2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末考試模擬英語(yǔ)試題(（解析版）)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末模擬英語(yǔ)試題第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAroadtripisnotjustabouttakinginthescenerythroughthecarwindscreen.Instead,thechangesinlocationletyouincreasethescopeofyourholiday.Herearefourrecommendedroutes.CCR200ItisanewcoastalroadtripshowingoffthehiddensideoftheLakeDistrict.Theroutetakesinvariousnaturereservesaswellasotherattractionslikebeachesandcastles.Theroadtripisaimedatcampersofallkindsandhasbeendividedintofivesectionsthatcaneachbedoneinaday.TheExplorer’sRoadTheRoadextendsalmosttheentirelengthofeasternEngland,featuringsomeofthecountry’shiddentreasuresandfinestattractions.Alongthewayyoucanexplorestunningbeaches,spectacularcountrysideandhistoriclandmarks,withplentyofcampsitesliningtheroute.SouthWestCoastal300TheSouthWestCoastal300isaroundthesouthwestofScotland.It’safantasticwaytodiscoveroneoftheUK’shiddentreasures.Inland,therearedemandinghillsthatprovideasteeponetowalkersandclimbers,nottomentionhundredsofsquaremilesofforestryandrollingcountrysidewherecyclingenthusiastscanclockupthemiles.AtlanticHighwayTherouteroughlyfollowsthelineoftheAtlanticcoast.Therearepicturesquevillageviewsandyoucertainlywon’tbeshortofthingstoseeordo.Andthereisnoshortageofstopovers.Theonlydownsideisthattheroadsroundhereareextremelybusyoccasionally,soifyouwantamorestress-freetrip,tryheadingdownoutofsummer.1.Whichroadtripbestsuitsthosewhoenjoychallenges?A.CCR200 B.TheExplorer’sRoad.C.SouthWestCoastal300. D.AtlanticHighway.2.WhatisonesharedfeatureofCCR200andTheExplorer’sRoad?A.Lesser-knownaspects. B.Popularbeachesandcastles.C.Landmarkswithalonghistory. D.Newly-developednaturereserves.3.WhatisthedisadvantageofAtlanticHighway?A.Itclosesinsummer. B.Itsviewsarelimited.C.Itchargesforstopovers. D.Itiscrowdedsometimes.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四條推薦的公路路線以及各自的特點(diǎn)。〖答案〗1.C2.A3.D1．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SouthWestCoastal300部分中“It’safantasticwaytodiscoveroneoftheUK’shiddentreasures.Inland,therearedemandinghillsthatprovideasteeponetowalkersandclimbers,nottomentionhundredsofsquaremilesofforestryandrollingcountrysidewherecyclingenthusiastscanclockupthemiles.(這是發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)隱藏寶藏的絕佳方式。在內(nèi)陸，有要求很高的山丘，為步行者和登山者提供了陡峭的山坡，更不用說(shuō)數(shù)百平方英里的森林和綿延起伏的鄉(xiāng)村，自行車愛(ài)好者可以在那里騎行)”可知，SouthWestCoastal300最適合那些喜歡挑戰(zhàn)的人。故選C。2．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CCR200部分中“ItisanewcoastalroadtripshowingoffthehiddensideoftheLakeDistrict.(這是一個(gè)新的沿海公路之旅，展示了湖區(qū)隱秘的一面)”以及TheExplorer’sRoad部分中“TheRoadextendsalmosttheentirelengthofeasternEngland,featuringsomeofthecountry’shiddentreasuresandfinestattractions.(這條路幾乎延伸了整個(gè)英格蘭東部，以該國(guó)一些隱藏的寶藏和最好的景點(diǎn)為特色)”可知，CCR200和TheExplorer’sRoad的共同之處是都有鮮為人知的方面。故選A。3．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theonlydownsideisthattheroadsroundhereareextremelybusyoccasionally,soifyouwantamorestress-freetrip,tryheadingdownoutofsummer.(唯一的缺點(diǎn)是這里的道路偶爾會(huì)非常繁忙，所以如果你想要一個(gè)更無(wú)壓力的旅行，試著在夏天去)”可知，大西洋高速公路的缺點(diǎn)是有時(shí)很擁擠。故選D。BIamawriterwhowillgotogreatlengthstoavoidfacingtheblankpage.I’llrollupmysleevestobeginadraftandsuddenlyrememberthatthekitchenneedstobecleaned,orI’llbecomesuddenlyabsorbedinmessagesthathasnothingtodowithmycurrentproject.Nowistheprefecttimeforadeepdiveintothedisturbingmicrowavecookbooks,mybraininformsme.BythetimeI’monmythirdmicrowavedlobsterrecipe,I’vegotexhaustedenoughtofacethewords.Ishutthebookwithanxietyandrestartmystaringcontestwiththeblankpage.Afterafewmoments,thewordscomeeventually.ButeverytimeIexitmydraft,Ilearnsomethingnewaboutmyself,mysubjects,orthelanguage.Ifeelcalmer,lessanxious,moreateaseinmyownmind.I’vebeenwritingfordecades.I’mnostrangertothereleasewritingbrings.Istartedwondering:WhydidIstillneedtoworkupmycouragebeforeIcouldbegin?IgenuinelybelievedthatthisresistancewouldgraduallyfadeawaythemoreIwrote.Itriedwrite-every-daychallenges.Icreatedoutlines,tooknotes,andtriedpre-writing.Ithinktheyallhelped,butitneverdisappeared.Iwasafoolforexpectingitto.Becauseeventually,Irealizedmyresistanceisn’tsomethingtogetoverbeforeIcouldstartmycreativeprocess.Itismycreativeprocess.Thefirststepistocirclethepagecarefully,keepinganeyeoutforanyentry-points.Writingismanythings,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.IshouldstopfeelingshameforhowlongittakesmetoapproachmydraftsandshouldstartappreciatingthatImadeittothedraft.StoptryingtoconquermyfearandinsteadcelebratethatIstillwritedespiteit.4.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Toshowtheauthorisdistractedwhenwriting.B.Tolisthowtheauthorpreparesforagoodmeal.C.Toprovethattheauthoristalentedforcooking.D.Toexplainwritingisadifficultprocesstotheauthor.5.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenheexitshisdraft?A.Exhausted. B.Relieved. C.Anxious. D.Passionate.6.Whatdoestheauthorlearnaboutresistance?A.Itcanbeavoidedwithone’sefforts. B.Itshouldnotberegardedasbarriers.C.Itdoesn’thelptoone’screativewriting. D.Itisacommonproblemforeverywriter.7.Whatisthetoneofthetext?A.Serious. B.Persuasive. C.Humorous. D.Critical.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要說(shuō)明了作者是一個(gè)作家，但總是在寫作時(shí)心不在焉。而當(dāng)停止寫作時(shí)，作者感到更輕松，作者領(lǐng)悟到對(duì)寫作的抗拒不應(yīng)該被視為障礙，也不應(yīng)該感到羞恥?！即鸢浮?.A5.B6.B7.C4．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iamawriterwhowillgotogreatlengthstoavoidfacingtheblankpage.I’llrollupmysleevestobeginadraftandsuddenlyrememberthatthekitchenneedstobecleaned,orI’llbecomesuddenlyabsorbedinmessagesthathasnothingtodowithmycurrentproject.Nowistheperfecttimeforadeepdiveintothedisturbingmicrowavecookbooks,mybraininformsme.(我是一個(gè)作家，我將竭盡全力避免面對(duì)空白頁(yè)。我會(huì)卷起袖子開(kāi)始起草一份草稿，然后突然想起廚房需要打掃，或者我會(huì)突然被與我當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目無(wú)關(guān)的信息所吸引。我的大腦告訴我，現(xiàn)在是深入研究那些令人不安的微波爐烹飪書的最佳時(shí)機(jī))”可推知，第1段的目的是表明作者在寫作時(shí)心不在焉。故選A。5．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ButeverytimeIexitmydraft,Ilearnsomethingnewaboutmyself,mysubjects,orthelanguage.Ifeelcalmer,lessanxious,moreateaseinmyownmind.(但每次我退出我的草案，我學(xué)到一些關(guān)于我自己，我的科目，或語(yǔ)言的新東西。我感到更平靜了，少了焦慮，心里更自在了)”可知，當(dāng)作者退出他的草稿時(shí)，他感覺(jué)松了一口氣。故選B。6．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“IgenuinelybelievedthatthisresistancewouldgraduallyfadeawaythemoreIwrote.Itriedwrite-every-daychallenges.Icreatedoutlines,tooknotes,andtriedpre-writing.Ithinktheyallhelped,butitneverdisappeared.Iwasafoolforexpectingitto.(我真誠(chéng)地相信，我寫得越多，這種抗拒就會(huì)逐漸消失。我試著每天寫挑戰(zhàn)。我畫了提綱，做了筆記，并試著預(yù)寫。我認(rèn)為他們都提供了幫助，但從未消失。我真是個(gè)傻瓜)”以及最后一段“Becauseeventually,Irealizedmyresistanceisn’tsomethingtogetoverbeforeIcouldstartmycreativeprocess.Itismycreativeprocess.(因?yàn)樽罱K，我意識(shí)到在我開(kāi)始我的創(chuàng)作過(guò)程之前，我的抗拒是無(wú)法克服的。這是我的創(chuàng)作過(guò)程)”可推知，作者明白了抗拒不應(yīng)該被視為障礙。故選B。7．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iamawriterwhowillgotogreatlengthstoavoidfacingtheblankpage.I’llrollupmysleevestobeginadraftandsuddenlyrememberthatthekitchenneedstobecleaned,orI’llbecomesuddenlyabsorbedinmessagesthathasnothingtodowithmycurrentproject.Nowistheperfecttimeforadeepdiveintothedisturbingmicrowavecookbooks,mybraininformsme.(我是一個(gè)作家，我將竭盡全力避免面對(duì)空白頁(yè)。我會(huì)卷起袖子開(kāi)始起草一份草稿，然后突然想起廚房需要打掃，或者我會(huì)突然被與我當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目無(wú)關(guān)的信息所吸引。我的大腦告訴我，現(xiàn)在是深入研究那些令人不安的微波爐烹飪書的最佳時(shí)機(jī))”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Iwasafoolforexpectingitto.(我真傻，竟然指望它會(huì)消失)”可推知，文章的語(yǔ)氣很幽默。故選C。CWhenyouloveworkingout,takingabreakfromexercisecanseemawasteoftime–therearetrainingplanstofollowandgoalstobemet.So,what’stheproblem?Accordingtonewresearch,excessivetrainingcanbedamagingtomentalwell-being.“Thebenefitsofregularphysicalactivityarewell-established,butit’spossibletohavetoomuchofagoodthing,”saysHayleyJarvis,headofphysicalactivityatMind.

Buthowdoyouknowifyou’redoingtoomuch?“Over-exercisingcanmeantrainingfortoolongortoointenselywithoutenoughrestforyourpersonallimits,”shesays.“Someofusmayfeelunabletostop.”Indeed,Mind’sresearchshowsalmost40percentofusfeelguiltyifwemissaworkoutandlessthan59percentregularlytakearestday.Soshouldyoubetakingmoretimeout?Byexercisingbeyondyourlimits,notonlycouldyouinjureyourbodyandreducemusclemass,youcouldalsoendupfeelinganxious,too.Over-exercisingcanimpactyourmood,relationshipsandabilitytofunctioninotherareasofyourlife,warnsJarvis.“Exercisereleasesthestresshormonecortisol.Formostpeople,thiscanhelpyoubettermanagestresslevels.

Over-exercising,however,canleadtoincreasedlevelsofcortisolinthebloodstreamwhichcanleadtopoorsleep,depressionandproblemswithmemoryandconcentration.”

Stillnotconvinced?Ifyoufindithardtoputdownyourtrainers,you’renotalone.Upto10percentofenduranceathletesareaffectedbyovertrainingsyndrome,withcommoneffectsincludingmusclesoreness,persistentfatigueandevenmentalbreakdown,saysProfessor

James

Goodwin,directorofscienceandresearchimpactatBrainHealthNetwork.“Inaddition,over-exercisecanstimulatehyperinflammation,whichhasasevereeffectonbrainhealth.”Thereisasimplesolution,however.“Ithasbeenshownthatfatiguemaybedelayedalmostindefinitelybyfrequentandregularshortbreaks,”assuresGoodwin.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Whateffectscanover-exercisingleadto. B.Whyregularexerciseisimportanttowork.C.Howdoweknowwhenexercisingtoomuch. D.Whethermanypeopleinsistonexercisingdaily.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Effectsofover-exercising. B.Definitionsofover-exercising.C.Waystoreachpeople’slimits. D.Benefitsofexercisewithfriends.10.WhatisHayleyJarvis’sattitudetowardsover-exercising?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.11.WhichstatementwouldJames

Goodwinmostprobablyagreewith?A.Over-exercisingcanleadtoseverestressproblems.B.Brainhealthcanbeguaranteedbyimprovingconcentration.C.Takingarestfromover-exercisingcaneaseexhaustion/tiredness.D.Over-trainingsyndromeiscommonforthosewhoexerciseregularly.12.Whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscussnext?A.Othersolutionstoavoidexercisetoomuch.B.Theimportanceoftakingabreaktohealthexperts.C.Otherfactorsthatmayinfluencementalwell-being.D.Thereasonswhyrestingbenefitspeopleexercisingtoomuch.13.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatisover-exercising? B.Takeabreakfromexercise.C.Saynotoextremeexercise. D.Howtobalanceexerciseandwork?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章講述了過(guò)度鍛煉不僅對(duì)身體有害，還會(huì)損害心理健康，短暫休息一下可以緩解這樣的危害?！即鸢浮?.C9.A10.C11.C12.D13.B8．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段““Thebenefitsofregularphysicalactivityarewell-established,butit’spossibletohavetoomuchofagoodthing,”saysHayleyJarvis,headofphysicalactivityatMind.Buthowdoyouknowifyou’redoingtoomuch?“Over-exercisingcanmeantrainingfortoolongortoointenselywithoutenoughrestforyourpersonallimits,”shesays.“Someofusmayfeelunabletostop.”Indeed,Mind’sresearchshowsalmost40percentofusfeelguiltyifwemissaworkoutandlessthan59percentregularlytakearestday.Soshouldyoubetakingmoretimeout?(Mind體育活動(dòng)主管海莉·賈維斯說(shuō)：“定期體育鍛煉的好處是眾所周知的，但好事也可能過(guò)量?！钡悄阍趺粗雷约菏欠褡龅锰嗔四?？她說(shuō)：“過(guò)度運(yùn)動(dòng)意味著訓(xùn)練時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)或強(qiáng)度過(guò)大，沒(méi)有足夠的休息來(lái)達(dá)到你的個(gè)人極限。我們中的一些人可能會(huì)覺(jué)得無(wú)法停下來(lái)。”事實(shí)上，Mind的研究表明，近40%的人如果錯(cuò)過(guò)鍛煉會(huì)感到內(nèi)疚，只有不到59%的人會(huì)定期休息一天。所以你應(yīng)該多休息一下嗎？)”可知，第二段主旨是我們?cè)趺粗朗裁磿r(shí)候運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)量。故選C。9．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Byexercisingbeyondyourlimits,notonlycouldyouinjureyourbodyandreducemusclemass,youcouldalsoendupfeelinganxious,too.(過(guò)度鍛煉不僅會(huì)傷害你的身體，減少肌肉量，還會(huì)讓你感到焦慮)”以及“Over-exercising,however,canleadtoincreasedlevelsofcortisolinthebloodstreamwhichcanleadtopoorsleep,depressionandproblemswithmemoryandconcentration.?(然而，過(guò)度鍛煉會(huì)導(dǎo)致血液中的皮質(zhì)醇水平升高，從而導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量差、抑郁、記憶力和注意力不集中)”可知，本段主要講述過(guò)度鍛煉的影響。故選A。10．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Over-exercisingcanimpactyourmood,relationshipsandabilitytofunctioninotherareasofyourlife,warnsJarvis.(賈維斯警告說(shuō)，過(guò)度鍛煉會(huì)影響你的情緒、人際關(guān)系和生活中其他方面的能力)”可推知，HayleyJarvis不支持過(guò)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。11．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句““Ithasbeenshownthatfatiguemaybedelayedalmostindefinitelybyfrequentandregularshortbreaks,”assuresGoodwin.(“研究表明，頻繁而有規(guī)律的短暫休息可能會(huì)幾乎無(wú)限期地推遲疲憊，”Goodwin保證道)”可知，Goodwin認(rèn)為過(guò)度鍛煉后休息一下可以緩解疲勞。故選C。12．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ithasbeenshownthatfatiguemaybedelayedalmostindefinitelybyfrequentandregularshortbreaks,”assuresGoodwin.(“研究表明，頻繁而有規(guī)律的短暫休息幾乎可以無(wú)限期地延緩疲勞，”Goodwin保證說(shuō))”可推知，作者接下來(lái)最有可能討論休息對(duì)過(guò)度鍛煉的人有益的原因。故選D。13．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中““Ithasbeenshownthatfatiguemaybedelayedalmostindefinitelybyfrequentandregularshortbreaks,”assuresGoodwin.(“研究表明，頻繁而有規(guī)律的短暫休息幾乎可以無(wú)限期地延緩疲勞，”Goodwin保證說(shuō))”結(jié)合文章講述了過(guò)度鍛煉不僅對(duì)身體有害，還會(huì)損害心理健康，短暫休息一下可以緩解這樣的危害，故B項(xiàng)“鍛煉后休息一會(huì)兒”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。DImagineawarmspringday66millionyearsago.Fishwouldhavebeenswimmingintheriversinanareathat’snowNorthDakotaintheUS.Secondslater,thepeacewasendedbydestruction.Thesecouldhavebeentheverylastmomentsofthedinosaurerawhenacity-sizedasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,killingoffthreequartersofallspeciesontheplanet.AccordingtoastudypublishedinNatureonFeb23,theasteroidhitinspringtime,whichsawthedeathofanover-160-million-year-olddynastyandchangedthecourseofevolutionoflifeonEarth.Scientistshavelongbeenconfusedoverthetimeofyeartheasteroidhit,andhowsomeanimalsmanagedtosurvivewhiledinosaursdidn’t.Researchersin2019discoveredthefishesfossilsinNorthDakotathatdiedshortlyaftertheasteroidhitEarth.Theyexaminedthefossilswithaparticleacceleratorandfoundouttherewasseasonalgrowthonthebones.Allfishbonecelldensities(密度)andvolumescanindicatetheseason.Becausetheacceleratoralsocouldcapturethesize,researcherswereabletodeterminewhenintheyeartheasteroidhit.Thetimingofthebighit,atleastfortheNorthernHemisphere(北半球),cameataparticularlysensitivestage.“IthinkspringputsalargegroupofthelateCretaceousbiota(白堊紀(jì)生物)inaverydifficultsituationbecausetheywereoutandaboutlookingforfood,tendingtotheirbabiesandtryingtobuildupresourcesaftertheterriblewinter,”anauthorofthestudysaid.IntheSouthernHemisphere,itwasinautumn,aseasonwhenmanycreaturespreparedforwinter.Therefore,lifeintheSouthernHemispherewasalotmorepreparedforthisevent.ItisunclearwhethersmallanimalsintheNorthernHemisphereactuallydidworsethanthoseinthesouth.ThereisevidencethatNorthernHemisphereturtleswereextinguishedintheasteroidstrike,afterwhichtheirhabitatswerelaterrepopulatedbyturtlesfromthesouth,theauthorsaid.14.Whatinfluencedidtheasteroidstrikehaveontheearth?A.Allthecreaturesontheearthdiedout.B.Itopenedanewerainthecourseofevolution.C.Thedinosaureralastedover160millionyears.D.Onlytwenty-fivepercentofdinosaurssurvived.15.Whatcanbeinferredaccordingtotheresearchmadein2019?A.LifeintheSouthernHemispherewasmorelikelytosurvivethehit.B.Mostanimalsdiedbecausetheyweresensitivetotheharshenvironment.C.Thelargerthesizeoftheanimals,themorepotentiallytheycouldsurvive.D.Thefishesbonecelldensitiesandvolumescantellwhatcausedtothedeath.16.Whichphrasecanbestreplace“extinguished”underlinedinthelastparagraph?A.Brokenup. B.Takenup. C.Leftout. D.Wipedout.17.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.TheAsteroidHit. B.TheCauseofExtinction.C.SpringingtoExtinction. D.TheEndoftheDinosaurEra.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要是介紹了對(duì)小行星撞擊地球?qū)е碌拇鬄?zāi)難中一些動(dòng)物存活下來(lái)而有一些卻沒(méi)有的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行的研究和猜想。〖答案〗14.B15.A16.D17.C14．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“AccordingtoastudypublishedinNatureonFeb23,theasteroidhitinspringtime,whichsawthedeathofanover-160-million-year-olddynastyandchangedthecourseofevolutionoflifeonEarth.(根據(jù)2月23日發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，這顆小行星在春天撞擊地球，導(dǎo)致一個(gè)1.6億多年的王朝滅亡，并改變了地球上生命的進(jìn)化過(guò)程。)”可知，小行星撞擊對(duì)地球的影響是在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一個(gè)新時(shí)代。故選B。15．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“IntheSouthernHemisphere,itwasinautumn,aseasonwhenmanycreaturespreparedforwinter.Therefore,lifeintheSouthernHemispherewasalotmorepreparedforthisevent.(在南半球，這是秋天，這是許多生物準(zhǔn)備過(guò)冬的季節(jié)。因此，南半球的生命對(duì)這一事件準(zhǔn)備得更充分。)”可知，根據(jù)2019年的研究可以推斷出南半球的生命更有可能在這次撞擊中幸存下來(lái)。故選A。16．〖解析〗詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“afterwhichtheirhabitatswerelaterrepopulatedbyturtlesfromthesouth(之后，它們的棲息地后來(lái)被南方的海龜重新占據(jù))”可知，此處是指北半球的海龜在小行星撞擊中滅絕了，所以extinguished意為“滅絕的”。故選D。17．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thesecouldhavebeentheverylastmomentsofthedinosaurerawhenacity-sizedasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,killingoffthreequartersofallspeciesontheplanet.(這可能是恐龍時(shí)代的最后時(shí)刻，一顆城市大小的小行星撞擊地球，殺死了地球上四分之三的物種。)”和第三段“Scientistshavelongbeenconfusedoverthetimeofyeartheasteroidhit,andhowsomeanimalsmanagedtosurvivewhiledinosaursdidn’t.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直對(duì)小行星撞擊地球的時(shí)間感到困惑，以及一些動(dòng)物是如何存活下來(lái)的，而恐龍卻沒(méi)有。)”和最后一段第一句“ItisunclearwhethersmallanimalsintheNorthernHemisphereactuallydidworsethanthoseinthesouth.(目前還不清楚北半球的小動(dòng)物是否真的比南半球的小動(dòng)物更糟糕。)”可知，文章主要是介紹了對(duì)小行星撞擊地球?qū)е碌拇鬄?zāi)難中一些動(dòng)物存活下來(lái)而有一些卻沒(méi)有的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行的研究和猜想。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou’restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant”isagoodstart.___18___Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutitssignificance.___19___Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeperglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootscanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.___20___Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情能力的).Studyinghistorycangiveusinsightintowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.___21___Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance(無(wú)知).Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.___22___It’salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofrelatedquestions.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens’OliverTwist.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhereforanybody.A.Historygroundsusinourroots.B.Historyhelpsusdevelopourinterest.C.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.D.What’sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.E.Beingempatheticmeanslisteningtoandunderstandingsomeoneelse.F.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.G.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了歷史的重要性以及歷史對(duì)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的幫助?！即鸢浮?8.C19.A20.G21.F22.D18．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou’restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant”isagoodstart.(學(xué)習(xí)一門你覺(jué)得毫無(wú)意義的學(xué)科從來(lái)不是一件有趣或容易的事情。如果你正在學(xué)習(xí)歷史，問(wèn)自己“為什么歷史很重要”是一個(gè)很好的開(kāi)始)”以及后文“Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutitssignificance.(你會(huì)在這里找到一些會(huì)引起你興趣的東西，或者讓你思考它的意義)”可知，本句主要承接上文的問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明歷史為什么重要。故C選項(xiàng)“歷史是人類文明的重要組成部分”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。19．〖解析〗根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeperglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootscanprovide.(歷史是一個(gè)重要而有趣的研究領(lǐng)域，學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國(guó)的歷史可以讓我們更深入地了解我們祖先的過(guò)去，以及我們是如何走到今天的。許多人覺(jué)得他們需要一種文化歸屬感，這是研究你的根可以提供的東西)”可知，本段的主旨是歷史可以讓我們了解祖先的過(guò)去，A選項(xiàng)中roots對(duì)應(yīng)后文roots。故A選項(xiàng)“歷史使我們?cè)谖覀兊母狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選A。20．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.(歷史豐富了我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。閱讀歷史是一種奇妙的經(jīng)歷，因?yàn)樗刮覀兡軌蚍此己芫靡郧叭藗兊纳鐣?huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)生活。專家認(rèn)為，無(wú)論過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，人們面臨的問(wèn)題都是一樣的)”可知，上文提到了無(wú)論過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，人們面臨的問(wèn)題都是一樣的，所以歷史可以讓我們處理這些問(wèn)題，G選項(xiàng)中experienced對(duì)應(yīng)上文experience。故G選項(xiàng)“有了關(guān)于祖先的信息，一個(gè)人可以在處理生活挑戰(zhàn)方面變得更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。21．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情能力的).Studyinghistorycangiveusinsightintowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.(歷史讓我們更有同理心。研究歷史可以讓我們深入了解為什么我們的文化會(huì)做某些事情，以及過(guò)去是如何將其塑造成我們現(xiàn)在所知道的)”以及后文“Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance(無(wú)知).Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.(對(duì)別人的恐懼和憎恨通常是由無(wú)知引起的。歷史有可能打破這些界限，讓我們洞悉整個(gè)世界，否則我們就會(huì)感到陌生)”可知，本段的主旨是歷史讓我們更有同理心，可以讓我們了解世界，且F選項(xiàng)中empathy對(duì)應(yīng)上文empathetic。故F選項(xiàng)“它還為跨文化的同理心提供了相當(dāng)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。22．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Historycaninspireustolearnmore.(歷史可以激勵(lì)我們學(xué)習(xí)更多)”以及后文“It’salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofrelatedquestions.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens’OliverTwist.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhereforanybody.(如果沒(méi)有幾十個(gè)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，幾乎不可能了解一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期。研究19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，你可能會(huì)瞥見(jiàn)查爾斯·狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》?；蛘吣阕罱K會(huì)把注意力從小說(shuō)上移開(kāi)，去發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)浪漫主義詩(shī)人的歷史。它可以為任何人去任何地方)”可知，后文的例子表明，人們通過(guò)小說(shuō)去發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)浪漫主義詩(shī)人的歷史。即歷史可以開(kāi)闊我們的視野，讓我們了解更多。故D選項(xiàng)“歷史的奇妙之處在于它開(kāi)闊了我們的視野”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JasonBox,85,startedlearningWelsh,hisnativelanguage,attheageof70.HegrewupinSouthWales,wherehewas___23___andeducatedinEnglishandsincetheageof23haslivedandworkedinBirmingham.Afterretiring,hedecidedthathewantedtoreconnectwithhisroots.“I'maWelshmanandeverybodyshouldbeabletospeaktheir____24____language.”With___25___timeonhishands,hestartedlookingontheInternetforwaystolearnWelsh,buttheexerciseshe___26___didn’thelphimwithpronunciation.Thenlastyearhestarted___27___withSpeakWelsh,whichoffersaseriesofpodcasts(播客)andrunstwice-monthlyclasseswithateacher,wherehemeetsandpracticeswithother___28___learners.Jasonisoneofanumberofolderadultslearninglanguagesin___29___life.Whileyoungerpeopleare___30___thoughttobequicklanguagelearners,thereisnoevidencetosuggestthatseniorlearnersareslower___31___absorbingnewinformationaccordingtoMeg,headoflanguagesatauniversityinLondon.____32____,hesays,thekeyelementtobeingasuccessfullanguagelearnerismotivation.“Iwasexcitedattheprospectoflearningalanguage,”saysJason.“I____33____notdoingitinmyyoungerdays.Whenyou'rebringingupafamilyandworking,you're____34____tothosethings.Learningalanguageandmeetingpeopleisexciting.It's____35____togooutandIlookforwardtoit.”Learningalanguagecouldpotentiallyhelpto____36____thegrowingconcernaroundlonelinessandamongolderpeopleintheUK.“Lonelinessisaterriblething.Goingtoaclassissocializing.Ifyougetout,youarewithotherpeopleandthat'sa(n)____37____forsure.”saysJason.23.A.abandoned B.raised C.lost D.changed24.A.foreign B.common C.native D.formal25.A.more B.limited C.precious D.comfortable26.A.found B.finished C.described D.recommended27.A.breaking B.learning C.meeting D.challenging28.A.podcast B.computer C.language D.geography29.A.busy B.free C.earlier D.later30.A.suddenly B.generally C.initially D.apparently31.A.intermsof B.bymeansof C.onbehalfof D.inspiteof32.A.Instead B.Therefore C.However D.Besides33.A.enjoy B.consider C.suggest D.regret34.A.attached B.opposed C.led D.committed35.A.hard B.equal C.nice D.safe36.A.cause B.increase C.ease D.voice37.A.solution B.benefit C.opportunity D.experience【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述70歲的JasonBox是如何開(kāi)始自學(xué)母語(yǔ)威爾士語(yǔ)的。〖答案〗23.B24.C25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.A33.D34.D35.C36.C37.B23．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在南威爾士長(zhǎng)大，在那里用英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)大和接受教育，從23歲起就在伯明翰生活和工作。A.abandoned放棄；B.raised撫養(yǎng)，等集；C.lost失去；D.changed更改。根據(jù)上文“HegrewupinSouthWales”可知，他是在南威爾士成長(zhǎng)，被養(yǎng)育長(zhǎng)大。故選B項(xiàng)。24．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我是威爾士人，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該會(huì)說(shuō)自己的母語(yǔ)。”A.foreign外國(guó)的；B.common普通的；C.native本地的；D.formal正式的。根據(jù)上文“JasonBox,85,startedlearningWelsh，hisnativelanguage,attheageof70.”可知，這是他自己的母語(yǔ)nativelanguage。故選C項(xiàng)。25．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：手頭有更多的時(shí)間，他開(kāi)始在網(wǎng)上尋找學(xué)習(xí)威爾士語(yǔ)的方法。但他發(fā)現(xiàn)的練習(xí)對(duì)他的發(fā)音沒(méi)有幫助。A.more更多的；B.limited有限的；C.precious珍貴的；D.comfortable舒適的。根據(jù)上文“Afterretiring,hedecidedthathewantedtoreconnectwithhisroots.”可知，他退休之后有更多時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。故選A項(xiàng)。26．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：手頭有更多的時(shí)間，他開(kāi)始在網(wǎng)上尋找學(xué)習(xí)威爾士語(yǔ)的方法。但他發(fā)現(xiàn)的練習(xí)對(duì)他的發(fā)音沒(méi)有幫助。A.found找到；B.finished完成；C.described描述；D.recommended推薦。根據(jù)上文“hestartedlookingontheInternetforwaystolearnWelsh”以及下文“didn'thelphimwithpronunciation”可知，是找到方法學(xué)習(xí)，但是這個(gè)方法對(duì)于發(fā)音沒(méi)有幫助。故選A項(xiàng)。27．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：去年，他開(kāi)始用SpeakWelsh學(xué)習(xí)，該公司提供一系列播客，有老師一個(gè)月兩次上課，在那里他與其他語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者會(huì)面并練習(xí)。A.breaking斷裂；B.learning學(xué)習(xí)；C.meeting會(huì)議；D.challenging挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)上文“hestartedlookingontheInternetforwaystolearnWelsh”可知，他開(kāi)始找網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項(xiàng)。28．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：去年，他開(kāi)始用SpeakWelsh學(xué)習(xí)，該公司提供一系列播客，有老師一個(gè)月兩次上課，在那里他與其他語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者會(huì)面并練習(xí)。A.podcast播客；B.computer計(jì)算機(jī)；C.language語(yǔ)言；D.geography地理。根據(jù)上文“speaktheir2language.”以及“withSpeakWelsh,whichoffersaseriesofpodcasts(播客)andrunstwice-monthlyclasseswithateacher”可知，這是一個(gè)博客軟件用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，所以表達(dá)與其他語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)這會(huì)面練習(xí)。故選C項(xiàng)。29．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：杰森是許多在晚年學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的老年人之一。A.busy忙的；B.free免費(fèi)的；C.earlier更早的；D.later稍后的。根據(jù)上文“JasonBox,85,startedlearnin9Welsh,hisnativelanguage,attheageof70.”可知，他是在老年生活開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。故選D項(xiàng)。30．〖解析〗考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)倫敦一所大學(xué)的語(yǔ)言系主任Meg的說(shuō)法，雖然年輕人通常被認(rèn)為是快速的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明老年學(xué)習(xí)者在吸收新信息方面更慢。A.suddenly突然；B.generally一般情況下；C.initially最初；D.apparently顯然。根據(jù)下文“thereisnoevidencetosuggest”可知，年輕人被認(rèn)為是快速的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者這只是大眾普遍認(rèn)知并沒(méi)有實(shí)際證據(jù)。故選B項(xiàng)。31．〖解析〗考查短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)倫敦一所大學(xué)的語(yǔ)言系主任Meg的說(shuō)法，雖然年輕人通常被認(rèn)為是快速的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明老年學(xué)習(xí)者在吸收新信息方面更慢。A.intermsof在……方面；B.bymeanso