)篇一

連續(xù)求和與求總和的區(qū)別D為天,S為銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)?yōu)槊刻煊?jì)算銷(xiāo)售總額。

SELECTSUM(s)OVER(ORDERBYd),SUM(s)OVER()

FROM(SELECT'A'“A”,1D,20SFROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'A'“A”,2D,15SFROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'A'“A”,3D,14SFROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'A'“A”,4D,18SFROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'A'“A”,5D,30SFROMDUAL);

各種求和舉例CREATETABLETEST_ZHU_P(DEPTNOVARCHAR2(10),ENAMEVARCHAR2(10),SALVARCHAR2(10));--部門(mén)姓名薪水

SELECTtest_zhu_p._,sum(sal)over(partitionbydeptnoorderbyename)部門(mén)連續(xù)求和,--各部門(mén)的薪水“連續(xù)”求和

sum(sal)over(partitionbydeptno)部門(mén)總和,--部門(mén)統(tǒng)計(jì)的總和,同一部門(mén)總和不變

100_round(sal/sum(sal)over(partitionbydeptno),4)“部門(mén)份額(%)”,sum(sal)over(orderbydeptnoDESC,ename)連續(xù)求和,--所有部門(mén)的薪水“連續(xù)”求和

sum(sal)over()總和--此處sum(sal)over()等同于sum(sal),所有員工的薪水總和

100_round(sal/sum(sal)over(),4)“總份額(%)”

FROMtest_ZHU_P

注意求和后可以排序不影響結(jié)果

SELECTDEPTNO,ENAME,SAL,SUM(SAL)OVER(PARTITIONBYDEPTNOORDERBYDEPTNODESC,SALDESC)部門(mén)連續(xù)求和,SUM(SAL)OVER(ORDERBYDEPTNODESC,SALDESC)公司連續(xù)求和

FROMTEST_ZHU_P

排序

1、在求第一名成績(jī)的時(shí)候,不能用row_number(),因?yàn)槿绻嘤袃蓚€(gè)并列第一,row_number()只返回一個(gè)結(jié)果

2.rank()和dense_rank()的區(qū)別是:

rank()是跳躍排序,有兩個(gè)第二名時(shí)接下來(lái)就是第四名dense_rank()l是連續(xù)排序,有兩個(gè)第二名時(shí)仍然跟著第三名

SELECTt._,RANK()OVER(PARTITIONBYCLASSORDERBYSDESC),dense_rank()OVER(PARTITIONBYCLASSORDERBYSDESC),ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITIONBYCLASSORDERBYSDESC)

FROM(SELECT'a'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,80“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'b'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,89“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'c'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,89“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'e'“NAME”,3“CLASS”,100“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'f'“NAME”,3“CLASS”,100“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'g'“NAME”,3“CLASS”,79“S”FROMDUAL)t

統(tǒng)計(jì)

和groupby的區(qū)別是可以看到每一行數(shù)據(jù)的所有信息

注意加NAME后的區(qū)別

SELECTt._,SUM(1)OVER(PARTITIONBYCLASSORDERBYCLASS/_NAME_/)

FROM(SELECT'a'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,80“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'b'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,89“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'c'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,89“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'e'“NAME”,1“CLASS”,100“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'f'“NAME”,3“CLASS”,100“S”FROMDUAL

UNIONALL

SELECT'g'“NAME”,3“CLASS”,79“S”FROMDUAL)t

開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

開(kāi)窗函數(shù)指定了分析函數(shù)工作的數(shù)據(jù)窗口大小,這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)窗口大小可能會(huì)隨著行的變化而變化,舉例如下:

1:

over(orderby___)按照___排序進(jìn)行累計(jì),orderby是個(gè)默認(rèn)的開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

over(partitionby___)按照部門(mén)分區(qū)

2:

over(orderbysalaryrangebetween5precedingand5following)

每行對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)窗口是之前行幅度值不超過(guò)5,之后行幅度值不超過(guò)5

例如:對(duì)于以下列

aa

6

7

9

sum(aa)over(orderbyaarangebetween2precedingand2following)

得出的結(jié)果是

AASUM

110

214

214

214

318

418

522

618

722

99

就是說(shuō),對(duì)于aa=5的一行,sum為5-1

對(duì)于aa=2來(lái)說(shuō),sum=1+2+2+2+3+4=14;

又如對(duì)于aa=9,9-1

3:其它:

over(orderbysalaryrowsbetween2precedingand4following)

每行對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)窗口是之前2行,之后4行

4:下面三條語(yǔ)句等效:

over(orderbysalaryrowsbetweenunboundedprecedingandunboundedfollowing)每行對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)窗口是從第一行到最后一行,等效:

over(orderbysalary

rangebetweenunboundedprecedingandunboundedfollowing)

等效over(partitionbynull)

任意刪除重復(fù)行

在這個(gè)表中如果class與score相同,就考慮這行數(shù)據(jù)多余,刪除多余行,就隨便保留一行。

NAMECLASSSCORE

------------------------------

1、ff197

2、gg189

3、ll196

4、jj289

5、oo287

6、ii198

7、kk293

8、uu397

9、rr395

11.yy290

14.pp198

15.fft197

18.kkt293

19.ffff197

SQL>deletefromc_scoretwhererowidin(selectrowidfrom(selectrowid,row_number()over(partitionbyclass,scoreorderbyclass)dup_numfromc_score)twheret.dup_num>1);

初中生如何學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)篇二

初中生如何學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)

【摘要】初中生活的學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)人步入成功之路的過(guò)程中很關(guān)鍵的一步,在初中所學(xué)知識(shí)的所有章節(jié)中,函數(shù)知識(shí)是最為抽象,最難理解的內(nèi)容,中學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)這些內(nèi)容是不但要有刻苦的鉆研精神,還要有正確的思考和學(xué)習(xí)方法,在理接課題內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上大膽的猜想,大量的練習(xí)時(shí)必不可少的。

【關(guān)鍵詞】數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)開(kāi)放式學(xué)習(xí)課題研究

初中數(shù)學(xué)是整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)段中最基礎(chǔ)、最根本的一個(gè)學(xué)段,初中數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)繁雜,知識(shí)面廣,它貫穿整個(gè)學(xué)段的全部,在初中數(shù)學(xué)的教育學(xué)的過(guò)程中,學(xué)生最為頭疼的問(wèn)題就是函函數(shù)的學(xué)習(xí),許多的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)是都感覺(jué)力不從行,那么如何學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)呢,我的認(rèn)識(shí)有如下幾點(diǎn)。

一、正確理解函數(shù)的概念,會(huì)利用解析式和圖像兩種方法理解函數(shù)。

學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)的時(shí)候一定要牢牢把握函數(shù)的概念,所謂函數(shù)就是兩個(gè)變量之間的關(guān)系,當(dāng)一個(gè)量發(fā)生變化時(shí)另一個(gè)量也隨之發(fā)生變化,一個(gè)量的變化引起了領(lǐng)一個(gè)量的變化。學(xué)生可以理解為“先變化的量叫做自變量,后變化的量叫做因變量”學(xué)生在理解時(shí)可以用“樹(shù)和影子”的關(guān)系來(lái)理解函數(shù)中兩個(gè)變量之間的關(guān)系。即樹(shù)的運(yùn)動(dòng),引起了影子的運(yùn)動(dòng)?!皹?shù)”相當(dāng)于自變量“影子”相當(dāng)于因變量。通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的生活實(shí)例,學(xué)生可以更好的理解函數(shù)的概念及變量之間的關(guān)系。函數(shù)中給自變量一個(gè)值,因變量只有唯一的值與其對(duì)應(yīng),學(xué)生理解時(shí),可以在自變量的取值范圍內(nèi)取一個(gè)值來(lái)看因變量的值,對(duì)于給定的圖像我們可以再橫軸上取一點(diǎn)做橫軸的垂線(xiàn),看垂線(xiàn)和圖像的交點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù)來(lái)判斷。

二、正確理解函數(shù)的性質(zhì),會(huì)利用函數(shù)的性質(zhì)解決一些實(shí)際問(wèn)題。

函數(shù)的性質(zhì)是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)的重要工具,學(xué)生只有在正確理解函數(shù)性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上再能才能解決函數(shù)的綜合性題目。所以說(shuō)正確理解函數(shù)的性質(zhì)是學(xué)習(xí)初中函數(shù)的關(guān)鍵,函數(shù)的三、正確理解函數(shù)中的數(shù)形結(jié)合,函數(shù)值與自變量的關(guān)系。

四、會(huì)利用函數(shù)的知識(shí)解方程(組)、不等式(組)。

五、會(huì)利用函數(shù)知識(shí)解決生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。

如運(yùn)費(fèi),交水費(fèi),電費(fèi)等等。

六、正確理解函數(shù)

Android的getSystemService函數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)篇三

函數(shù)getSystemService。

publicObjectgetSystemService(Stringname)

Parameters

nameThenameofthedesiredservice.

ReturnsTheserviceornullifthenamedoesnote_ist.

OpenDeclarationObjectandroid(Stringname)

Returnthehandletoasystem-levelservicebyname.Theclassofthereturnedobjectvariesbytherequestedname.Currentlyavailablenamesare:

Note:SystemservicesobtainedviathisAPImaybecloselyassociatedwiththeConte_tinwhichtheyareobtainedfrom.Ingeneral,donotsharetheserviceobjectsbetweenvariousdifferentconte_ts(Activities,Applications,Services,Providers,etc.)

譯文:通過(guò)這個(gè)接口獲取到的Systemservices(系統(tǒng)服務(wù))會(huì)和他們相應(yīng)的Conte_t(上下文)有緊密聯(lián)系。通常,不要在不同的上下文中(Activities,Applications,Services,Providers,etc.)共享同一個(gè)Systemservices對(duì)象。

---------》WINDOW_SERVICE(“window”)

Thetop-levelwindowmanagerinwhichyoucanplacecustomwindows.ThereturnedobjectisaWindowManager.使用方法,例如:

DisplayMetricsmetrics=newDisplayMetrics();

WindowManagerwm=(WindowManager)getConte_t()。getSystemService(

Conte_t.WINDOW_SERVICE);

Displayd=();

d.getMetrics(metrics);

addResult(SCREEN_WIDTH,metrics.widthPi_els);

addResult(SCREEN_HEIGHT,metrics.heightPi_els);

addResult(SCREEN_DENSITY,metrics.density);

addResult(SCREEN___DENSITY,metrics._dpi);

addResult(SCREEN_Y_DENSITY,metrics.ydpi);

注意addResult是自定義函數(shù)。

其中DisplayMetrics還可以這樣使用,DisplayMetricsmetrics=newDisplayMetrics();

getWindowManager()。getDefaultDisplay()。getMetrics(metrics);

重點(diǎn)需要關(guān)注WindowManager的getDefaultDisplay用法。

---------》LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE(“l(fā)ayout_inflater”)

ALayoutInflaterforinflatinglayoutresourcesinthisconte_t.

例如:

finalLayoutInflatermInflater;

mInflater=(LayoutInflater)(Conte_t.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

publicViewgetView(intposition,ViewconvertView,ViewGroupparent){

Viewview;

if(convertView==null){

view=mInflater.inflate(

android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,parent,false);

}else{

view=convertView;

}

bindView(view,(position));

returnview;

}

注意其中的inflate方法。

---------》ACTIVITY_SERVICE(“activity”)

AActivityManagerforinteractingwiththeglobalactivitystateofthesystem.

使用方法,例如:

publicAppListAdapter(Conte_tconte_t){

mConte_t=conte_t;

ActivityManageram=(ActivityManager)getSystemService(Conte_t.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);

ListappList=();

for(ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfoapp:appList){

if(mList==null){

mList=newArrayList();

}

mList.add(newListItem(app));

}

if(mList!=null){

Collections.sort(mList,sDisplayNameComparator);

}

}

注意getRunningAppProcesses()方法。

---------》POWER_SERVICE(“power”)

APowerManagerforcontrollingpowermanagement.

例如:

PowerManagerpm=(PowerManager)(Conte_t.POWER_SERVICE);

(SystemClock.uptimeMillis());

注意goToSleep()方法。

再如:

privateWakeLockmWakeLock=null;

mWakeLock=(PowerManager.FULL_WAKE_LOCK,“ConnectivityTest”);

mWakeLock.acquire();

();)

---------》ALARM_SERVICE(“alarm”)

AAlarmManagerforreceivingintentsatthetimeofyourchoosing.

例如:

設(shè)置鬧鐘

privatevoidscheduleAlarm(longdelayMs,StringeventType){

AlarmManageram=(AlarmManager)getSystemService(Conte_t.ALARM_SERVICE);

i.putE_tra(TEST_ALARM_E_TRA,eventType);

i.putE_tra(TEST_ALARM_ON_E_TRA,(mSCOnDuration));

i.putE_tra(TEST_ALARM_OFF_E_TRA,(mSCOffDuration));

i.putE_tra(TEST_ALARM_CYCLE_E_TRA,(mSCCycleCount));

PendingIntentp=(this,0,i,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

am.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP,SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()+delayMs,p);}

---------》NOTIFICATION_SERVICE(“notification”)

ANotificationManagerforinformingtheuserofbackgroundevents.

用于顯示通知欄,例如如下經(jīng)典函數(shù):

protectedvoidshowNotification(){

//lookupthenotificationmanagerservice

//創(chuàng)建NotificationManager

NotificationManagernm=(NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

//Thedetailsofourfakemessage

//顯示的信息,title和content

CharSequencefrom=“Joe”;

CharSequencemessage=“kth_.meetufordinner.cul8r”;

//ThePendingIntenttolaunchouractivityiftheuserselectsthisnotification

//點(diǎn)擊事件的相應(yīng)窗口

PendingIntentcontentIntent=(this,0,newIntent(this,IncomingMessageView.class),0);

//Thetickerte_t,thisusesaformattedstringsoourmessagecouldbelocalized

StringtickerTe_t=getString(R.string.imcoming_message_ticker_te_t,message);

//constructtheNotificationobject.

Notificationnotif=newNotification(R.drawable.stat_sample,tickerTe_t,System.currentTimeMillis());

//Settheinfofortheviewsthatshowinthenotificationpanel.

notif.setLatestEventInfo(this,from,message,contentIntent);

//aftera100msdelay,vibratefor250ms,pausefor100msand

//thenvibratefor500ms.

notif.vibrate=newlong[]{100,250,100,500};

//NotethatweuseR.layout.incoming_message_panelastheIDfor

//thenotification.Itcouldbeanyintegeryouwant,butweuse

//theconventionofusingaresourceidforastringrelatedto

//application.

(R.string.imcoming_message_ticker_te_t,notif);

}

---------》KEYGUARD_SERVICE(“keyguard”)

AKeyguardManagerforcontrollingkeyguard.

鍵盤(pán)鎖,例如:

KeyguardManagerkeyguardManager=

(KeyguardManager)(Conte_t.KEYGUARD_SERVICE);

if(keyguardManager.inKeyguardRestrictedInputMode()){

returnfalse;

}

---------》LOCATION_SERVICE(“l(fā)ocation”)

ALocationManagerforcontrollinglocation(e.g.,GPS)updates.

得到位置信息,例如:

LocationManagerlocationManager=(LocationManager)(Conte_t.LOCATION_SERVICE);Locationlocation=null;

Listproviders=();

for(inti=0;i

Stringprovider=(i);

location=(provider!=null)?(provider):null;

if(location!=null)

break;

}

---------》SEARCH_SERVICE(“search”)

ASearchManagerforhandlingsearch.

創(chuàng)建搜索服務(wù),例如:

SearchManagersearchManager=

(SearchManager)(Conte_t.SEARCH_SERVICE);

ComponentNamename=();

if(name==null)returnnull;

SearchableInfosearchable=(name);

if(searchable==null)returnnull;

---------》VIBRATOR_SERVICE(“vibrator”)

AVibratorforinteractingwiththevibratorhardware.

提供震動(dòng)服務(wù),例如:

privatestaticfinalSparseArraysVibrationPatterns=newSparseArray();

static{

sVibrationPatterns.put(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED,newlong[]{

0L,100L

sVibrationPatterns.put(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_LONG_CLICKED,newlong[]{

0L,100L

});

sVibrationPatterns.put(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_SELECTED,newlong[]{

0L,15L,10L,15L

});

sVibrationPatterns.put(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_FOCUSED,newlong[]{

0L,15L,10L,15L

});

sVibrationPatterns.put(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED,newlong[]{0L,25L,50L,25L,50L,25L

});

sVibrationPatterns.put(INDE__SCREEN_ON,newlong[]{

0L,10L,10L,20L,20L,30L

});

sVibrationPatterns.put(INDE__SCREEN_OFF,newlong[]{

0L,30L,20L,20L,10L,10L

});

}

privateVibratormVibrator;

mVibrator=(Vibrator)getSystemService(Service.VIBRATOR_SERVICE);

HandlermHandler=newHandler(){

@Override

publicvoidhandleMessage(Messagemessage){

switch(message.what){

caseMESSAGE_VIBRATE:

intkey=message.arg1;

long[]pattern=(key);

mVibrator.vibrate(pattern,-1);

return;

caseMESSAGE_STOP_VIBRATE:

mVibrator.cancel();

return;

}

}

};

---------》CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE(“connection”)

AConnectivityManagerforhandlingmanagementofnetworkconnections.

得到網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的信息,例如:

privatebooleanisNetworkConnected(){

NetworkInfonetworkInfo=getActiveNetworkInfo();

returnnetworkInfo!=null&&networkInfo.isConnected();

}

privateNetworkInfogetActiveNetworkInfo(){

ConnectivityManagerconnectivity=

(ConnectivityManager)getConte_t()。getSystemService_SERVICE);if(connectivity==null){

returnnull;

}

return();

}

---------》WIFI_SERVICE(“wifi”)

AWifiManagerformanagementofWi-Ficonnectivity.

例如:

進(jìn)行wifi的打開(kāi),關(guān)閉,狀態(tài)判斷等。

privateWifiManagermWm;

mWm=(WifiManager)getSystemService(Conte_t.WIFI_SERVICE);

創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)View單擊事件的監(jiān)聽(tīng)器,監(jiān)聽(tīng)器實(shí)現(xiàn)onClick()方法:

privatemEnableWifiClicked=new(){

publicvoidonClick(Viewv){

mWm.setWifiEnabled(true);

}

};

privatemDisableWifiClicked=new(){

publicvoidonClick(Viewv){

mWm.setWifiEnabled(false);

}

};

---------》INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE(“input_method”)

AnInputMethodManagerformanagementofinputmethods.

得到鍵盤(pán)或設(shè)置鍵盤(pán)相關(guān)信息,例如:

privatevoidhideSoftKeyboard(){

//Hidesoftkeyboard,ifvisible

InputMethodManagerinputMethodManager=(InputMethodManager)

getSystemService(Conte_t.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);

inputMethodManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(),0);

}

---------》UI_MODE_SERVICE(“uimode”)

AnUiModeManagerforcontrollingUImodes.

UI信息相關(guān),例如:

intmUiMode=Configuration.UI_MODE_TYPE_NORMAL;

try{

IUiModeManageruiModeService=IUiModeManager.Stub.asInterface(

(Conte_t.UI_MODE_SERVICE));

mUiMode=();

}catch(RemoteE_ceptione){

---------》DOWNLOAD_SERVICE(“download”)

ADownloadManagerforrequestingHTTPdownloads

下載相關(guān)的接口,例如:

privatevoiddownloadUpdate(Conte_tconte_t,StringdownloadUrl,StringfileName){

LogUtil.i(TAG,“downloadUpdatedownloadUrl=”+downloadUrl);

UridownloadUri=Uri.parse(downloadUrl);

DownloadManagerdm=(DownloadManager)(Conte_t.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);RequestdownloadRequest=newRequest(downloadUri);

//downloadRequest.setDescription(R.string.upd_auto_check_prompt));

downloadRequest.setVisibleInDownloadsUi(true);//TODO:changetofalsewhenrelease!

//downloadRequest.setAllowedNetworkTypes_WIFI);

downloadRequest.setDestinationInE_ternalPublicDir(“DoctorAn”,fileName);

downloadRequest.setTitle(R.string.upd_downloading));

longdownloadId=(downloadRequest);

Maptemp=newHashMap();

temp.put(“fileName”,fileName);

((MPApplication)())。getDownloadMap()。put(downloadId,temp);}

函數(shù)總結(jié)篇四

常用函數(shù)

sum(數(shù)值1,數(shù)值2……)求和

average(數(shù)值1,數(shù)值2……)求平均值

ma_(數(shù)值1,數(shù)值2……)求最大值

min(數(shù)值1,數(shù)值2……)求最小值

count(數(shù)值1,數(shù)值2……)計(jì)數(shù)

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