2024年1月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試適應(yīng)性測(cè)試（九省聯(lián)考）英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁參照機(jī)密級(jí)管理★啟用前河南省2024年普通高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考生號(hào)、姓名、考點(diǎn)學(xué)校、考場號(hào)及座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需要改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillChrisdonext?A.Drinksomecoffee.B.WatchtheWorldCup.C.Gotosleep.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.3.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’ssuggestion?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Negative.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A.He’ssmartforhisage.B.He’sunwillingtostudy.C.He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.5.WhatdidKevindoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hecleaneduphishouse.C.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?A.Peter.B.David.C.Janet.7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?A.ThisWednesday.B.ThisFriday.C.NextMonday.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Travelexperiences.B.Vacationplans.C.Favoriteseasons.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Gotothebeach.B.Findasummerjob.C.MovetoWashington.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.B.Therearemorementhanwomen.C.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?A.$453billion.B.$990billion.C.$1,500billion.12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?A.Anadventurenovel.B.Asoftwarepackage.C.AnotebyMarkTwain.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?A.Visitingamuseum.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togivethanks.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Buyanewcellphone.C.Takepicturesofthesnow.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Gotoapark.B.Playfootball.C.Attendaparty.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?A.Fromthemovies.B.Fromherfamily.C.Fromthebooks.18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker’sattitudetowardsstudy?A.Herprofessor’sadvice.B.Hergraduateprogram.C.HertriptoAfrica.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?A.Regretful.B.Relieved.C.Grateful.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Conservationworkers.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Collegeteachers.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYellowstonePosterExhibitiontoBeonViewatUW’sCoeLibraryAfirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.“WonderlandIllustrated”willpresentpostersandposter-styleillustrationsoftheparkspanningfromthe1870sthrough2022.TheexhibitionwillbelocatedonLevel3ofCoeLibrary.ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.Theexhibitiontakesplaceatthesametimeasthisyear’s150thanniversaryofthecreationofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thepostersintheexhibitionservethepurposeofbothadvertisingandart.“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary,”saysTamsenHert,headofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.“Thisexhibitioninvolvesthehistoryofprinting,art,photographyandadvertisingover16decades.Theimagesreproducedarefoundontravelbrochures,postcardsandmaps—manyofwhichareheldinourcollections.”O(jiān)neposterfromtheexhibition—HenryWellge’s“YellowstoneNationalPark”from1904—wasrecentlypurchasedwithdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductivebird’s-eye-viewartist,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.1.Howlongwilltheexhibition“WonderlandIllustrated”last?A.Twoweeks. B.Threemonths. C.Fourmonths. D.Oneyear.2.Whatisapurposeoftheexhibition?A.Torememberafamousartist. B.ToraisefundforCoeLibrary.C.Tomarktheanniversaryofanationalpark. D.TotellthehistoryoftheUniversityofWyoming.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?A.Itisrareintheworld. B.Itisinblackandwhite.C.Itisprintedoncloth. D.Itisownedbyaprofessor.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了黃石海報(bào)展覽的時(shí)間安排以及特色等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Afirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.(從2月1日星期二開始，懷俄明大學(xué)科圖書館將舉辦一場首次以黃石國家公園歷史海報(bào)為主題的展覽)”以及第二段“ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.(展覽將持續(xù)到5月31日星期二)”可知，“仙境畫報(bào)”展覽將持續(xù)四個(gè)月。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary(我們很高興能與黃石收藏者杰克和蘇珊·戴維斯以及拉里和西婭·蘭開斯特合作，將這次展覽帶到懷俄明大學(xué)，作為紀(jì)念黃石公園150周年的為期一年的慶?；顒?dòng)的一部分)”可知，展覽的目的是紀(jì)念一個(gè)國家公園的周年紀(jì)念。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.(這是一件獨(dú)特的作品，因?yàn)橄襁@樣的海報(bào)是印在軟紙上的，很少有幸存下來)”可知，1904年亨利·韋爾奇設(shè)計(jì)的海報(bào)在世界上很罕見。故選A。BParrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.Parrotsaremosteasilyhurtwhenfeedingontheground.Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.Themostcommonpredatorsofparrotsincludehawks,snakes,cats,monkeys,andbats.Somepredatorsmakeattacksonlyduringthedaywhileothershuntinthenight.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.However,ifthisisnotpossible,theywillfightwiththeirpowerfulbeakstodefendthemselves.Becausetheirbiggestenemyisthehawk,parrotsareespeciallyreactivetoquickmovementsfromaboveandbehind.Forthisreason,itiswisetoavoidquick,suddenmovementsnearyourbird.Thisisabuilt-inreactionnotsubjecttologicorreason.Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.4.Whatisimportantforparrotstobettersurvivefromattacksinthewild?A.Livinginagroup. B.Growingbeautifulfeathers.C.Feedingontheground. D.Avoidingcomingoutatnight.5.Whatisparrots’firstresponsetoanimmediaterisk?A.Toattackback. B.Togetaway.CToprotecttheyoung. D.Toplaydead.6.Whywouldaballoonfrightenaparrot?A.Itmayexplodesuddenly. B.Itmaybeinastrangeshape.C.Itmayhaveastrongcolor. D.Itmaymovearoundquickly.7Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toexplainwildparrots’behavior. B.Togiveadviceonraisingaparrot.C.Tocallforactiontoprotectanimals. D.Tointroduceastudyonbirdecology.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了鸚鵡作為被捕食動(dòng)物的行為特性和生存策略?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.(群體中的成員在確保其安全和提高其從捕食者襲擊中幸存下來的機(jī)會(huì)方面起著重要作用。)”可知，鸚鵡要想更好地在野外躲避攻擊，重要的是要進(jìn)行集體生活，故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.(作為獵物，鸚鵡會(huì)時(shí)刻警惕危險(xiǎn)，并本能地對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做出反應(yīng)。他們的第一反應(yīng)是飛走)”可知，鸚鵡對(duì)直接風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的第一反應(yīng)是逃跑，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(簡單且相對(duì)無害的家居用品會(huì)引起鳥類的極度恐懼反應(yīng)。例如，在你的鳥心目中，氣球可能代表鷹，或者真空軟管可能與蛇相同)”可知，氣球能夠嚇到鸚鵡是因?yàn)闅馇蚩赡苄螤钇婀郑果W鵡聯(lián)想到鷹，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Parrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.(鸚鵡是獵物，這意味著野生的其他捕食者，如鷹或蛇，正在尋找將它們作為食物。這一個(gè)因素比任何其他因素都更能影響鸚鵡在家里的行為)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(簡單且相對(duì)無害的家居用品會(huì)引起鳥類的極度恐懼反應(yīng)。例如，在你的鳥心目中，氣球可能代表鷹，或者真空軟管可能與蛇相同)”以及最后一段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.(作為獵物，鸚鵡經(jīng)常被新的家庭用品或陌生人嚇到。從很小的時(shí)候就開始讓你的鳥接觸安全的體驗(yàn)和變化，以建立靈活性并提高它們的適應(yīng)性，這一點(diǎn)很重要。飲食和玩具的多樣性、旅行以及接觸新的人和地方都有助于讓你的鳥更靈活，更適應(yīng)變化)”可知，本文的寫作目的是對(duì)飼養(yǎng)鸚鵡提建議，故選B項(xiàng)。CInhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometotheconclusionthatthereisonlyonewaytogetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言語的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(闡述)anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections(異議)andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.9.Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A.Theylackdebatingskills. B.Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C.Theyfearbeingignored. D.Theyarenotconfidentinthemselves.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Defend. B.Explain. C.Conclude. D.Repeat.11.Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A.Senseoflogic. B.Solidsupportingevidence.C.Propermanners. D.Understandingfrombothsides.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，作者闡述了爭論的意義和贏得爭論的方法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.(這種對(duì)爭論的厭惡是很普遍的，但它取決于對(duì)爭論的錯(cuò)誤看法，這種觀點(diǎn)會(huì)給我們的個(gè)人和社會(huì)生活帶來問題——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了爭論的意義)”可知，作者對(duì)于Carnegie對(duì)爭論的看法持批判態(tài)度，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Likephysicalfights,verbal(言語的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.(和身體上的打斗一樣，言語上的打斗也會(huì)讓雙方流血。即使你贏了，你最終也不會(huì)變得更好。如果爭論只是一場比賽，比如網(wǎng)球比賽，你也會(huì)感覺很糟糕)”可知，很多人盡量避免爭論，是因?yàn)榧词冠A了他們也感覺很糟糕，故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語所在句“askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview”可知，讓他們?yōu)樽约旱挠^點(diǎn)提供依據(jù)，即讓他們充分闡明他們的觀點(diǎn)，spellout意為“解釋明白，講清楚”，故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.(如果我們重新調(diào)整我們對(duì)爭論的看法——從一場口水戰(zhàn)或網(wǎng)球比賽轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N理性的交流，通過這種交流，我們都能獲得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我們就改變了‘贏得’爭論的本質(zhì))”可知，作者認(rèn)為“贏得”爭論的關(guān)鍵是通過交流獲得彼此的尊重和理解，故選D。DForlotsofkidstoddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)towardafriend,praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It’salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild’spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’rerefreshed.12.Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates’behavior?A.Theyareinterestedinacting. B.Theyareshywiththestrangers.C.Theyarefondoftheirplaymates. D.Theyaretiredofplayinggames.13.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?A.Designgamesforthem. B.Findthemsuitableplaymates.C.Playtogetherwiththem. D.Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.14.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?A.Givingexamples. B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence. D.Makingcomparisons.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowChildrenAdapttoChanges B.HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC.HowYourBabyLearnstoLove D.HowtoCommunicatewithYourKid【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幼兒時(shí)期友誼對(duì)兒童社交能力發(fā)展的重要性，并探討了幼兒表達(dá)友誼的方式和可能出現(xiàn)的問題。同時(shí)，文章還提供了一些建議和方法，幫助家長在幼兒社交互動(dòng)中發(fā)揮積極作用，培養(yǎng)他們的同情心和表達(dá)能力，學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)展友誼?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.(此外，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子表現(xiàn)出他們喜歡其他孩子的方式與成年人認(rèn)為的友誼表達(dá)方式明顯不同。哥倫布俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子在玩耍時(shí)說“我喜歡你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行為)”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子模仿朋友的行為說明他們喜歡玩伴，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem(通過游戲體驗(yàn)，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社交規(guī)則。這就是在你蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子的社交活動(dòng)中，通過設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒它們是什么，來發(fā)揮積極作用是如此重要的原因，當(dāng)您制定這些指導(dǎo)方針時(shí)，請(qǐng)解釋其背后的原因)”可知，作者建議家長在孩子的社交生活中設(shè)定限制，并且經(jīng)常提醒孩子們這些限制，也就是社交規(guī)則，幫助孩子理解社交規(guī)則，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy

(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”)(首先幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)同情（(本在哭。是什么讓他這么傷心?”）)”以及“thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem

(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”)(然后建議他如何解決這個(gè)問題(“如果你讓他打球，也許他會(huì)感覺好些?！?)”可知，這些引用是通過舉例說明這兩個(gè)建議：幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)同情并解決問題，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation(對(duì)很多孩子來說，蹣跚學(xué)步是建立友誼的重要時(shí)刻。研究表明，孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)建立積極的關(guān)系，他們?cè)谇嗌倌旰统赡耆藭r(shí)期就越善于與他人建立聯(lián)系。一起玩耍也有助于這些孩子練習(xí)社交行為，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare(通過游戲體驗(yàn)，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)規(guī)則。這就是在你蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子的社交活動(dòng)中，通過設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒它們是什么，來發(fā)揮積極作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.(另一種鼓勵(lì)健康社交的方法是鼓勵(lì)孩子用語言而不是拳頭來表達(dá)他們的感受。)”可知，本文主要講的是家長如何幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)愛，學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)展友誼，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。CommonMistakesNewRunnersMakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨礙)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.___16___,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.·DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine___17___.·___18___Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.·Notwearingtherightequipment___19___,it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.?Runningthroughpain___20___Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn’tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.A.NottakingrestdaysB.Ifyou’rejuststartingoutC.ComparingyourselftoothersD.RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE.It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF.Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG.Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweek【答案】16.B17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了新手跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤。【16題詳解】上文“Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨礙)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.(跑步是保持體形的好方法，幾乎每個(gè)人都可以做到。然而，許多人會(huì)犯一些常見的錯(cuò)誤，這些錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)干擾訓(xùn)練或?qū)е率軅?”指出跑步時(shí)有些人會(huì)犯一些常見的錯(cuò)誤，這些錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)干擾訓(xùn)練或?qū)е率軅?，由本段?biāo)題“CommonMistakesNewRunnersMake(新跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤)”可知，本文主要指出新跑步者會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)下文“keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.(記住這些事情可以幫助您增加跑步成功的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，空處是狀語從句，B項(xiàng)“如果你剛剛開始”符合，是下文的條件，同時(shí)也符合主題，即如果你是新跑步者，本文的建議會(huì)幫助你增加成功跑步的機(jī)會(huì)，故選B?！?7題詳解】上文“Oneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine(新跑步者犯的最大錯(cuò)誤之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地進(jìn)入訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃將有助于降低受傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這樣您就可以繼續(xù)新的跑步習(xí)慣)”指出剛開始跑步的人會(huì)跑得太快，所以要慢慢進(jìn)入訓(xùn)練，不要跑太多太快，G項(xiàng)“專家建議每周增加跑步距離不超過10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故選G。【18題詳解】此處是本段小標(biāo)題，即新手跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤之一，根據(jù)下文“Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.(初學(xué)者可能認(rèn)為他們需要每天（或幾乎每天）跑步才能達(dá)到健身或減肥目標(biāo)，但這與事實(shí)相差甚遠(yuǎn)。跑步是一項(xiàng)高影響力的活動(dòng)，對(duì)您的身體來說確實(shí)很困難。因此，在鍛煉之間讓身體休息很重要。)”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A項(xiàng)“沒有休息日”符合，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Notwearingtherightequipment(沒有佩戴合適的裝備)”可知，本段主要介紹了新手跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤之一是沒有佩戴合適的裝備，下文“it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.(鍛煉時(shí)正確穿著很重要)”強(qiáng)調(diào)跑步時(shí)正確穿著很重要，空處也應(yīng)與“佩戴合適的裝備”有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“雖然你可能確實(shí)不需要昂貴的設(shè)備來開始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題中的“therightequipment”，雖然你可能確實(shí)不需要昂貴的設(shè)備來開始跑步，但是鍛煉時(shí)正確穿著很重要，故選F。【20題詳解】下文“Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain(如果跑步時(shí)感到疼痛，則需要停下來治療疼痛)”指出跑步時(shí)如果感到疼痛，應(yīng)該停下來，這說明有時(shí)候跑步會(huì)讓人感到疼痛，D項(xiàng)“跑步有時(shí)會(huì)感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介紹了感到疼痛時(shí)該如何做，故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.Myphonewas___21___,too.Imanagedtogettoagasstation,butitwasSundayintheearlyfall,andtherewasno___22___onduty.Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoneyfor___23___thecar.Isatalongsidemycarforseveralhourstryingto___24___theheatwhenanoldergentleman___25___tofuelhiscar.Heaskedaboutmycar,andI___26___mypredicament(困境).Tomy___27___,thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand___28___atoolset.Rightthenandthere,thistotal___29___examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere___30___tofunction.Afteraboutanhour,he___31___thatmycarwassafetofinishthetrip.___32___cameatthehandsofastranger.___33___hisclothes,workingonahotSeptemberafternoon,thisman___34___acollegestudentfromdisaster,justbecauseshecouldhavebeenhis___35___.21.A.busy B.loud C.dead D.secure22.A.mechanic B.policeman C.manager D.guide23.A.washing B.parking C.purchasing D.maintaining.24.A.feel B.beat C.absorb D.produce25.A.promised B.refused C.stopped D.volunteered26.A.solved B.noticed C.escaped. D.explained27.A.surprise B.regret C.amusement. D.disappointment28.A.calledup B.pulledout C.putdown D.threwaway29.A.liar B.beginner C.stranger D.loser30.A.free B.ready C.uncertain D.unable31.A.pronounced B.agreed C.discovered D.doubted32.A.Tiredness B.Kindness C.Loneliness D.Carefulness33.A.Folding B.Drying C.Soiling. D.Mending34.A.saved B.called C.judged D.banned35.A.friend B.daughter C.coworker D.customer【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的車在半路壞了，正巧趕上周日，在加油站并沒有找到修車的人。這時(shí)恰巧有一位年長的紳士來加油。了解到作者遇到的困難后，他主動(dòng)幫助作者修了車。作者對(duì)此非常的感謝?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的手機(jī)也沒電了。A.busy忙的；B.loud大聲的；C.dead（因無電力）不工作的；D.secure可靠的。根據(jù)上文“IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.”以及句中的too可知，作者的車壞了，手機(jī)也因?yàn)闆]電而關(guān)機(jī)了。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我設(shè)法去了一個(gè)加油站，但那是初秋的周日，沒有機(jī)修工值班。A.mechanic機(jī)修工；B.policeman警察；C.manager經(jīng)理；D.guide指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“butitwasSundayintheearlyfall”可知，作者的車壞了，所以她應(yīng)該去找修車的。但是因?yàn)槭侵苋眨约佑驼镜臋C(jī)修工都沒上班。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)我正努力讀完大學(xué)，幾乎沒有錢保養(yǎng)這輛車。A.washing清洗；B.parking停車；C.purchasing購買；D.maintaining保養(yǎng)。根據(jù)空前“Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoney”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)正在在讀大學(xué)，沒有什么錢，所以幾乎是不保養(yǎng)車的。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在車旁坐了幾個(gè)小時(shí)試圖避暑，這時(shí)一位年長的紳士停下來給他的車加油。A.feel感覺；B.beat擊??；C.absorb吸收；D.produce生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)下文“workingonahotSeptemberafternoon”可知，事情發(fā)生在一個(gè)炎熱的夏天，作者坐在車邊試圖保持涼爽。beattheheat“消暑，在炎熱的天氣中保持涼爽”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在車旁坐了幾個(gè)小時(shí)試圖避暑，這時(shí)一位年長的紳士停下來給他的車加油。A.promised答應(yīng)了；B.refused拒絕；C.stopped停止；D.volunteered自愿的。根據(jù)上文“Imanagedtogettoagasstation”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一輛車停下來加油。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他問起我的車，我解釋了我的困境。A.solved解決；B.noticed注意到；C.escaped逃脫。D.explained解釋。根據(jù)上文“Heaskedaboutmycar”可知，這位紳士詢問作者的車出了什么問題，然后作者向他解釋了他的困境。故選D。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這位先生告訴我，他有一個(gè)和我同齡的女兒，然后他打開行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.surprise驚喜；B.regret遺憾；C.amusement可笑；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文“thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand___8___atoolset”可知，這位年長的紳士聽到作者的困難后，告訴作者他也有一個(gè)女兒，而且從車?yán)锬贸鲆惶坠ぞ?。這讓作為陌生人的作者感到非常的驚訝。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這位先生告訴我，他有一個(gè)和我同齡的女兒，然后他打開行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.calledup打電話給；B.pulledout取出；C.putdown放下；D.threwaway扔掉了。根據(jù)空后“atoolset”以及下文“Rightthenandthere,thistotal___9___examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere___10___tofunction.”可知，這位紳士從他的車?yán)锬贸鲆惶坠ぞ?，幫作者修起了車。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，這個(gè)完全陌生的人檢查了我的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，一邊工作一邊解釋說，我的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒有更換了