Unit10語(yǔ)法英語(yǔ)-介詞

什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？02Hegoestoschoolbybike（名詞）.04Thebookisonthedesk（名詞）.Heisinterestedin

drawing（動(dòng)名詞）.0301Lookatme（代詞).介詞(preposition簡(jiǎn)寫prep.)又稱作前置詞，通常位于名詞或代詞之前，表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系。介詞的分類表示時(shí)間的介詞表示位置、方位的介詞常用“一詞多用”介詞CONTENTS01020304其他用途的介詞05考點(diǎn)一介詞的分類PART01介詞的分類簡(jiǎn)單介詞短語(yǔ)介詞合成介詞in,on,at,for,by,from,about,with,since,after,before,ago,by,tillwithin,without,inside,outside,into,throughoutbecauseof,insteadof,lookforwardto,inspiteof,accordingto,owingto考點(diǎn)二表示時(shí)間的介詞介詞用法練習(xí)at表示“在某一時(shí)刻”，通常放在時(shí)間點(diǎn)前①

atnoon/night②

inthe21stcentury③inwinter

④onJanuary1st

⑤in2018

⑥inJune⑦onFriday

⑧inthe

morning⑨atseveno’clockon表示“在具體的某一天”in表示“在某個(gè)世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月及泛指的上午、下午、晚上”1.

at,on,in的辨析1.Filltheblankswithproperpreposition.①

onthemorning

ofOctober1st

②

onarainy

afternoon

③

onanevening

withheavysnow

當(dāng)morning、afternoon、evening被其他詞所修飾，表示特指的某一天早、中、晚時(shí)，前面的介詞應(yīng)用on。2.Translation.①下周一我將要去上海。IwillgotoShanghainext

Monday.②你去年去了巴黎嗎？DidyougotoParislast

year?當(dāng)morning、afternoon、evening、Monday（星期）、January（月份）、year、week等名詞前有this、that、last、next等詞修飾時(shí)，其前面的介詞通常省略。介詞用法for后面常接時(shí)間段，表示“一段時(shí)間；動(dòng)作所持續(xù)的時(shí)間”，多與完成時(shí)連用；可用來(lái)回答“howlong”發(fā)起的提問(wèn)in后面常接時(shí)間段，表示“在……之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；可用來(lái)回答“howsoon”發(fā)起的提問(wèn)

since后面常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示“自……以來(lái)（直到現(xiàn)在）”，多與完成時(shí)連用after后面常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示“在……之后”，多用于過(guò)去時(shí)2.for,in,since,after的辨析2.for,in,since,after的辨析①-—Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher？

—（Ihavebeenateacher）for7years.②—Howsoonwillyoufinishthetask？

—（Iwillfinishthetask）inabout2hours.③ShehasstudiedinEnglandsince2017.④Theystarteddancingafter3o’clockp.m.3.before,by,till,until的辨析介詞用法舉例before表示“在……以前”，用于完成時(shí)①He

said

he

had

finished

the

work

three

days

before.

②The

train

leaves

at

8

o’clock,

so

you’d

better

be

there

by

7:50.③The

park

is

open

till

/until5

p.m.by表示“在……以前，不遲于；到……為止”till/until表示“直到……為止”

(

)①—WhenisHenry’sbirthdayparty,Lynn?

—________abouttwoo’clockintheafternoon.

A.InB.AtC.OnD.To

(

)②Shehasbeenill________severaldays.

A.forB.inC.sinceD.after

B即時(shí)鞏固A(

)③Hehasn’theardfromhisson________lastwinter.

A.at B.in C.since D.for

C即時(shí)鞏固考點(diǎn)三表示位置、方位的介詞PART04in表示“在……”，后接較大的地點(diǎn)at表示“在……”，后接較小的地點(diǎn)①He

lives

at

No.27

Zhongshan

street

in

Wuhan.②I’llwaitforyouatthebusstop.belowonunderaboveover①There

is

an

apple

on

the

table.②There

is

a

bridge

over

theChangjiang

river.③They

sat

under

a

big

appletree,

drinking.④Abirdflewaboveourheads.⑤Theshipdisappearedbelowthehorizon.bybesidenearnextto①Abankwasbuiltnearourschool.②Sitdownby/besideme.③Webothlookeddownatthenewspaperbesidehim.④Who’stheboystandingnexttoyou?betweenamongaroundoutside①WhatJackhaddonewasbeyondmycomprehension.②Heidentifiedhisbaggageamonghundredsofothers.③Therearemanytreesandflowersaroundthehouse.④Itfeelscoldoutside.⑤Goinsidethehouse.⑥ThisshipwentbetweenChinaandJapan.insidebeyondinfrontofinthefrontofbehind①Thereisacomputerinthefrontoftheclassroom.②Ariverflowsinfrontofthehouse.③Hesatbehindme.alongacrossthrough①Isawthemrunningtogetheralongtheroadyesterday.②It'ssomuchsafertogetacrosstheroadwithtrafficlights.③Themoonlightpouredinthroughthewindow.【例】Twoplanesareflying________thecity.

A.throughB.onC.overD.below【正確選項(xiàng)】C【考查內(nèi)容】方位介詞over的用法【答題分析】句意：兩架飛機(jī)正在城市上方飛翔。through表示“穿過(guò)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)；

on表示“在……上面”，表面相互接觸；over表示“在……正上方”，二者不接觸；below表示“在……下方，低于……”，故選C項(xiàng)。

(

)①Thestreetistoonarrowforthebustogo________.

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in

(

)②Doyouseethekite________thebuilding?

A.overB.acrossC.onD.above

B即時(shí)鞏固D(

)③Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived________Beijing.

A.at B.on C.in D.to

即時(shí)鞏固CFilltheblankswithproperprepositionsaccordingtothecontextsandpictures.1.

Heputthecomputeronthedesk.2.ImetMaryattheschoolgatethismorning.3.Thereisacatunderthetable.4.Hesawmanyhillsandriversbelowtheplane.5.Sheisholdinganumbrellaoverherhead.6.Anairplaneflewabovetheclouds.7.LilysatbetweenJackandTom.8.Amysmileshappilyamongthechildren.9.OurEnglishteacherisspeakinginthefrontoftheclassroom.10.Thereisayardinfrontofmywindow.11.Theywalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.12.Thepathgoesthroughtheforest.13.Thestudentsstoodaroundtheteacher.14.Myfamilyoftenhaveawalkalongtheriver.考點(diǎn)四其他用途的介詞PART05介詞用法舉例in表示“用……”，后接表語(yǔ)言或材料的詞匯CanyouspeakinEnglish?Shewroteinpencil.with表示“用……工具”，后接表工具的詞匯，工具前必須加冠詞或物主代詞Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.by表示“用……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)工具或者手段（多用于交通工具），“by+交通工具”中間不能加冠詞。Weusuallygotoschoolbybus.on多用于固定詞組talkonthephone

，onfoot介詞用法舉例for表示“因?yàn)椤?，詞組：befamousforWuhanisfamousforitsdeliciousfood.from表示“來(lái)自于/由于……（外在的原因）”Hediedfromcaraccident.of表示“來(lái)自于/由于……（內(nèi)在的原因）”Hediedofcancer.with表示“由外在影響到肉體或心理”的原因Heshoutedloudlywithanger.介詞用法舉例like表示“像……一樣；如同”HelookslikeFatherChristmas.他長(zhǎng)得像圣誕老人。as表示“作為；以……的身份”Weselectedhimasourmonitor.我們選他作我們的班長(zhǎng)。

(

)—What’stheTVnews________?

—TheChineseTeamwonfivegoldmedalsatWorldTableTennisChampionships.

A.atB.acrossC.aboveD.about

即時(shí)鞏固D

(

)③Nowadays,somemobilephonescantakephotos________acamera.

A.for B.of C.like D.as

(

)④Wethinkitimpolite________himtoasktheladyherage.

A.for B.of C.like D.as

CB考點(diǎn)五常用“一詞多用”介詞PART0201020304inthecar①在……里面insummer②在……時(shí)候，后接年、月、季節(jié)in2hours③在……之后，后接時(shí)間段inChinese④用……（語(yǔ)言、材料）in010203onthefloor①在……上面onFriday②在……時(shí)候，后接日期、星期atextbookonthehistoryofChina③關(guān)于on010203athome①在……（后接小地點(diǎn)）at7o’clocka.m.②在……時(shí)候，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)atalowprice③以……(后接速度、價(jià)格)attorunforexercise①為了……，表目的IoncetaughtMathfor2years.②因?yàn)?，由于……，表原因tocryforpain③后接時(shí)間段，表動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間Ipaid$50forit.④以……價(jià)格(或支付)；交換；作為……的補(bǔ)償）forbytogobythebook①根據(jù)，依據(jù)……madebyhand②通過(guò)……（方式、手段）bybike③使用……（交通工具）Bebackbyteno’clock.④到……為止，在……以前ahousebyariver⑤在……附近，旁邊Imetherbychance.⑥因?yàn)?，由于……from

noontomidnight①?gòu)摹?，后接時(shí)間tosufferfromacold

遭受，蒙受；經(jīng)受；體驗(yàn)到(痛苦等)②從……，后接地點(diǎn)togofromLondontoParis③由于……，由……引起fromabout5o’clockastoryaboutlove①大約②關(guān)于about2413with①和……一起Staywithme.②帶著……，表伴隨的一種狀態(tài)enterwithconfidence③用……工具tostirwithaspoon④因?yàn)?，由于……faintwithhunger餓得發(fā)暈【例】Theyfought________theirfreedom.

A.atB.inC.forD.to【正確選項(xiàng)】C

【考查內(nèi)容】介詞for的用法

【答題分析】結(jié)合句意“他們?yōu)榱俗杂啥鴳?zhàn)?！?/p>

選項(xiàng)中只有介詞for可以表示“為了……”，故選C項(xiàng)。

(

)①Iamsorry________whatIsaidtoyou.

A.atB.inC.forD.to

(

)②Sheissinging________morningtonight.

A.fromB.inC.sinceD.after

C即時(shí)鞏固A真題回顧

2.(2016年)

Don'tworry！Iwillbeback________aminute.

A．forB.sinceC.inD.after

C3.（2015年）

ZhangMincouldn'tdrawmoney________theATMbecauseheforgotthepin.

A.fromB.toC.withD.forA基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1.

Igotane-maillastnight.Itwas________myforeignfriend,Tony.A.inB.onC.atD.from2.

StephenoftenpracticesEnglish________chattingwithhisAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with3.

Mary’steacherwassomad________herbecauseshemadetoomanymistakesinthetest.A.atB.inC.onD.aboutDBA4.

Maxalwayschatwithhisfriends________English.A.onB.inC.atD.for5.

Oh,it’syou,Jack!Yourvoicesoundsverydifferent________thephone.A.fromB.inC.ofD.on6.

Whentheschoolbuildingbegantoshake,theteachersrandownstairs_________allthestudents.Theteachersareheroesinmyheart.A.afterB.withC.sinceD.forBDA7.

________ateacher,Anitathinksthathermaindutyistohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.A.ByB.AsC.AboutD.for8.

Thelittlegirlhelpedtheoldwoman_________theroad.A.aboveB.throughC.acrossD.over9.

Cocousuallygetsupearly_______themorning.A.onB.atC.inD.ofBCC10.

Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile_________herface.A.on B.to C.in D.at11.

_________myopinion,theexperiencesinone’schildhoodwillaffectitscharacter.A.To B.In C.For D.Among12.

TFboysarepopular________theteenagers.A.aroundB.betweenC.duringD.amongABD能力提升1.

Thesuitfittedhimwell________thecolourwasalittledarker.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.exceptwhenD.besides

2.

Whatdoyouoftendo_________twoclassestorelaxyourself?—Listentosomelightmusic.A.overB.amongC.betweenD.through3.

Herweddingwas________asunnymorning.A.atB.inC.onD.toBCC4.—Howsooncanyoufinishthereadingtask?