南陽市2021-2022學年高二下學期期末英語試題（解析版）

南陽市2022年春期高中二年級期終質(zhì)量評估英語試題注：本試卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分。共150分，考試時間120分鐘?？忌鞔饡r，將答案答在答題卡上（答題注意事項見答題卡），在本試題卷上答題無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷（選擇題，共100分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Anexploration.C.Afilm.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?AGetonaplane.B.Getoffatrain.C.Buyaticket.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Thehotelisclosed.B.Thehotelischeap.C.Thehotelisnotavailable.4.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inthestreet.C.Inacinema.5.Howdidthemangetout?A.Throughthewindow.B.Usingthekey.C.Usingtheladder.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題0.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothlateforschool.B.Theybothdon’tliketheirwatches.C.Theirwatchesdon’tworkproperly.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Repairherwatch.B.Buyanewwatch.C.Continuetouseherwatch.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatwillthespeakersdoprobably?A.WriteaboutCostaRica.B.GotoCostaRica.C.VisittheParkinsons.9.What’stheweatherlikeinCostaRica?A.Hot.B.Mild.C.Rainy.10.WhatismoreexpensiveinCostaRicathanthatintheUK?A.Clothing.B.Jewelry.C.Gold.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthemandointhepast?A.Heplayedcomputergamesalot.B.Hewasreadytohelpothers.C.Hewasinterestedinwriting.12.Whochangedtheman?A.Hisparents.B.Hisfriends.C.Thetwosisters.13.Whatconclusiondoesthemandraw?A.Dosomethingforthenextgeneration.B.Workhardforabrightfuture.C.Protecthisbodyfortheenvironment.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whereistheman’smothernow?A.Athome.B.InthehospitalC.Inthenursinghome.15.Whenwillthemanbebacktowork?A.Oneweeklater.B.Twoweekslater.C.Onemonthlater.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Hireaperson.B.ComebacktoworkC.Goonatrip.17.Whatistherelationshipofthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Neighbors.C.Colleagues.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhichseasonisthelongestinHaikou?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.19.Whenarestormsandtyphoonsthemostactive?A.FromApriltoOctober.B.FromMaytoOctober.C.FromApriltoSeptember.20.WhichmonthisthebesttimetovisitHaikou?A.December.B.August.C.May第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中,選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。AMusicisuniversal.Takeamomenttothinkaboutwhatmusicyoulikeasyoureadourbeginner’sguidetothehistoryofmusic.MiddleAgesTheMiddleAges,whichrangesfromthe6thcenturytothe16thcentury,featuredmedieval(中世紀的)music.Duringthistime,thereweretwogeneraltypesofmusicstyles--themonophonicandthepolyphonic.ThemainformsofmusicincludedGregorianchantingandplainchant.ClassicalPeriodThemusicformsandstylesoftheClassicalperiod,whichrangesfrom1750to1820,arecharacterizedbysimplermelodies(旋律)andformslikethesonatas.Duringthistime,themiddleclasshadmoreaccesstomusic.Socomposersbegantocreatemusicthatwaseasiertounderstand.Mostespecially,MozartwrotehisfirstsymphonyandBeethovenwasbornduringthisperiod.RomanticPeriodHistoriographersdefinetheRomanticmusicperiodtobefrom1800to1900.MusicformsoftheRomanticperiodusedmusictotellastoryorexpressanidea.Variousinstrumentsincludingwindinstrumentswereused.Instrumentsthatwereinventedorimprovedduringthistimeincludedthefluteandthesaxophone.The20thCenturyMusicduringthe20thcenturybroughtaboutmanyinnovationsonhowmusicwasperformedandappreciated.Artistsweremorewillingtoexperimentwithnewmusicformsandusedtechnologytoimprovetheircompositions.The20thcenturymusichasvariousstyles.1.InwhichperiodcanMozart’scompositionbefound?A.MiddleAges. B.Classicalperiod.C.Romanticperiod. D.The20thcentury.2.WhatcanweknowaboutmusicfromtheRomanticperiod?A.Ithadahistoryof70years.B.Musiciansonlyusedwindinstruments.C.Musicwasrelatedtoastoryoranidea.D.Itwashardertounderstandthemusicformsduringthisperiod.3.Howdidartistsimprovetheirmusicduringthe20thcentury?A.Byinventingnewinstruments. B.Bypracticingnewmusicstyles.C.Bywritingcomplexcompositions. D.Bystudyingadvancedtechnology.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個不同歷史時期的音樂?！驹斀狻?.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ClassicalPeriod部分最后一句“Mostespecially,MozartwrotehisfirstsymphonyandBeethovenwasbornduringthisperiod.(尤其是莫扎特寫了他的第一部交響曲，貝多芬就是在這個時期誕生的。)”可知，ClassicalPeriod這一時期可以找到莫扎特的作品。故選B。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章RomanticPeriod部分第二句“MusicformsoftheRomanticperiodusedmusictotellastoryorexpressanidea.(浪漫主義時期的音樂形式用音樂來講故事或表達思想。)”可知，浪漫主義時期，音樂用來講述故事或者表達觀點。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章The20thCentury部分第二句“Artistsweremorewillingtoexperimentwithnewmusicformsandusedtechnologytoimprovetheircompositions.(藝術(shù)家們更愿意嘗試新的音樂形式，并運用技術(shù)來改進他們的作品。)”可知，在20世紀，藝術(shù)家通過嘗試新的音樂風格來改進音樂。故選B。BAsecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrezfrombringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombianchildren.Gutierrezstartedrescuingbooksfromthetrashalmost20yearsago.Hewasdrivingagarbagetruckatnightthroughthecountry’swealthierneighborhoods.Thediscarded(丟棄的)readingmaterialslowlypiledup.Andnowthegroundfloorofhissmallhouseisamakeshift(臨時的)communitylibrarywithabout20,000booksrangingfromchemistrytextbookstochildren’sclassics.Hesaysbooksareluxuries(奢侈品)forboysandgirlsinlow-incomeneighborhoodssuchashis.Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensive.Thereare19publiclibrariesinBogota.Itisacityof8.5millionpeople.Butthelibrariestendtobelocatedfarawayfrompoorerareas.“Thisshouldbeineachcornerofeveryneighborhood,inallthetownsandalltheruralareas,”saysGutierrez.“Booksarethepoorchildren’slifesavers.AndthatiswhatColombianeeds.”The53-year-oldGutierrezhasaloveofreadingthathesayscomesfromhismother.Shealwaysreadtohimeventhoughshewastoopoortokeephiminschool.UptonowhehastraveledtobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosharehisexperienceofstartingalibrarywithdiscardedreadingmaterial.AndhisfameasColombia’s“LordoftheBooks”hasalsobroughthimthousandsofdonatedbooks.GutierrezisanenthusiasticreaderofworksbyauthorssuchasLeoTolstoy,VictorHugoandMarioVargasLlosa.Hesayshedoesnotrejecttechnologythatallowsbookstobereaddigitally.Buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordonpaper.“Thereisnothingmorebeautifulthanhavingabookinyourpocket,inyourbagorinsideyourcar.”hesays.4.WhatdoweknowaboutJoseGutierrezfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hewasfondofreading. B.Hewaspoorlyeducated.C.Hewasdevotedtothepoor. D.Hewasagainstdiscardingbooks.5.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Booksarevitaltochildreninpoorareas.B.Thedistributionofpubliclibrariesisveryuneven.C.Childreninpoorareasareindesperateneedofbooks.D.Thereisaseriousshortageofbookstoresinpoorareas.6.WhyhavepeopledonatedsomanybookstoGutierrez?A.Becauseheiswellknown. B.Becauseheisagreattraveler.C.Becauseofhisloveforreading. D.Becauseoftheinfluenceofhismother.7.WhatisGutierrez’sattitudetowardsdigitalbooks?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Interested. D.Tolerant.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了哥倫比亞一個拾荒者將近20年來撿拾人們所丟棄的圖書，為貧困地區(qū)兒童建立圖書館的故事?！驹斀狻?.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrezfrombringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombianchildren.(二年級的教育并沒有阻止垃圾收集者JoseGutierrez把閱讀的禮物帶給成千上萬的哥倫比亞兒童。)”可知，拾荒者JoseGutierrez僅僅受過二年級的教育，因此他是一個沒有接受良好教育的人。故選B。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Hesaysbooksareluxuries(奢侈品)forboysandgirlsinlow-incomeneighborhoodssuchashis.Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensive.Thereare19publiclibrariesinBogota.Itisacityof8.5millionpeople.Butthelibrariestendtobelocatedfarawayfrompoorerareas.“Thisshouldbeineachcornerofeveryneighborhood,inallthetownsandalltheruralareas,”saysGutierrez.“Booksarethepoorchildren’slifesavers.AndthatiswhatColombianeeds.”(他說，對于像他這樣的低收入社區(qū)的男孩和女孩來說，書籍是奢侈品。書店里新的閱讀材料太貴了。波哥大有19家公共圖書館。這是一個擁有850萬人口的城市。但是圖書館往往位于遠離貧困地區(qū)的地方?！斑@應該在每個社區(qū)的每個角落，在所有的城鎮(zhèn)和所有的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，”Gutierrez說。“書籍是窮孩子的救命稻草。這正是哥倫比亞所需要的?！?可知，第二段的主旨大意是哥倫比亞貧困地區(qū)的兒童急需書籍。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“AndhisfameasColombia’s“LordoftheBooks”hasalsobroughthimthousandsofdonatedbooks.(到目前為止，他已經(jīng)前往墨西哥和智利的書展，分享他的經(jīng)驗，開始一個圖書館與廢棄的閱讀材料。他作為哥倫比亞“書籍之王”的名聲也為他帶來了數(shù)千本捐贈的書籍。)”可知，人們給他捐獻了很多的圖書，這是因為他很出名。故選A。4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句“Hesayshedoesnotrejecttechnologythatallowsbookstobereaddigitally.Buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordonpaper.(他表示，他并不排斥允許電子閱讀的技術(shù)。但他更喜歡讀紙上的印刷字。)”可知，雖然他更喜歡紙質(zhì)的圖書，但也不反對電子圖書。也就是說，他對電子圖書持有包容的態(tài)度。故選D。CFormorethan5,000years,chopstickshavebeenthepreferreddiningutensil(用具)ofasizableswathofhumanity.Nowadays,aroundathirdoftheglobalpopulationuseschopsticksdaily.Thisisbothafactoflifeandtheseimplementsareoftensingle-use,aseriousenvironmentalproblem.Everyyear,around80billionpairsfindtheirwaytolandfills.“InVancouveralone,we’rethrowingout100,000chopsticksaday,”saysFelixB?ck,founderoftheVancouver-basedstartupChopValue.“They’retraveling6,000or7,000milesfromwherethey’remanufacturedinAsiatoenduponourlunchtablefor30minutes.”Since2016,B?ckhasbeenonamissiontorethinkdisposablechopsticks.Ratherthantrytoeliminatethem,theengineerhasbeenbuildingacirculareconomybygivingthemasecondlife.IntheirhomebaseofVancouver,companystaffpickuparound350,000usedchopsticksfrom300-plusrestaurantseveryweek,allofwhichbecomebookshelves,cuttingboards,coasters,desks,andcustomdecorations.AccordingtoB?ck,thestartuphassavedmorethan50millionpairsofchopsticksfromlandfillssinceitslaunch.“Onceyouseethevolume,youthinkmaybethatlittlehumblechopstickcanbethestartofsomethingbig,”B?cksays.“Myexpertiseisinbamboo,soIalwayslookedatchopsticksdifferently.IusedtojoketomyfriendsthatIwouldmakesomethingoutofchopsticks,sincemostoftheonesweuseinNorthAmericaaremadeofbamboo.”Chopsticksarefarfromtheonlydisposablediningimplementtocomeunderscrutinyinrecentyears.Fromplasticstrawstopolystyrenetakeoutcontainers,manycomponentsofourfoodcyclesacrificeenvironmentalimpactforconvenience.“Ithinkchangestartssmall,andchangecanbeaveryrelatablethingthatweallknowfromdailylife,”B?cksays.“Rightnow,we’refocusingonthechopstickbecauseit’saverypowerfulstory.”8.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theexcessiveuseofthedisposablechopstickscancauseaseriousenvironmentalproblem.B.Usingchopstickspresentsathreateningenvironmentalissue.C.Chopsticksaren’tpreferreddiningtoolforpeopleuntilnowadays.D.Chopstickscan’tbeusedmanytimes.9.WhatdoesB?ckdowiththedisposablechopsticks?A.Todestroythem B.Torecyclethem.C.Todecoratethem. D.Toresellthem.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“eliminate”inthethirdparagraph?A.knockout B.killoffC.throwout D.removecompletely11.Wherecanyoufindthepassage?A.Abookreview. B.Amedicaljournal.C.Anenvironmentalmagazine. D.Abiography.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要說明ChopValue公司創(chuàng)始人FelixB?ck和他的員工從溫哥華的許多餐館回收用過的一次性筷子，用這些筷子制造了各種產(chǎn)品，包括書架、砧板、杯墊、桌子和定制裝飾品，賦予了筷子第二次生命，為環(huán)保事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Nowadays,aroundathirdoftheglobalpopulationuseschopsticksdaily.Thisisbothafactoflifeandtheseimplementsareoftensingle-use,aseriousenvironmentalproblem.(如今，全球約三分之一的人口每天使用筷子。這是生活的事實，而且這些工具通常是一次性的，是一個嚴重的環(huán)境問題。)”可知，全球那么多人使用一次性的筷子，會造成了嚴重的環(huán)境問題。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Ratherthantrytoeliminatethem,theengineerhasbeenbuildingacirculareconomybygivingthemasecondlife.(工程師不是試圖消除它們，而是通過賦予它們第二次生命來構(gòu)建循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。)”可知，B?ck賦予使用過的一次性筷子以新的生命，筷子被回收再利用。故選B項?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Everyyear,around80billionpairsfindtheirwaytolandfills.(每年，大約有800億雙筷子進入垃圾填埋場。)”可知，一次性的筷子在用過后都被丟棄了，第三段第一句“Since2016,B?ckhasbeenonamissiontorethinkdisposablechopsticks.(自2016年以來，B?ck一直在重新考慮一次性筷子。)”可知，該公司在考慮這些被丟棄的一次性筷子的處理方法；第二句“Ratherthantrytoeliminatethem,theengineerhasbeenbuildingacirculareconomybygivingthemasecondlife.(工程師不是試圖eliminate它們，而是通過賦予它們第二次生命來構(gòu)建循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。)”可知，這些筷子又被作他用，根據(jù)句中的ratherthan，可知givingthemasecondlife應與劃線詞eliminate相對，結(jié)合句意，eliminate意為“使消失、剔除”。A.knockout淘汰，出局；B.killoff消滅，把……一個接一個地殺死；C.throwout扔掉；D.removecompletely完全移除。eliminate與removecompletely同義。故選D項?！?1題詳解】文章主旨題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Thisisbothafactoflifeandtheseimplementsareoftensingle-use,aseriousenvironmentalproblem.(這是生活的事實，而且這些工具通常是一次性的，是一個嚴重的環(huán)境問題。)”，以及最后第二段“Chopsticksarefarfromtheonlydisposablediningimplementtocomeunderscrutinyinrecentyears.Fromplasticstrawstopolystyrenetakeoutcontainers,manycomponentsofourfoodcyclesacrificeenvironmentalimpactforconvenience.(近年來，筷子遠不是唯一受到審查的一次性用餐工具。從塑料吸管到聚苯乙烯外賣容器，我們食物循環(huán)的許多組成部分為了方便而犧牲了對環(huán)境的影響。)”以及本文主要說明ChopValue公司創(chuàng)始人FelixB?ck和他的員工從溫哥華的許多餐館回收用過的一次性筷子，用這些筷子制造了各種產(chǎn)品，包括書架、砧板、杯墊、桌子和定制裝飾品，賦予了筷子第二次生命，為環(huán)保事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻可知，本文主題為“一次性筷子的環(huán)保處理”，是一篇關于環(huán)保話題的文章。故選C項。DUsingAItomanagecustomerserviceisatrendthatwewillincreasinglyseemoreof.However,that’snottobeconfusedwithcompletelyreplacinghumaninteractionwhenitcomestocustomerservice.Sowhatdoesthatmean?DoesitmeantheworldofCSwillsoonbeoverrunbyrobots?Infact,allcustomerserviceinteractionshavetwoaxes(軸):emotionandurgency.NewAItoolsarerapidlyemerginginthesupportspacethatcanaddresshigh-urgencysituationsquickly,butwhenitcomestohigh-emotionsituations,noAIcandealwiththemsuccessfully.Arobotmightbeabletorecognizeyou’retryingtocheckinforaflightthatwasrecentlycanceled,buttheemotionalaxisisentirelyun-programmable.Perhapstheflyerhasincreasinglyhighemotionsaroundtheflightbeingcanceledbecausesheisflyingtoabusinessmeetingforanimportantoccasion.Instanceslikethis,regardlessofhowsmallorlargethecaseis,cancreatehigh-stressmomentsforthecustomer.Onlyapersoncancomprehendthedifference.High-stressmomentsaretheonesthatstickwithcustomersforever,soit’simportanttohaveaplaninplace.WhatseparatesthebestcompaniesisakeensensefordeterminingwhichcustomerservicefunctionsAIcanhandleonitsownandwhichcasesneedtobehandledbyahumanwithAIassistance.Forinquiriesthatarehighonemotion,there’snosubstituteforthepersonaltouchofahuman.Passengerswhoseluggageislostaregoingtoseekoutanemployeetohelpthemlocatetheirbag.AlthoughAIcanbeusedtolocatethatbag,it’stooemotionalofaninteractiontoremovethehumanelement.TheconversationaroundAInowistoofocusedonthequestionofhowAIcanreplaceagentinteraction,whichismissingthepoint.TheaimofAIshouldn’tbetoreplacehumaninteraction,buttoimprovehumaninteraction.Thequestionfromherewon’tbehowfarwecanpushAI,buthowwecanuseourimaginationtocontinuereinventingtheproblem-solvingprocess.12.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Alead-in. B.Asummary. C.Acomment. D.Abackground.13.WhatadvantagedoesarealpersonhaveoverAItools?A.Hecanbalanceemotionandurgency.B.Hecanunderstandcustomers’feelingswell.C.Hecanhandleurgencymorequickly.D.Hecantellthedifferenceofvariousemotions.14.Whyshouldcompanieshaveaplanforhigh-stressmoments?A.High-stressmomentsareveryimportantforcustomers.B.High-stressmomentsrequiremoreAItools.C.High-stressmomentsareunforgettableforcustomers.D.High-stressmomentsareignoredbymostcompanies.15.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A.TrytoinventmorenewAItools. B.ReplacehumanswithnewAItools.C.Payattentiontoproblem-solving. D.Avoidmakingtroubleforcustomers.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。主要就在客戶服務行業(yè)，人工智能是否會取代人類這一問題進行了討論?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,that’snottobeconfusedwithcompletelyreplacinghumaninteractionwhenitcomestocustomerservice.Sowhatdoesthatmean?DoesitmeantheworldofCSwillsoonbeoverrunbyrobots?(然而，當涉及到客戶服務時，不要將其與完全取代人機交互相混淆。那是什么意思？這是否意味著CS的世界將很快被機器人占領？)”可知，本段通過提出問題，引入本文討論的話題，所以第一段的作用是導入。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“NewAItoolsarerapidlyemerginginthesupportspacethatcanaddresshigh-urgencysituationsquickly,butwhenitcomestohigh-emotionsituations,noAIcandealwiththemsuccessfully.(新的人工智能工具正迅速出現(xiàn)在支持領域，可以快速解決高度緊急的情況，但當涉及到高度情緒化的情況時，沒有人工智能能夠成功地處理它們)”以及“Instanceslikethis,regardlessofhowsmallorlargethecaseis,cancreatehigh-stressmomentsforthecustomer.Onlyapersoncancomprehendthedifference.(像這樣的情況，無論案件大小，都可能給客戶帶來高壓力時刻。只有人才能理解其中的區(qū)別)”可知，與人工智能相比較，人類所具備的優(yōu)勢是當涉及高情緒情況時，只有人類才能很好地理解顧客的情感。故選B項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“High-stressmomentsaretheonesthatstickwithcustomersforever,soit’simportanttohaveaplaninplace.(高壓力時刻是客戶永遠無法擺脫的時刻，因此制定一個計劃很重要)”可知，公司為高壓力時刻制定計劃很重要，是因為高壓力時刻對于客戶而言是難以忘記的。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thequestionfromherewon’tbehowfarwecanpushAI,buthowwecanuseourimaginationtocontinuereinventingtheproblem-solvingprocess.(現(xiàn)在的問題不是我們能把人工智能推進多遠，而是我們?nèi)绾卫梦覀兊南胂罅^續(xù)改良解決問題的過程)”可知，現(xiàn)在的問題是我們?nèi)绾卫孟胂罅^續(xù)改良解決問題的過程，所以作者建議我們注重解決問題。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中兩項為多余選項。Duringwinter,whenitiscoldandfreezingoutside,allwewanttodoisstaywrappedupinourblanketsandremaininbed.____16____Duringtimeslikethese,onemightenvyanimalslikebears,whodozethroughthecoldestseasonandwakeupfreshinthespring.Buthowdotheygowithoutfoodforsuchalongtime?____17____Becauseofterribleweatherandshortagesoffood,certainanimalshibernate(冬眠)tosaveenergyandsurvive.Hibernationinvolvesasignificantslowdownofthemetabolism(新陳代謝)andadropinbodytemperature.Reducingtheirmetabolismallowstheseanimalstoconserveenergyduringthoselongcoldmonths.Tounderstandtheneedforhibernation,wefirstmustunderstandthedifferencebetweenendothermicandectothermicorganisms.Ectothermsarethoseanimalswhosebodytemperaturesdependonthesurroundingtemperature.____18____Usually,theyhaveabodytemperaturethatchangeswiththetemperatureoftheirenvironment.Theydependonthingslikesunlightorthesurfaceofheatedrockstowarmup.____19____Theyarealsoknownas“cold-blooded”animals,whichincludefish,amphibians,andreptiles.Onthecontrary,endothermscanregulatetheirownbodytemperaturebygeneratinginternalheat.Theyarecapableofmaintainingtheirphysiologicalbodytemperatureinastablerange,regardlessofthechangesintheenvironment.Endothermsadjusttheirmetabolicheatproductionandinsulationtostaywarm,whereasduringhotweather,theysweattocooldown.Endothermsarecapableofmaintainingasteadytemperatureascomparedtotheirchangingsurroundings.Theyarecalled“warm-blooded”animals,andincludemammalsandbirds.____20____A.Conversely,theyseekshadetocooldown.B.Acupofnoodlesorhotchocolatealsohelps.C.Mostanimalsusuallytrytogainasmuchweightastheycanbeforetheyhibernate.D.Hibernationisanenergy-savingadaptationtoprotectagainstunpleasantconditions.E.Thus,manyanimalshibernatetosaveenergyandsurvivethesebadwinterconditions.F.Metabolismistheprocessthroughwhichourbodychangesthefoodweeatintoenergy.G.Thismeansthattheydependontheirexternalenvironmenttoregulatetheirbodytemperature.【答案】16.B17.D18.G19.A20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了動物冬眠的概念以及具體的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Duringwinter,whenitiscoldandfreezingoutside,allwewanttodoisstaywrappedupinourblanketsandremaininbed.(在冬天，當外面很冷的時候，我們想做的就是裹著毯子躺在床上。)”可知，下一句是對上一句補充說明，說明冬季特別冷的時候人類可以做的事。B項“Acupofnoodlesorhotchocolatealsohelps.(一杯面條或熱巧克力也有幫助。)”符合語境。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)此段下文關鍵句“Hibernationinvolvesasignificantslowdownofthemetabolism(新陳代謝)andadropinbodytemperature.(冬眠意味著新陳代謝的顯著減緩和體溫的下降。)”可知，此段主要在講什么是冬眠及其好處。D項“Hibernationisanenergy-savingadaptationtoprotectagainstunpleasantconditions.(冬眠是一種節(jié)約能源的適應方式，以抵御不愉快的環(huán)境。)”在介紹冬眠的概念，符合語境。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Ectothermsarethoseanimalswhosebodytemperaturesdependonthesurroundingtemperature.(變溫動物是指體溫取決于環(huán)境溫度的動物。)”和下句“Usually,theyhaveabodytemperaturethatchangeswiththetemperatureoftheirenvironment.(通常，它們的體溫會隨著環(huán)境溫度的變化而變化。)”可知，變溫動物的體溫隨著環(huán)境溫度的變化而變化。G項“Thismeansthattheydependontheirexternalenvironmenttoregulatetheirbodytemperature.(這意味著它們依靠外部環(huán)境來調(diào)節(jié)體溫。)”承上啟下，同時G項中的“bodytemperature”與上下句中的“bodytemperatures”呼應。故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Usually,theyhaveabodytemperaturethatchangeswiththetemperatureoftheirenvironment.Theydependonthingslikesunlightorthesurfaceofheatedrockstowarmup.(通常，它們的體溫會隨著環(huán)境溫度的變化而變化。它們依靠陽光或加熱的巖石表面來升溫。)”可知，變溫動物的體溫隨著環(huán)境溫度的變化而變化，上文講變溫動物如何升溫，可得出講下文會介紹變溫動物如何降溫。A項“Conversely,theyseekshadetocooldown.(相反，它們尋找陰涼的地方降溫。)”與上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選A?！?0題詳解】此處位于句末以及文章最后一句，起總結(jié)作用，E項“Thus,manyanimalshibernatetosaveenergyandsurvivethesebadwinterconditions.(因此，許多動物冬眠是為了節(jié)省能量并在惡劣的冬季條件下生存。)”對全文進行總結(jié)。故選E。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ryderwasbornwithaseriousillnessandhasneverbeenabletowalk.Whenhestartedattendingpreschool,hehadtobe____21____totheendoftheroadinthe____22____towaitforhisschoolbusbyhisparentseveryday.AsRyderwasunableto____23____forthisbusifhewasrunninglatelikehisschoolmates,hewouldhaveto____24____forupto15minutesoutinwhatever____25____therewas.Althoughhisfatherhad____26____apatio(露臺)umbrellaattheendofhisdrivewaytoprovidesome____27____fromharshweather,hestillwouldgetwetandnotstay____28____.Thenhisfather____29____toreachouttotheircommunitytoseeifanyonehadanythingthatwouldworkto____30____Ryder.HeplacedapostonFacebooklookingtoseeifoneofhisfriendsmighthaveanoldbus____31____.Afterthepost,hewasadvisedtoreachouttothe____32____classatWesterlyHigh.HesentDanMcKena,whohadbeenteachingconstructiontechnologyatWesterlyHighSchool,anemailaskingifhe’dbe____33____inthiskindofproject.Delightfully,Dan____34____withan“absolutely”andthenheworkedhardontheprojectwithhisstudentsfor____35____weeks,learningnewskillsthroughYouTubeastheybuiltthehut.Meanwhile,afterhearingabouthisproblem,HomeDepot____36____about$300worthofwoodfortheproject.Thehutmadeofwoodwas____37____enoughtoshelterbothRyderandoneofhisparentsoranursecomfortably,andwasfinally____38____tothehomesixweekslater.Now,Ryder____39____iteverydaybeforeschoolandhisparentswaitinsideiteverydaywhiletheyawaithisreturnhome.He____40____thehutanddoesliketogohangoutinitfromtimetotime.21.A.pulled B.walked C.driven D.pushed22.A.car B.wheelchair C.bus D.plane23.A.dance B.skip C.rush D.slip24.A.wait B.stand C.run D.search25.A.circumstance B.situation C.weather D.condition26.A.searchfor B.putup C.takeover D.findout27.A.shelter B.help C.benefit D.delight28.A.cool B.hot C.cold D.warm29.A.decided B.happened C.discovered D.argued30.A.export B.enjoy C.prevent D.protect31.A.umbrella B.home C.hut D.corner32.A.art B.construction C.music D.design33.A.interested B.satisfied C.happy D.depressed34.A.predicted B.interrupted C.delayed D.responded35.A.pleasing B.short C.numerous D.dangerous36.A.donated B.appointed C.sold D.earned37.A.small B.big C.heavy D.light38.A.fixed B.dragged C.delivered D.thrown39.A.drives B.opens C.plays D.uses40.A.hates B.loves C.presses D.misses【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C36.A37.B38.C39.D40.B【解析】【導語】本文為記敘文。文章講述了一位父親為了讓坐輪椅的兒子在路邊等待校車時有更好的遮風避雨的工具，而去尋求幫助的故事?！驹斀狻?.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當他開始上幼兒園的時候，他不得不每天坐在輪椅上被父母推到路的盡頭等校車。A.pulled拉；B.walked走路；C.driven開車；D.pushed推。根據(jù)前一句“hasneverbeenabletowalk”可知他無法走路，只能坐輪椅被父母推著。故選D。

2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當他開始上幼兒園的時候，他不得不每天坐在輪椅上被父母推到路的盡頭等校車。A.car小汽車；B.wheelchair輪椅；C.bus公交車；D.plane飛機。根據(jù)前一句“hasneverbeenabletowalk”可知他無法走路，只能坐輪椅。故選B。3.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果Ryder像他的同學一樣遲到，他就無法趕上這輛公共汽車，所以無論天氣如何，他都要在外面提前等上15分鐘。A.dance跳舞；B.skip跳繩；C.rush跑；沖；D.slip滑倒。由下文“ifhewasrunninglatelikehisschoolmates”和上文提到的他不能走路可知，如果他遲到了，他就無法像其他同學那樣奔跑追趕校車。故選C。4.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果Ryder像他的同學一樣遲到，他就無法趕上這輛公共汽車，所以無論天氣如何，他都要提前在外面等上15分鐘。A.wait等待；B.stand站；C.run跑步；D.search搜尋。由下文“forupto15minutesout”和上文提到的他不能走路可知，因為Ryder無法走路，所以他不能在遲到時跑著去追公共汽車，所以他必須提前到路邊等待校車。故選A。5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果Ryder像他的同學一樣遲到，他就無法趕上這輛公共汽車，所以無論天氣如何，他都要提前在外面等上15分鐘。A.circumstance環(huán)境；B.situation情況；C.weather天氣；D.condition條件。根據(jù)后一句中的“harshweather”可知無論天氣如何，他都要在路邊等待。故選C。6.考查短語詞義辨析。句意：盡管他的父親在他的車道盡頭撐起了一把露臺雨傘，以便在惡劣的天氣中給他提供一些遮擋，但是他仍然會被雨淋濕，無法保暖。A.searchfor尋找；B.putup搭建，支起（帳篷等）；C.takeover接管；D.findout找出。由下文“apatio(露臺)umbrellaattheendofhisdrivewaytoprovidesome_____7____fromharshweather,”可知，Ryder的父親為他支起太陽傘。故選B。7.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他的父親在他的車道盡頭撐起了一把露臺雨傘，以便在惡劣的天氣中給他提供一些遮擋，但是他仍然會被雨淋濕，無法保暖。A.shelter避難所；遮蔽；B.help幫助；C.benefit好處；D.delight高興。根據(jù)下文“fromharshweather”和上文提到的無論天氣如何，他都要在路邊等待，可知他父親支起太陽傘是為了給他遮擋風雨。故選A。8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他的父親在他的車道盡頭撐起了一把露臺雨傘，以便在惡劣的天氣中給他提供一些遮擋，但是他仍然會被雨淋濕，無法保暖。A.cool涼爽的；B.hot熱的；C.cold冷的；D.warm溫暖的。根據(jù)上文“hestillwouldgetwet”可知，他被雨淋濕，無法保暖。故選D。9.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他父親決定聯(lián)系他們的社區(qū)看看他們有什么東西能保護Ryder。A.decided決定；B.happened發(fā)生；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.argued爭辯。由上文“hestillwouldgetwet”和下文“toreachouttotheircommunitytoseeifanyonehadanythingthatwouldworkto____8____Ryder.”可知，雖然有傘，但Ryder還是會被淋濕，所以父親決定尋求其他更好的方式。故選A。10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他父親決定聯(lián)系他們的社區(qū)看看他們