Unit+6+Space+and+Beyond+Starting+out+ Understanding+ideas+課件【知識(shí)精講精研】高二下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修四冊(cè)

Unit6Period1Startingout&Understandingideas課堂學(xué)習(xí)Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1HowwastheSunformed?2WherearetheAsteroidBeltandtheKuiperBeltinthesolarsystem?3Whatelsedoyouknowaboutthesolarsystem?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.1Startingout1HowwastheSunformed?2WherearetheAsteroidBeltandtheKuiperBeltinthesolarsystem?3Whatelsedoyouknowaboutthesolarsystem?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.First,enoughgasanddustpulledtogethertomakeadiscwheretheplanetsformed.Then,buildingpressureheatedupthecenterofthedisctoonemilliondegrees,andanuclearreactionbegan,whichformedtheSun.TheAsteroidBeltliesbetweenMarsandJupiter.TheKuiperBeltexistsjustbeyondtheorbitofNeptune.Lookatthetimelineandanswerthequestions.21Whichofthesespacecrafthadahumanonboardwhenlaunched?2WhataretherecenteventsinChina'sspaceprogramme?Addthemtothetimeline.3WhatdoyouknowaboutChina'sfutureplansforspaceexploration?1Whichofthesespacecrafthadahumanonboardwhenlaunched?2WhataretherecenteventsinChina'sspaceprogramme?Addthemtothetimeline.3WhatdoyouknowaboutChina'sfutureplansforspaceexploration?ShenzhouV.Forexample,onJuly4,2021,theShenzhou-12crewsuccessfullycompletedallthescheduledtasksduringtheexitactivity,whichlastedaboutsevenhours.1Completethequizandfindouthowmuchyouknowaboutspaceexploration.Trytoguessifyouarenotsureoftheanswers.Understandingideas1ThefirstsatellitewaslaunchedbytheUSSRin_______.

a1945b1962

c19572Thefirstpersoninspacewas_______.

aRobertCrippen

bYuriGagarin

cNeilArmstrong3Thefirstpersontowalkinspacewas_______.

aAlexeiLeonovbWilliamMcCool

cYangLiwei4ThefirstspacestationwasSalyut1,whichwaslaunchedby_______.

atheUSAbtheUSSRctheEuropeanSpaceAgency5Thefirstspacecrafttoleavethesolarsystemwas_______.

a

Vostok1b

Discovery

c

Voyager12Lookatthetitleofthepassageandthepicture.Predictwhatthepassageisabout.Nowreadthepassageandcheckyourprediction.TheCalloftheChallenger1

EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon20July1969,peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas,andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.WithArmstrong'snowfamouswords"That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind",whathadoncebeenconsideredimpossiblehadnowbeenachieved.Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents,allthreeastronautsoftheApollo11missionmadeitsafelybacktoEarth.2FollowingtheMoonlandings,spacetravelrapidlybecameunexceptionaltothepublic,asinnovationssucceededeachother.Bytheearly1980s,thegreatrocketspreviouslyusedintheAmericanspaceprogrammehadbeenreplacedbythespaceshuttle.WhentheChallengerspaceshuttletookoffon28January1986,theworldseemedtohavelostitswonderattheamazingachievementsoftheastronautsinvolved.Butthiswasgoingtobenoordinaryexcursion,andmillionsofpeopletunedintowitnessthetake-offonTV.ItwasspecialbecauseChristaMcAuliffeaged37,anordinaryteacherandmother,wasabouttobecomethefirstcivilianinspace.Sheplannedtogivetwo15-minutelessonsfromorbit:thefirsttodemonstratethecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainhowgravityworked,andthesecondtodescribetheobjectivesoftheChallengerprogramme.Christahopedtocommunicateasenseofexcitementandrekindleinterestinthespaceprogramme.Withtheeyesofstudentsacrossthenationuponher,shemighthaveinspiredanentirelynewgenerationofastronautsandspacescientists.3

Tragically,sheneverreturnedtoherclassroomastheshuttleexplodedjustoveraminuteaftertakingoffinFlorida,andallsevenastronautsonboardwerekilled.Theworldwentintoshock,mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.Howwrongtheyhadbeen!Instantaneously,excitementandoptimismturnedintoterrorandfailure.Itwasthemostdisastrousspaceaccidentever,anditcastashadowonpeople'shearts.4"Icanrememberthatdaysoclearly,watchingthetake-offonTVatschool,"saidonestudent."TherewasanordinaryteacherontheChallenger,andwewereallveryexcited.Wedidn'thavemuchpatiencewaitingforthelaunch.Wehadseenthesmilingfacesoftheastronautswavingtotheworldastheysteppedintotheshuttle.Then,littlemorethanaminuteaftertake-off,wesawastrangeredandorangelightinthesky,followedbyacloudofwhitesmoke.TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid-airandweallstartedscreaming."5

FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster,spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated,andsomeoftheshuttle'scomponentswereredesigned.Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue,andon29September1988,thespaceshuttleprogrammeresumedwiththesuccessfullaunchofDiscovery.6

Ithasnowbeenover30yearssincethelossofChallengerandalthoughthelivesofitscrewwerecuttragicallyshort,theytaketheirplacealongsidetheotherheroesofspaceexploration,suchasGagarin,Tereshkova,ArmstrongandYangLiwei.Thememoryofthosesevenwillliveforever,writteninthestars,inspiringustojointheminhumanity'sgreatestjourneyofexplorationanddiscovery.ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous,remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars,nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.Readthepassageanddivideitintoparts,thensummarisethemainideaofeachpart.Part1Paragraphs1~2ThattheChallengersuccessfullylaunchedhadapositiveeffectonpeople.Part2Paragraphs3~5ThedisasteroftheChallengercastashadowonspaceexploration.

Part3Paragraph6Thespaceprogramwillcontinuedespitethedisasterof

theChallenger.Choosetheideasmentionedinthepassageandfindtheevidence.31Peoplethoughtspacetravelwasnolongerdangerous.2Christawouldhaveinspiredlotsofpeopleifshehadn’tlostherlifeonboardtheChallenger.3Peopleweredeterminedtocontinuewiththespaceprogrammeafterthedisaster.4Thedisasterprovedweshoulduserobotstoexplorespaceinsteadofpeople.5Theshuttlewasnotreliableandshouldnothavebeenused.EVIDENCE1Para.2:FollowingtheMoonlandings,spacetravelrapidlybecameunexceptionaltothepublic,asinnovationssucceededeachother.2Para.2:Christahopedtocommunicateasenseofexcitementandrekindleinterestinthespaceprogramme.Withtheeyesofstudentsacrossthenationuponher,shemighthaveinspiredanentirelynewgenerationofastronautsandspacescientists.3Para.5:Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue,andon29September1988,thespaceshuttleprogrammeresumedwiththesuccessfullaunchofDiscovery.Para.6:Thememoryofthosesevenwillliveforever,writteninthestars,inspiringustojointheminhumanity'sgreatestjourneyofexplorationanddiscovery.ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous,remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars,nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethefactfile.4Answers:128January19862sevenastronautsItwasspecialbecauseChristaMcAuliffeaged37,anordinaryteacherandmother,wasabouttobecomethefirstcivilianinspace.Sheplannedtogivetwo15-minutelessonsfromorbit:thefirsttodemonstratethecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainhowgravityworked,andthesecondtodescribetheobjectivesoftheChallengerprogramme.Spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated,andsomeoftheshuttle’scomponentswereredesigned.DiscoveryfollowedtheChallenger,andwaslaunchedon29September1988.NowtalkaboutwhatyoucanlearnfromtheChallengerdisaster.1Whatwerepeople’sfeelingsbeforeandaftertheChallengerdisaster?Findevidenceinthepassagetosupportyouranswer.2Doyouknowofanyotherdisastersthathaveoccurredwhileexploringspace?Shareonewiththeclass.Whydoyouthinkpeoplecontinuetoexplorespacedespitetherisks?3Wouldyouliketogointospace?Giveyourreasons.4Whatlanguageinthepassagecouldyouusetodescribeothereventsinspaceexploration?Think&Share1Whatwerepeople’sfeelingsbeforeandaftertheChallengerdisaster?Findevidenceinthepassagetosupportyouranswer.2Doyouknowofanyotherdisastersthathaveoccurredwhileexploringspace?Shareonewiththeclass.Whydoyouthinkpeoplecontinuetoexplorespacedespitetherisks?3Wouldyouliketogointospace?Giveyourreasons.4Whatlanguageinthepassagecouldyouusetodescribeothereventsinspaceexploration?BeforetheChallengerdisaster,peoplefeltoptimisticandwereveryexcitedtowatchthetake-offonTV.Theybecameshockedandscaredafterthedisaster.1.EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon20July1969,peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.

自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以來(lái)，人們已習(xí)慣于太空旅行這個(gè)概念。(1)Eversince引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

(2)setfooton進(jìn)入，到達(dá)e.g.TheexplorersfailedtosetfootonthelandofAntarcticaduetoextremeweather.由于極端天氣，探險(xiǎn)者未能踏上南極大陸。Languagepoints【詞語(yǔ)辨析】setfootin和setfooton用法類似，只不過(guò)介詞in強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)入某個(gè)空間，介詞on強(qiáng)調(diào)踏上某個(gè)物體的表面。e.g.Shesaidshewouldneversetfootinthathouseagain.

她說(shuō)她再也不會(huì)踏入那所房子了。(3)becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于；對(duì)……變得習(xí)以為常e.g.Wehavebecomeaccustomedtohiswayofspeaking.

我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了他說(shuō)話的方式。2.Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas,andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.

數(shù)百萬(wàn)人在黑白電視機(jī)前觀看了首次登月，為此激動(dòng)得心都跳到了嗓子眼兒，因?yàn)榇蠹叶济靼走@是一項(xiàng)多么艱巨、多么危險(xiǎn)的任務(wù)，許多地方都可能出錯(cuò)。

本句的主干部分是Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas,andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong這部分是形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。and是表示并列關(guān)系，而且后面省略了形容詞aware。3.WithArmstrong'snowfamouswords"That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind",whathadoncebeenconsideredimpossiblehadnowbeenachieved.

伴隨著阿姆斯特朗說(shuō)出那句名言——“這是個(gè)人的一小步，卻是人類的一大步”，曾被認(rèn)為是不可能的事情如今已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。(1)"That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind"為famouswords的同位語(yǔ)從句；(2)what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。4.Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents,allthreeastronautsoftheApollo11missionmadeitsafelybacktoEarth.

執(zhí)行“阿波羅11”號(hào)任務(wù)的三位宇航員在一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的指導(dǎo)下都安全返回地球，這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)不如當(dāng)今普通學(xué)校的學(xué)生使用的計(jì)算機(jī)功能強(qiáng)大。

Guidedbyacomputer...schoolstudents為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；thatwasmuchless...schoolstudents為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞computer；usedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾theones。5.FollowingtheMoonlandings,spacetravelrapidlybecameunexceptionaltothepublic,asinnovationssucceededeachother.

登月后，隨著新事物接連出現(xiàn)，宇宙航行迅速成為公眾眼中的尋常之事。

(1)followingtheMoonlandings置于句首，是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。(2)本句中的unexceptional意為“平常的”，與ordinary是近義詞。

e.g.Nowadays,travellingabroadisunexceptionaltosomepeopleasthetransporthasbecomemoreconvenient.

如今，出國(guó)旅行對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說(shuō)很平常，因?yàn)榻煌ㄗ兊酶颖憬萘恕＃?3)as意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.

外面在下雨，你最好坐出租車。6.Christahopedtocommunicateasenseofexcitementandrekindleinterestinthespaceprogramme.

克里斯塔希望借此傳達(dá)她的激動(dòng)之情，重新燃起人們對(duì)太空計(jì)劃的興趣。

(1)本句中的communicate為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“表達(dá)，傳達(dá)（思想和感情）”。

e.g.Asanactor,hecouldcommunicateawholerangeofemotions.

作為一名演員，他能表達(dá)各種情感。(2)rekindle意為“重新激起，重新喚起”。

e.g.Thepicturesonthewallrekindledmanymemories.

墻上的這些畫重新喚起許多記憶。7.Theworldwentintoshock,mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.

全世界都震驚了，大多數(shù)人本以為這次太空航行不會(huì)比乘飛機(jī)旅行更加危險(xiǎn)。本句中的mostpeoplehavingassumedthat..為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中常用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況等。

e.g.Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.

開完會(huì)后，我們都回家了。

Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutsidetomorrow.

如果天氣允許的話，我們明天就出去。8.Itwasthemostdisastrousspaceaccidentever,anditcastashadowonpeople'shearts.

這是有史以來(lái)最慘烈的航天事故，給人們心里蒙上了陰影。castashadowon/over...給……蒙上陰影；在……上投下影子e.g.Theship'ssailcastashadowonthewater.船帆在水面上投下一片影子。9.FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster,spac