rhi回轉(zhuǎn)窯用堿性磚

Basicbricksforrotarykilns

回轉(zhuǎn)窯用堿性磚Cement水泥ICTM.?R.Krischanitz

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March

08Contents目錄

Rawmaterials原料

Magnesia氧化鎂

Properties特性SourcesandProduction來源及生產(chǎn)

Typesofmagnesia氧化鎂的種類

Qualitycriterias質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Spinels尖晶石礦物Spineltypes尖晶石的種類

Flexibilizingeffect彈性效果

Wedgesplittingtest楔形劈裂試驗(yàn)

Productsandproperties火磚及其特性2PresentationTitleMagnesia氧化鎂

3PresentationTitlePropertiesofMgO氧化鎂MgO的特性highmeltingpointof2,800°C熔點(diǎn)高達(dá)2,800°C

(refractorinessdependsoftypeandquantityofsecondaryoxides)

(耐火度取決于氧化鎂的類型以及二次氧化物數(shù)量)

goodresistancetobasicslagandotherhot-chemicalattacks對(duì)堿性爐渣以及其他熱化學(xué)侵蝕具有良好的抵抗性highthermalconductivity導(dǎo)熱率高h(yuǎn)ighthermalexpansion熱膨脹率高poorthermalshockresistance抗熱震能力不足Improvement改善措施additionofa2ndlessexpansivecomponent“controlledinhomogeneousmicrostructure”添加另一種膨脹率小的組分,(形成）“可控的不均勻微觀結(jié)構(gòu)”Spinel尖晶石4PresentationTitleProductionofMgOfrommagnesite

用菱鎂礦生產(chǎn)氧化鎂miningofmagnesite

開采菱鎂礦Crushing破碎/sorting選礦Calcining煅燒+sintering燒結(jié)rotarykiln回轉(zhuǎn)窯

orshaftkiln立窯MgCO3

MgO+CO2magneticseparation磁選sinteredmagnesia燒結(jié)氧化鎂1600–1900°C5PresentationTitleProductionofsinteredmagnesiafromseawater

燒結(jié)海水氧化鎂的生產(chǎn)MgCl2+Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2+CaCl2Mg(OH)2 MgO+

H2O (Kauster)D~2g/cm3

Sintering燒結(jié)(1700–2000°C)D~3,4g/cm3orfusing電熔(2800°C)D~3,5g/cm31000°CBriquetting

濾塊6PresentationTitleRawmaterialmagnesia

氧化鎂原料

natural天然氧化鎂

synthetic合成氧化鎂:89-97% MgO

97,7-99,3%6-0,2% Fe2O3 0,5-0,1%1,5-0,1% Al2O3 <0,1%0,5-1,9% CaO

0,5-1,9%0,5-2,5% SiO2 <0,1-0,2%3,05-3,40g/cm3 bulkdensity容重

3,40-3,45g/cm37PresentationTitleQualitycriteria

質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

ChemicalComposition化學(xué)成分

AmountofSecondaryPhases

SiO2,CaO,Fe2O3,Al2O3,MnO

二次相SiO2,CaO,Fe2O3,Al2O3,MnO

的量CaO/SiO2ratio

鈣/硅比Boroncontent

硼含量

PericlaseCrystalSize

方鎂石晶體尺寸BulkDensity/ApparentPorosity

容重/顯氣孔率8PresentationTitlePericlasecrystalsize

方鎂石晶體尺寸StandardSinteredmagnesia

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燒結(jié)氧化鎂RD>3,38g/cm3Crystalsize:60–120μmFusedMagnesia電熔氧化鎂RD>3,38g/cm3Crystalsize:>500μm晶體尺寸：>500μmLargeCrystalSinteredMagnesia大晶體燒結(jié)氧化鎂RD>3,38g/cm3Crystalsize:+150μm9PresentationTitleSecondaryphasesofMgO

氧化鎂的二次相10PresentationTitleCaO/SiO2ratio

鈣硅(重量)比CaO/SiO2ratio鈣硅(重量)比Name名稱Formula分子式Short

NotationSm<11(0,94)1-1,51,5(1,4)1,5–22(1,87)>2PeriklasMgOM2840xxxxxxxMagnesiaferritMgFe2O4MF1715xxxxxxxSpinellMgAl2O4MA2135(x)(x)(x)(x)(x)(x)-ForsteritMg2SiO4M2S1890x------MonticellitCaMgSiO4CMS1492xxx----MerwinitCa3Mg[SiO4]2C3MS21575--xxx--DicalciumsilikatCa2SiO4C2S2130----xxxDicalciumferritCa2Fe2O5C2F1449------xBrownmilleritCa2FeAlO5C4AF1415------xCalciumaluminatCa3[AlO3]2C3A1535------(x)11PresentationTitleSpinels

asflexibilizers

尖晶石作為彈性改良劑12PresentationTitleTypesofspinels

尖晶石的種類AluminaSpinel氧化鋁尖晶石Ferritespinel鐵酸鹽尖晶石Chromiumspinel鉻尖晶石SpinelMgAl2O4鎂鋁尖晶石MagnesiaferriteMgFe2O4鎂鐵礦MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4鎂鉻礦HercyniteFeAl2O4鐵鋁尖晶石MagnetiteFeFe2O4磁鐵礦ChromiteFeCr2O4鉻鐵礦GalaxiteMnAl2O4錳鋁尖晶石JakobsiteMnFe2O4錳鐵礦GahniteZnAl2O4鋅鋁尖晶石TrevoriteNiFe2O4A2+B23+O4A2+-IonsintetraedricalgapsA2+離子位于四面體間隙中CubicthightestpackingofO2—IonsO2-

離子立方緊密堆積B3+-IonsinoctaedricalgapsB3+離子位于八面體間隙中13PresentationTitleChromite

鉻鐵礦Chromite

鉻鐵礦

A2+B23+O4 A:Fe,Mg B:Cr,Fe,AlTypicalcompositionofchromiteforuseinrefractoryindustry:在耐火材料工業(yè)中使用的典型的鉻鐵礦成分SouthAfrica南非Turkey/Pakistan土耳其Cuba古巴Cr2O344,65532,2Fe2O328,216,414,8Al2O314,710,026,2SiO20,62,45,6314PresentationTitleMAspinel

鎂鋁尖晶石Spinel鎂鋁尖晶石

MgAl2O4In-situ:原位結(jié)合

additionoffusedalumina

orcalcinedalumina添加電熔氧化鋁或燒結(jié)氧化鋁 Pre-reacted:預(yù)制尖晶石sinteredspinelorfusedspinel燒結(jié)尖晶石或電熔尖晶石formationofMA-spinelduringfiring在燒成過程中形成鎂鋁尖晶石15PresentationTitleHercynite,Galaxite–“ActiveSpinels”

鐵鋁尖晶石,錳鋁尖晶石-“活性尖晶石”Hercynite FeAl2O4

鐵鋁尖晶石

Galaxite MnAl2O4

錳鋁尖晶石

TypeHercynite鐵鋁尖晶石Galaxite錳鋁尖晶石BD密度4,24,2SiO20,110,13CaO0,180,15Fe2O347,051,23Mn2O349,23Al2O349,4746,34MgO1,851,56ProductionofhercyniteandgalaxiteviaelectrofusioninplantRadenthein在奧鎂Radenthein工廠，使用電熔方法生產(chǎn)鐵鋁尖晶石和錳鋁尖晶石16PresentationTitleMechanismofconventionalspinels

傳統(tǒng)尖晶石的機(jī)理ForMAspinelbricks,theexpansionresultsfromthelowerthermalshrinkageofthespinelcomponentrelativetothemagnesiamatrixduringcooling(ThermalMisfit).Byacousticemissionmeasurements,microcrackformationcanbeobservedinatemperaturerangeofapp.900-200°C.對(duì)于鎂鋁尖晶石磚，由于鎂鋁尖晶石和氧化鎂膨脹率的不同，在冷卻期間，鎂鋁尖晶石相對(duì)于氧化鎂基質(zhì)較低的收縮率，會(huì)形成(熱錯(cuò)位).通過聲學(xué)檢查，在溫度為900-200°C范圍，可觀察到微裂紋的形成。crackinitiationandcrackopeningduetothermalmisfit由于熱錯(cuò)位，產(chǎn)生裂紋和裂縫firingcurve燒成曲線17PresentationTitleActivespinel

活性尖晶石?activespinel“

developsadditionalflexibilityduringpracticalservicethroughdiffusionofFe2+andMg2+ions,evenwhenporesarefilledwithalkalinecompounds.“活性尖晶石”

通過Fe2+

離子和Mg2+

離子的擴(kuò)散，在實(shí)際使用過程中可以產(chǎn)生額外的彈性，即使堿化合物充滿了(火磚的)孔隙。AlternativespineltechnologypatentedbyRHI

Refractories替代尖晶石技術(shù)是RHI奧鎂公司的專利activespinel活性尖晶石Magnesia氧化鎂diffusionzone擴(kuò)散區(qū)域MgOFeAl2O418PresentationTitleWedgesplittingtest

楔形劈裂試驗(yàn)19PresentationTitleForcevs.displacement

力對(duì)位移曲線圖structuralflexible結(jié)構(gòu)彈性好Highforceuntilcrackinitiation

Highstoredelasticenergy

SpontaneouscrackpropagationSlowcrackpropagationthroughthewholesample—desirableBrittle脆位移力20PresentationTitleExcellentfracturemechanicalbehaviour

出色的斷裂機(jī)械性能Conv.Magnesia-Spinel-Brick傳統(tǒng)的鎂鋁尖晶石磚Magnesia-Herzynit-Brick鎂鐵尖晶石磚Magnesia-Galaxite-Brick鎂錳尖晶石磚位移力21PresentationTitleRawmaterials–combinations–bricktypes

原料-組合–火磚類型ComponentA組分A

Resistor耐火主材料ComponentB組分B

Flexibilizer

彈性改良劑80–95%5-20%MgOSynthetic合成原料Natural天然原料Chromite

鉻鐵礦Spinel尖晶石Zirconia氧化鋯INSITU直接結(jié)合Duringburningprocess在燒制過程中:Corundum剛玉Tabularalumina片狀氧化鋁Calcinedalumina燒結(jié)氧化鋁Prefabricated預(yù)制Electrofusedorsintered電熔或燒結(jié)CaO*ZrO2ZrO2MA鎂鋁尖晶石Hercynite鐵鋁尖晶石Galaxite錳鋁尖晶石22PresentationTitleTypicalmicrostructureofrotarykilnbricks

回轉(zhuǎn)窯耐火磚典型的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)Reflectedlightmicroscopy20x(

)and100x(

)magnification.反光顯微照片20倍(上圖)及100倍(右圖)Sinteredmagnesia(1).Hercynite(2).Preparationresinfilledpores(3).燒結(jié)氧化鎂(1)，鐵鋁尖晶石(2)，制備樣品的樹脂(3)填充在孔隙中23PresentationTitleProductoverviewplantDalian

奧鎂大連工廠產(chǎn)品24PresentationTitleBrickpropertiesoverview

耐火磚特性概況Standardsinteredmagnesia以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燒結(jié)氧化鎂為原料制造的火磚Quality

品種Chromite

鉻鐵礦MA-spinel鎂鋁尖晶石Hercynite鐵鋁尖晶石ANKRALSCANKRALRCANKRALRNHMANKRALZCCharacteristics特點(diǎn)

highselfcoatingreadiness

結(jié)窯皮能力強(qiáng)lowthermalconductivity

導(dǎo)熱率低highflexibility

彈性好limitedcorrosionresistance

抗化學(xué)侵蝕能力有限sensitivetoreducingconditions

對(duì)還原氣氛敏感l(wèi)imitedrefractoriness

耐火度有限highcorrosionresistance

抗化學(xué)侵蝕能力強(qiáng)highflexibility

彈性好

highrefractoriness

耐火度高h(yuǎn)ighthermalconductivity

導(dǎo)熱率高insensitivetoreducing

operationconditions

對(duì)還原操作條件不敏感highcorrosionresistance

抗化學(xué)侵蝕能力強(qiáng)

highflexibility

彈性好

highrefractoriness

耐火度高lowerthermalconductivity

導(dǎo)熱率低highselfcoatingreadiness

結(jié)窯皮能力強(qiáng)insensitivetoreducing

operationconditions

對(duì)還原操作條件不敏感Application應(yīng)用CBZ

withstablecoatingwithlowchemicalandthermalload,stableoperationconditions低化學(xué)和熱負(fù)荷，具有穩(wěn)定窯皮的主燒成帶，窯內(nèi)工況要穩(wěn)定。Liningareaswithoutstablecoatingincreasedchemicalandthermalload,reducingoperationconditions襯砌在窯皮不穩(wěn)定，化學(xué)和熱負(fù)荷高，還原氣氛區(qū)域Severeoperationconditions:

Liningareaswithoutstablecoating,highchemicalandthermalload,highmechanicalload,reducingoperationconditions襯砌在窯皮不穩(wěn)定，化學(xué)和熱負(fù)荷高,機(jī)械負(fù)荷高,還原氣氛區(qū)域25PresentationTitleBrickpropertiesoverview

耐火磚特性概況Highqualitysinteredmagnesia以高品質(zhì)燒結(jié)氧化鎂為原料制造的火磚Quality品種MA-spinel鎂鋁尖晶石Hercynite鐵鋁尖晶石ANKRALR1ANKRALR2ANKRALZ1Characteristics

特點(diǎn)

highestcorrosionresistance

抗化學(xué)侵蝕能力強(qiáng)highflexibility

彈性好

highrefractoriness

耐火度高h(yuǎn)ighthermalconductivity

導(dǎo)熱率高insensitivetoreducing

operationconditions

對(duì)還原操作條件不敏感

highselfcoatingreadiness

結(jié)窯皮能力強(qiáng)highestcorrosionresistance

抗化學(xué)侵蝕能力強(qiáng)

highflexibility

彈性好highrefractoriness

耐火度高h(yuǎn)ighthermalconductivity

導(dǎo)熱率高insensitivetoreducing

operationconditions

對(duì)還原操作條件不敏感

Coatingrepellentbehaviour

具有排斥窯皮的特性

highestcorrosionresistance

抗化學(xué)侵蝕能力強(qiáng)

highflexibility

彈性好

highrefractoriness

耐火度高lowerthermalconductivity

導(dǎo)熱率低

highselfcoatingreadiness

結(jié)窯皮能力強(qiáng)Application

應(yīng)用Mostsevereoperationconditions:

最惡劣的工況條件：Liningareaswithoutstablecoating,increasedchemicalandthermalload,reducingoperationconditions,