英語(yǔ)中八大基本成分和五大基本句型

./英語(yǔ)的基本成分主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是句子敘述或動(dòng)作的主體,表示句子說(shuō)的是"什么人"或"什么事".主語(yǔ)可以由這些詞類或形式來(lái)?yè)?dān)任：名詞、代詞、名詞化了的動(dòng)詞〔動(dòng)名詞、數(shù)詞等.主語(yǔ)最常見(jiàn)的是由名詞、動(dòng)名詞擔(dān)任.Mrleeisawell-knownscientists.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.Smokingisharmfultothehealth.Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài),指出主語(yǔ)"做什么""是什么".

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置一般在主語(yǔ)之后.謂語(yǔ)一般由簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)<助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):主要由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).Ilikewalking.我喜歡走路.Maryeatscakes.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ),可分為兩種情況：第一種是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：Icansingthatsong.我能唱那首歌Iwillnotdoitagain.我不會(huì)再做它〔指這件事itonemoretime".I’llgoandmoveawaythebag我會(huì)移走這個(gè)袋子的.Ihavereadthatbook.我已經(jīng)看了那本書(shū).第二種是由連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：一般系動(dòng)詞后面的成份叫做表語(yǔ)像am、is、are等后面〔時(shí)態(tài)不限,而表語(yǔ)可以由名詞詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或名詞性從句還有形容詞、形容詞性短語(yǔ)或句子構(gòu)成.Sheisbeautiful.Iamadoctor.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者.賓語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任.英語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞后必須有賓語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)一般放及物動(dòng)詞之后,它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么.賓語(yǔ)有直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)之分,即指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)稱為"雙賓語(yǔ)".JacklendsmeabookMybrothergivesmeapresents.Hedrinksabottleofcoke.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)就是放在系動(dòng)詞后面,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的.表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞從句來(lái)充當(dāng),Myfatherisadoctor.Heisalwayscareless.HisworkisteachingFrenchAllthestudentsareontheplayground定語(yǔ)指用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子.主要有形容詞來(lái)充當(dāng),此外還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、定語(yǔ)從句.漢語(yǔ)中常表示為"…..的"Lucyisabeautifulgirl.<形容詞>Maryisachemistryteacher.〔名詞Heisourfriend.〔物主代詞Jimisthethirdchildofhisfamily.<數(shù)詞>Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.<介詞短語(yǔ)>Theworktobedoneisveryimportant.<不定式>狀語(yǔ)指用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全局的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子.從情況、時(shí)間、處所、方式、條件、對(duì)象、肯定、否定、范圍和程度等方面對(duì)謂語(yǔ)中心詞進(jìn)行修飾或限制.Heisveryhandsome.<程度>OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.〔時(shí)間Ineedtimetodomyhomework.<目的>IfIamfree,Iwillplaywithyou.<條件>補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)或者主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),狀態(tài).賓補(bǔ)：在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,狀態(tài),特征.Wewillmakethemhappy.Iwillhavemybikerepaired.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.同位語(yǔ)指在名詞或代詞之后,對(duì)其做進(jìn)一步解釋或解釋,在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位.名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞都可做同位語(yǔ).Weallarestudents.〔all是we的同位語(yǔ),都指同樣的"我們"Westudentsshouldstudyhard.<students是we的同位語(yǔ),都指同一批學(xué)生>2五大基本句型掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ).主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)<不及物動(dòng)詞>Thesunrose.Thebuscomes.Whocares?主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)句子中系動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思,后面必須加上表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)才能表達(dá)完整的意思.目前我們學(xué)到的系動(dòng)詞主要是Be動(dòng)詞,be動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)什么意義,只起聯(lián)系主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的作用.Sheisadoctor.Maryisbeautiful.Iamabusinessman.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)這里的謂語(yǔ)都是有實(shí)際意義的及物動(dòng)詞,而且必須接賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整.Ilikereading.Shedrinkswater.Davidknowsthatman.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)指物—?jiǎng)幼鞯某惺苤?間接賓語(yǔ)指人—?jiǎng)幼鞯氖芤嫒?這樣的動(dòng)詞不多,常用的有g(shù)ive/pass/bring/show/lendMarrygivesmeabag.Pleasepassmethesalt.Myfatherbringsmeacake.Myfriendslendmeacomputer.所有的這種句型可以把直接賓語(yǔ)提到謂語(yǔ)后面,換成：marrygivesabagtome/myfatherbringsacaketome.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,如果沒(méi)有賓補(bǔ),則句子意思不夠完整.ThesunkeepsuswarmIseehimsing.WecallhimjackGarymakemecry.練習(xí)：一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgetontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.Marryisabeautifulgirl.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcamehere.13.westudentsdon’tlikethisteacher.14.Doyouhaveabasketball?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)〔—、謂語(yǔ)〔＝、賓語(yǔ)〔～：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)〔—、狀語(yǔ)〔＝、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)〔～：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、選擇填空：<

>1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman

B.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenow

D.Themanisherenow<

>2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold

B.iswetandcold

C.notwetandcold

D.werewetandcold<

>3.Theappletasted____.A.sweets

B.sweetly

C.nicely

D.sweet<

>4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately

B.late

C.latest

D.latter<

>5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.dead

B.died

C.dyed

D.deaded<

>6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,us

B.Us,we

C.We,our

D.We,we<

>7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd

B.crowding

C.crowded

D.crowdedly<

>8.Ithink_____necessar