2016年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-非謂語動詞課件

2016CollegeEntranceExaminationEnglishReview-OverviewofNonfiniteVerbsTheusageofnonfiniteverbsPracticeofNonfiniteVerbsAnAnalysisofErrorsinNonfiniteVerbsSuggestionsforpreparingfornonfiniteverbs目錄01OverviewofNonfiniteVerbsNonfiniteverbsarethosethatdonothaveafiniteform,suchasinfinitives,participles,andgerunds.Theyareusedtoexpressactionsorstatesthatarenotcompleteorthathavenospecifictimereference.NonfiniteverbsareessentialinEnglishgrammarastheyprovideflexibilityandvarietyinexpressingactionsandstates.Theycanbeusedasthesubject,object,orcomplementofasentence,dependingonthecontextandthemeaningthewriterwantstoconvey.ThedefinitionofnonfiniteverbsInfinitivesInfinitivesarethebasicformofnonfiniteverbs.Theyareusuallyprecededbytheparticle"to"andcanbeusedasthesubjectorobjectofasentence.Forexample,"torun"or"toeat".ParticiplesParticiplesareformedbyaddingsuffixes(-ing,-ed)totheverbstem.Theycanbeusedasadjectivesoradverbsinasentence.Forexample,"running"or"eaten".GerundsGerundsareformedbyadding"-ing"totheverbstemandareusedasnounsinasentence.Theyexpressactionsorstatesthatarecompleteinthemselves.Forexample,"swimming"or"reading".TypesofNonfiniteVerbsNonfiniteverbsdonothaveaspecifictenseform.However,theycanbeusedwithtenseparticlessuchas"has"or"have"toexpressanactioninthepastorpresent.Forexample,"hasgone"or"haveseen".TenseNonfiniteverbscanbeactiveorpassivevoice.Theactivevoiceexpressesthesubjectasperformingtheaction,whilethepassivevoiceemphasizestheactionratherthanthesubjectperformingit.Forexample,"running"(activevoice)or"beingrun"(passivevoice).VoiceTheTenseandVoiceofNonfiniteVerbs02TheusageofnonfiniteverbsInfinitiveassubjectToeatanappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.InfinitiveasobjectShelikestoreadbooks.InfinitiveaspredicateHefailedtocompletethetask.InfinitiveascomplementThebestwaytolearnEnglishistoimmerseoneselfinthelanguage.Infinitiveassubject,object,predicate,andcomplementSwimmingisherfavoritehobby.GerundassubjectIenjoydoingyoga.GerundasobjectHisfavoritesportisbasketball.GerundaspredicateThebestwaytodescribehimisasajoker.GerundasattributiveGerundassubject,object,predicate,andattributiveParticiplesasadjectives,adverbials,andcomplementsParticiplesasadverbials:Heleftafterfinishinghiswork.Participlesasadjectives:Thebrokenglassisdangerous.Participlesascomplements:When引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，主句的謂語動詞是被動語態(tài)時，從句中的分詞短語可以作為主句的補(bǔ)足語。例如：Whenheated,waterwillboil.（當(dāng)水被加熱時，它會沸騰。）SpecialusageofnonfiniteverbsTheuseof"tobe"+infinitivewithout"to"incertaincontexts:Itisimportanttoeatabalanceddiet.Theuseof"have"+infinitivewithout"to"incertaincontexts:Ihadtostudyfortheexam.03PracticeofNonfiniteVerbsMultipleChoiceQuestionsThesequestionsteststudents'understandingofinfinitiveverbs,includingtheirbasicforms,uses,anddifferencesfromotherverbforms.Samplequestion:"Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectinfinitiveformoftheverb"tostudy"?a)studying,b)studied,c)study,d)studies."MultipleChoiceQuestionsonInfinitiveGerundsareverbsusedasnouns,andthesequestionsfocusontheircorrectusageandidentification.Samplequestion:"Inthesentence"Ienjoy_____inthemorning,"whichbestcompletesthesentence?a)reading,b)read,c)toread,d)reads."MultipleChoiceQuestionsonGerundsThistypeofquestionrequiresstudentstoidentifythecorrectinfinitiveverbtofillinasentence.Sample:"I_____myhomeworkbeforewatchingTV."ClozeTestonInfinitiveHere,studentsneedtochoosethecorrectgerundthatfitsintoagivensentence.Sample:"Myfavoriteactivityis_____,Ialwaysfeelrelaxedafterward."ClozeTestonGerundsClozeTestReadingComprehensiononInfinitiveVerbsThesequestionsaskstudentstoidentifytheinfinitiveverbsinagivenpassageandexplaintheirfunctions.Sample:"Readtheparagraphbelowandidentifytheinfinitiveverbthatisusedasapurposeclause.Explainitsfunctionandmeaning."要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二ReadingComprehensiononGerundsThesequestionsaskstudentstoidentifygerundsinapassageandexplaintheirmeaningsorfunctions.Sample:"Inthefollowingparagraph,underlinethegerundandexplainitsroleinthecontext."ReadingComprehensionQuestionsWritingExerciseonInfinitiveVerbsStudentsareaskedtoconstructsentencesusinginfinitiveverbsanddemonstratetheirunderstandingoftheirfunctionsandforms.Sample:"Writeasentenceusingtheinfinitiveverb'togo'thatexpressesapurpose."WritingExerciseonGerundsHere,studentsareaskedtocreatesentenceswithgerundsanddemonstratetheirmasteryoftheirusageasnounsoraspartofalargerphraseorclause.Sample:"Writeasentenceusingthegerund'reading'thatshowsitsuseasasubject."WritingExerciseQuestions04AnAnalysisofErrorsinNonfiniteVerbsVSInfinitivesarethebaseformofverbs,usuallyprecededby"to".Gerundsareverbformsendingin"-ing"thatfunctionasnouns.Studentsoftenconfusethetwo,especiallyinsentencestructureandmeaning.Example:"Toswimisfun"(infinitive)vs."Swimmingisapopularhobby"(gerund).ConfusionbetweeninfinitivesandgerundsParticiplesareverbformsthatcanbeusedasadjectivesoradverbs.However,studentsoftenmisusethemasadverbials,leadingtounnaturalsentencestructureorincorrectmeanings.Example:"Thecatsatonthemat,eatenthefish"(incorrectusageofparticipleasadverbial).MisuseofparticiplesasadverbialsNonfiniteverbscanbeconvertedintoclausesorsubordinateclauses,butstudentsoftenstrugglewiththecorrectusageandstructureoftheseconversions.Example:"Ienjoyreadingbooks"(non-finiteverb)canbeconvertedintoaclause:"IenjoywhenIreadbooks"(incorrectconversion).Inconclusion,studentsneedtohaveaclearunderstandingofnonfiniteverbsandtheirusageinordertoavoidcommonerrors.Regularpracticeandfeedbackfromteacherscanhelpstudentsimprovetheirlanguageskillsandavoidthesecommonmistakes.010203Theconversionofnonfiniteverbsandclauses05SuggestionsforpreparingfornonfiniteverbsMasterthebasicconceptsandusageofnonfiniteverbsUnderstandthetypesofnonfiniteverbs:Infinitive,participle,andgerund.Learnthefunctionsofnonfiniteverbsinasentence:subject,object,complement,andadverbial.Familiarizeyourselfwiththedifferentformsofnonfiniteverbs:basefor