大學英語分級教學測試大綱

PAGEPAGE5大學英語分級教學學業(yè)測試大綱作為大學英語基礎階段的一種學業(yè)測試，大學英語分級教學測試應在貫徹教學大綱的前提下，以教學內容為基本依據，適當安排課外內容。它以檢測學生、教師和課程安排能否較好地實現(xiàn)各自的預期目標為主要目的?？茖W的測試可以幫助學生了解自己的學習情況，幫助教師了解教學效果以及教材的選擇和課程的設置是否得當。鑒于測試在教和學兩方面的重要作用，特制定本大綱。大綱所作的各項要求，可作為編寫大學英語分級教學測試試題的依據。大學英語詞匯、語法測試詞匯大學英語基礎階段要求學生掌握5000個單詞（其中復用式掌握單詞為2500個），以及由這些詞構成的常用詞組，并具有按基本構詞法識別生詞的能力。學生通過精讀和泛讀課的學習，一學期約需掌握單詞700個（70個詞/單元*10單元=700個詞）。詞匯約占學期測試的25%。在一級、二級的學期考試中，詞匯部分的主要測試對象為課內的700個單詞。由于大學英語教材中涉及的單詞和大學英語教學大綱中列出的詞匯不完全相同，在三級、四級的詞匯測試中，測試對象除了課內的700個單詞外，還包括列入四級詞匯，但并沒有收入教材的單詞。這些單詞的測試比例約為：三級，20%；四級，30%。在精讀課本中出現(xiàn)的生詞，凡列入"WordstoDrill"中的，皆要求復用式掌握。在測試中，根據單詞要求掌握程度的不同，采用不同的測試題型。對于要求領會式掌握的單詞，主要測試學生對單個單詞的認知、拼寫和理解掌握程度。具體題可采用：單詞拼寫。即給出中文譯意和首字母，要求寫出英文單詞；或可提高難度，給出英文定義和首字母，要求寫出單詞；或采用填詞的方式，如：Nowallwecandoishelpourselvesandp_______toGod連線題如：ChoosethedefinitionfromColumnBthatbestmatcheseachwordinColumnAA B personal likebetter prefer doneinpersonorbelongtoaperson (3)選擇題 如：loathemeans: A.dislikeintensely B.becomeseriouslyill C.searchcarefutly D.lookveryangry 或：dislikeintenselyis A.growl B.screech C.sneer D.loathe（4）寫出或選擇同義詞 例：gleam A.gather B.shine C.welcome D.clean對于要求復用式掌握的單詞，主要考查介詞用法、固定搭配、短語動詞及習慣用語。具體題型可采用：寫作《大學英語教學大綱》指出：“培養(yǎng)學生具有……一定的寫的能力，使他們能用英語交流信息……”，能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書面材料時做筆記、寫提綱，就一定的話題或提綱在半小時內寫出120~150詞的短文，能寫短信和便條，表達意思清楚，無重大語言錯誤。測試內容對應于教學大綱的要求，寫作部分的測試采取一至四級逐步提高要求的步驟，從結構和語言兩方面加以考核。一級采用漢譯英或概括課文的中心意思（summarywriting）的形式，旨在要求將母語轉化為表達正確的英語，要求用詞準確，語法、拼寫無誤，將母語形成的概念用地道的英語以書面語形式表達，在此過程中領會漢語與英語在表達上的區(qū)別。形式包含重要的語言點及英文中的常用表達法，如倒裝、否定、虛擬等，也可為句群翻譯，句與句之間有順接，逆接，遞進等意義關系，要求學生逐步學會使用連接間，使語篇連貫。選材以教材為主，多用并列句，復合句及含重點詞匯，詞組的句子，避免用練習中的原句，但可以是這些句子的改形。二級寫作測試采取段落寫作的形式。話題可以相關于精、泛讀課文，有一定的信息量，有內容可寫?？梢蕴峁┲黝}句，要求學生圍繞主題句展開分述、舉例、對比等，也可以給出一些關鍵詞，要求學生按照這些關鍵詞連接成完整的段落，不致走題。要求學生在寫作中根據信息安排需要，使用連接詞如：moreover,therefore,however;foronething,foranother;ontheonehand,ontheother….。三、四級寫作測試對應于國家四級考試，考核學生產生性語言運用能力，命題給出標題和提綱（中英文皆可），話題涉及學生熟悉的題材及社會生活中的熱點話題，如學習、生活、環(huán)境、交通等。要求切題，即內容符合提綱，分述或論證時緊扣段首主題句；語言準確通順，無重大語法錯誤，時間限定半小時，長度不少于120詞。評分標準由于寫作測試的主觀題性質，為達到較好的評分信度，評分標準尤為重要。評分主要從內容和語言兩方面綜合評判。首先著眼所要求的內容是否得到表達，是否達到交際的目的，文不對題，言之無物的作文應判為低等；語言主要從準確性和流暢性角度判分。避免過于注重語法的傾向。該項標準分為15分。閱卷標準分為五等：14分、11分、8分、5分及2分。14分——內容充分體現(xiàn)提綱要求，思想清楚、語言準確流暢，連貫性好。基本無語法、拼寫錯誤，僅有個別不重要的語言錯誤。卷面整潔。（個別突出優(yōu)秀者可給予15分）11分——內容較充分體現(xiàn)提綱要求，思路清晰，文字通順連貫，有少量語言上不影響理解的次要錯誤（如拼寫、第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時動詞遺漏等）8分——內容基本符合提綱要求，思想基本清楚，（有個別地方表達不清），文字勉強連貫；有相當多的語言錯誤，少量錯誤嚴重。5分——內容基本符合要法語。表達思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。2分——條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎，大部分句子錯誤，多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤（如句子不完整，缺少主語或謂語等殘破句）正式評卷前，可先隨機抽取幾份試卷，統(tǒng)一評判尺度，避免打分過松或過緊，也要避免分數(shù)過度集中于某一份值如8分等，以上五等作為參考，有的稍好于或稍遜于基本某一分值，可以此分值為基數(shù)加減1至2分?？谡Z大學英語教學的目的是培養(yǎng)學生具有……和一定的聽、說、寫、譯的能力。多年來口語測試因其成本高，難度大、信度低，未能合理地施測，造成口試環(huán)節(jié)滯后的局面，對口語教學和學生口語能力的提高未能起到積極的促進作用。隨著改革開放的發(fā)展，對學生口語能力的需求不斷增長。在大學英語教學中，規(guī)范口語測試，改進測試方法，以推動口語教學已是刻不容緩。新大綱在口語方面要求學生“能就教材內容和適當?shù)穆犃Σ牧线M行問答和復述，能用英語進行一般的日常會話，能就所熟悉的話題經準備后作簡短發(fā)言，表達思想比較清楚、語音、語調基本正確?！鄙险f的能力具體體現(xiàn)在以下微技能。S1、語音和語調1正確發(fā)音phonemesphonemiccontrasts2在語流中的發(fā)音StrongandWeakformsModificationofsounds.AssimilationElision.Liaison3ArticulatingStressPatternswithinwords.4Manipulatingtheuseofstressinconnectedspeech.1．5Readingaloudtextsinsensegroups.S2、就課文提問及問答AskinganAnsweringQuestionsonthetext.S3、復述故事或短文RetellingaStoryoraPassage.S4、進行簡短對話MakingShortDialogues.S5、口頭作文GivinganOralPresentation.5．1WithWordsandExpressionsgiven.5．2Withvisualaids.5．3Withanoutline.Ongiventopics.S6、面談Interviewing.S7.演講PublicSpeakingS8.辯論Debating對應于大綱的要求，結合口語教學和大學英語教學的規(guī)律，在各級英語教學中要求同步進行分級口試。口試的實施應做到精心組織、嚴格（密）施考，科學命題，評分公正、一致、以確保這一主觀性考試的公平、有效和可信、并對口語教學、對學生提高口語能力起到正確的引導和積極的推動，促進作用。為保證口試的評分質量、增強口試評分的科學性和客觀性建議從以下方面對考生的口語行為進行評定。準確性、指考生的語音、語調以及所使用的語法和詞匯的準確程度。語言范圍、指考生使用的詞匯和語法結構的復雜程度和范圍。話語的長短、指考生對整個考試中的交際所作的貢獻、講話的多少。連貫性、指考有能力進行較長時間的、語言連貫的發(fā)言。靈活性、指考生應付不同情景和話題的能力。適切性、指考生根據不同場合選用適當確切的語言的能力。由于評分標準體在評分人員的評分行為之中，應使評分人員或主考人員在一評分實踐中掌握并統(tǒng)一評分標準。各級口試內容規(guī)范I級：采用朗讀、就課文回答問題和看圖說話。 朗讀：結合精讀課文，建議選取覆蓋S1所列微技能的假落，主考人員應事先確定需要測試的要點。 回答問題：可以結合前一項朗讀的內容，也可另選其他假落，要求考生就口頭提出的問題進行回答?？磮D說話：可以向考生提供一幅或一組圖畫或照片等可視材料，要求考生經過短時間準備后，連貫地描述圖中的情景、活動或故事內容，也可以向考生提供一組圖片，要求考生對其內容或情景進行鑒別對比。這一階段，主考老師在評分的六個方面，應更注重，A、C方面的考核。II級：采用復述和扮演角色或小組討論的形式。 復述：給考生一篇故事或說明文（也可是精讀課文的節(jié)選），讓其準備幾分鐘，然后復述大意。扮演角色：給考生規(guī)定情景，要求他們在情景中扮演一定的角色完成指定的交際任務。（如扮演顧客與商店售貨員之間退賠商品的角色）小組討論：要求組成兩人以上（包括兩人）小組的考生，圍繞有關主題展開討論，以解決問題，求得共識或作出某種決定。討論題應當明確、具體、必要時可提供有關說明或相關的參考材料。這一階段評分應注重C、D、FIII級、IV級可采取口頭作文形式。主考人確定一組題目，要求考生抽取或任取其一、經過幾分鐘準備，不間斷地講出三分鐘左右連貫的話語。選題內容應考慮學生的語言基礎，認識水平以及其社會閱歷與文化背景等，不應過偏或過專。III級可以給出適當?shù)奶崾净蜉o助。如：關鍵詞語 畫面提示請如圖片、圖表、照片等大綱要提示評分應注重B、C、D、FIV級的口頭作文可以只給出題目，也可提出2——3個問題作為相應的提示，引導學生有的放矢地組織、表達思想。評分應注重B、C、D、E、F備注：在全國大學英語口試和東大口試證書考試中，均采用了綜合的面談形式建議凡通過這兩類口試的考生可以免考本學期的相應口試，并根據實際成績給予該級口試優(yōu)或良的評定。凡在上述兩類考試中取得優(yōu)異成績的同學，應優(yōu)先推薦參加校內外各級口語競賽，如：英語演講比賽，英語辯論賽。聽力大綱指出“……培養(yǎng)學生具有一定的聽的能力……使他們能用英語交流信息?！笔谴髮W英語教學的目的之一。新教學大綱對聽力的要求：能聽懂英語講果，并能聽懂題格熟悉、句子結構比較簡單，基本上沒有生詞，語速為每分鐘130—150詞的簡短會話、談話、報道和講座，掌握其中的大意，抓住要點和有關細節(jié)，領會講話者的觀點和態(tài)度。在具體的教學實踐中，聽力技能的培養(yǎng)包括以下微技能：語音基礎單詞辨音辨別語流中的音素辨別重音類型理解語調類型理解語篇的意義內容、交際價值和提高捕捉信息的能力。理解字面意義和明示信息（指明確表達的內容、細節(jié)、如時間、地點等）理解含蓄意義和隱含信息（非直接表達的內容，需經過歸納、推理、判斷方可得出的信息，如態(tài)度、觀點等）辨別特定語用場景中話語的交際功能。理解語篇的大意和重要信息的能力。領會中心思想或重要論點。辨別語篇中不同的細節(jié)、信息通過歸納、推理、判斷獲得的信息（聽口頭信息）記筆記的能力根據不同的聽音目的與任務調整聽力策略的能力聽力測試中，聽力材料的選擇影響著測試的效度，因此選材時應考慮測試的目的、性質以及考生的因素（如學生的語言水平、文化背景知識等）聽力材料的難易取決于話題的熟悉程度、信息密度、詞匯等級、語速快慢以及語篇的性質與體裁，（如多人參加的學術討論比兩個人的日常對話要難，演講通常比簡易小故事難，而商務洽談又不同于社交、會話等等），因此要選取內容適宜、語速得當、難度合理的材料用于聽力測試。各級能力測試內容規(guī)范。I、II級結合教材的具體聽力訓練、注重聽力基礎技能的考核、以及初步的聽力能力考核。主要包括語音部分、句子、日常對話和難度較淺的語篇聽力，語速為每分鐘100—120詞、材料可聽2遍—1遍。能力要求偏重微技能表中1—5、8、9。聽力材料：選材遵循三分之一取自課堂聽力教材，三分之一取自晨間聽力，三分之一取自課外題材相關難度相當?shù)牟牧系脑瓌t。III、IV級注重聽力技能的考核，要求學生具備一般的聽力交際能力，即能聽懂英語講課及簡短會話、談話和講座，抓住中心大意，要點和有關細節(jié)，（包括隱含信息）領會作者觀點和態(tài)度，能夠做筆記、復述出材料的主要情節(jié)或觀點內容，語速達到每分鐘130—150詞只聽一遍。選材遵循原則：一半~三分之一取自課堂聽力教材和晨間聽力內容，一半~三分之一取自課外題材相關，難度相當?shù)穆犃Σ牧希蛇m當加入題材熟悉的真實聽力材料。測試題型：聽寫： 包括句子聽寫、復合式聽寫、這是一種綜合性測試手段，它可以一舉考核多種能力，包括辨音、詞匯識別、語義理解、語篇信息的掌握等等。多項選擇題：此類型為國家四級考試常用聽力題型，其信度高，適用于大規(guī)?？荚?，既可用于句子、對話，也可用于短文聽力，來檢查理解，通常題于容易、選擇項難，設計選項的限制較少，可估什學生易聽錯什么地方，就設計什么干擾項。是非判斷題：根據聽力信息要求考生對句子或要領做出正確與錯誤的判斷。填表： 根據聽力信息和交際任務，完成某一表格，原信息轉換。信息對應： 例如在聽完多人對話后，一欄可列出不同的說話者，另一欄列出不同的觀點，要求考生為每一觀點確定說話者。語音測試：（i）要求考生辨定所聽到的兩個或多個詞是相同的還是不同的，（ii）亦采用多項選擇題形式：考生聽讀單詞，并在試卷上列出的三至四個選項中，找出與之讀音一致的詞。e.g（聽音）said（試卷）(A)sad (B)seed (c)said(iii)考生聽讀單詞（兩遍），并在試卷上列給的三至四個選項中找出與之一致的釋義（用原文或譯文給出）e.g. （聽音） cartcart （試卷） (A)ababy'sbed (B)pulledbyhorses (C)stoppedheld(iv)句子型的辨音：考生聽到一個句子，句中包含需辨的單詞。然后在試卷上列出的三至四個選項中判別句中聽到的詞。e.g.（聽音）There'saknockonthedoor.(A)lock (B)lock (C)knock (D)not (v)要求考生聽若干個單詞，并判斷其重音的異同e.g.（聽音）(A)REcord (B)reCORD (C)REcord （試卷） (A) (B) (C) (vi)要求考生聽一句話，并根據其語調模式判定這句話的施為意義或交際意圖。e.g.（聽音）Holdapressconference?Thespeakerisprobably__________ (A)makingareport. (B)givinginstructions(C)Askingforinformation.簡短問答題：考生聽一篇短文，然后根據其內容回答有關問題，這種試題答案需考生自己寫出，有效地避免了答題過程中猜測因素的干擾，且考生需邊聽邊記和利用短期記憶力，所以有利于培養(yǎng)考生記筆記能力和短期記憶力的訓練。但是問題的設計十分重要。假如設計不當，要求回答字數(shù)過多，寫作因素就可能過度影響聽力測試的效度，因此設計時，要求答案盡量簡短。附試卷樣卷：CollegeEnglishTest（Band32004）Name____________ StudentNumber_________PartIListeningComprehension(20%)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandquestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Example: Youwillhear: Youwillread:Fouryears.Fiveyears.Fourandahalfyears.Fiveandahalfyears.Fromtheconversation,weknowthatthemanhasbeenlearningEnglishforfiveandahalfyears.Therefore,youshouldchooseanswerDontheAnswerSheet.1. A.Duringcollege. B.Duringhighschool C.Aftercollege D.Beforehighschool.2. A.Inthelibrary. B.Atthehighschool. C.Atthecollege. D.Ataparty.3. A.BobisleavingforHongKong. B.TinaisleavingforHongKong. C.BobwantstomeetTinaonSaturday. D.TinawantstomeetBobinHongKongtomorrow.4. A.40minutes. B.50minutes. C.45minutes. D.55minutes.5. A.Hedoesn’tlikeeitherofthem. B.JohncopieditfromJim. C.JimcopieditfromJohn. D.Oneisacopyoftheother.6. A.Heisonlyinterestedinhernewidea. B.Hewillacceptalatepaperformher. C.Hewillnotacceptalatepaperfromher. D.Hewantshertohandinherpaperimmediately.7. A.Hethinksthatplanescantakeofftodaybecauseitisn’ttoo stormy. B.Hethinksthatplanescannottakeofftodayeventhoughitisn’t stormy. C.Hethinksthatplanescannottakeofftodaybecauseitistoo stormy. D.Hethinksthatthoughitisstormytoday,planescantakeofasusual.8. A.In1980. B.In1981. C.In1982. D.In1983.9. A.Windy. B.Fine. C.Wet. D.Cloudy.10. A.Leaveimmediately. B.Staylonger. C.Dinewithher. D.Preparethedinner.SectionBDirections:Inthissection，youwillhear3shortpassages．Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearsomequestions．Boththepassageandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter．Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A.TheoneinAlaska. B.TheoneinJapan. C.TheoneinSanFrancisco. D.TheoneinFrance.12. A.In1906. B.In1964. C.In1960. D.In1946.13. A.Theycannotbepredicted. B.Theyaredangerous. C.Theykilllotsofpeople. D.Theyhappenveryoften.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.HewasanEnglishthief.B.Hewasanofficer.C.HewasAlanSimpson’sFrenchteacher.D.Theauthordoesn’ttellus.15. A.Hewantstolookyounger. B.Hewantstochangehislooks. C.Ithasbeenveryhot. D.HeknowsthatanEnglishmanwithabeardhasstolenapainting.16. A.InItaly. B.InEngland. C.InRome. D.InFrance.17. A.hesuddenlyrememberswhoMr.Cooperis. B.hesuddenlycomesuptoMr.Cooper. C.Mr.Coopersuddenlycomesuptothefirstofficer. D.suddenlythefirstofficerbeginstoaskhimselfwhoMr.Cooperis.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Whentheydon’thaveacar.B.Whentheyliveinahugecountry.C.Whentheydon’tuseplanes.D.Whenthyhaveacar.A.TheUnitedStatesishuge.B.Publictransportationisnotsogood.C.Americansliketobeindependent.D.Americansliketomovearound.20. A.Buses B.Trains. C.Taxis. D.Planes.PartIIReadingcomprehension(40%)Directions:Inthispartyouwillreadfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyanumberofcomprehensionquestions.Readboththepassageandthequestionscarefully.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Jennywas18yearsold,ahighschoolseniorinthedustyhamlet(小村)ofBrowning,Montana,capitaloftheblackfootIndianNation.Anhonorstudent,shehadbeenacceptedbytheUniversityofWyomingandexpectedtostartthereinthefall.Onenightrecently,beforegoingtobed,Jennytookanoverdose(過量)ofhermother’stranquilizers.（鎮(zhèn)靜劑)Whenthegirldidnotgetupbynoon,hermotherwentintowakeherandfoundherdead.“Jenny’smotherhasalwaysbeenbitter,almostparanoid(偏執(zhí)狂),”saidMrs.GayleHimmel,thewifeofthetownMethodistminister,asshestruggledforanexplanation.“ThefamilysplitupayearagoandJenny’sfatherremarried.Notevenherbestfriendknewshewasgoingtodoit.Ifsomeonehadonlytoldher,‘It’sallrightifyourmotheranddaddydon’tloveeachother,youcanlivebecauseyou’resignificant.’Butit’shardforBlackfeetpeopletoexposethemselves,toconfideineachother.Itwastoomuch.”Atleast50timesinthelastyearBlackfeetyoungstershavetriedtocommitsuicide.Abouthalfadozen,likeJennyhavesucceeded.Withabout6000Indiansonthereservation,thesuiciderateis100per100000,or10timestherateforAmericansasawhole.Moreover,Indiansuicidesaremostcommonamongadolescents,whilenationallythesuiciderateincreaseswithage.WhichstatementaboutJennyisnottrue?Shewasoneofthetopstudentsinhighschool.ShewouldstudyinUniversityofWyominginautumn.Shehatedherparanoidmother.Shekilledherselfbytakingtoomuchtranquilizers.Whatdoes“it”in“Notevenherbestfriendknewshewasgoingtodoit”referto?struggledforanexplanationcommittedsuicidewouldgotocollegesplitupthefamilyAbout__Blackfeetyoungstersdiedbycommittingsuicidelastyear.6B.10C.100D.12Whichstatementistrue?Astothewholenation,thesuiciderateofoldpeopleishigherthanthatofyoungpeople.ThesuiciderateoftheIndiansisonepercent.TheIndians’suiciderateis10timesthatoftheAmericanwhites.About6000Indianscommittedsuicidelastyear.Inparagraph2,itisimpliedbutnotdirectlystatedthat__Jenny’sfathershouldnothaveremarried.noonesuspectedthatJennywasgoingtocommitsuicide.Jennycommittedsuicideprobablybecauseofherparents’divorce.Jenny’smothermaltreated(虐待)her.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Therichworld’sargumentsabouttheenvironmentfollowsapattern.Environmentalistssaypollutionisterribleandgettingworse.Businessmenretort(反駁)thatarealclean-upwouldcosttoomuch.Theordinarycitizenbelievesboth:theenvironmentisindeedgoingdownthedrain,butsomighthisjobifanyonetriestostopthat.Allofthem,itturnsout,arewrong.Recentstatistics（數(shù)據）showthat,inrichcountriesatleast,manyoftheworstpollutionproblemsarefarsmallerthantheyusedtobe–andthatthecostsofthissuccesshavesofarbeensmall.Startwithairpollution.Thedreadedgreenhousegasesarestillflowingintotheatmosphere.Butoutputofgasesthatattacktheozonelayeriswellundercontrol.ProductionofCFCsusedinrefrigerators–hasfallenbytwo-thirdssincethemid-1980s.Manypollutantshavebeenbeatenback.Thesmog,hasfallenbyaroundathirdinrichcountriessince1980.Emissionsoflead,sootandcarbonmonoxide–eachhazardous（有害的）tohumanhealth–havealsofallensharply.Waterqualityhasimprovedinmanyways.Thereisstillworryaboutchemicals,suchasfertilizersandheavymetals,drainingofftheland.Butmanyoftheorganismsthatonceinfested（寄生于）rich-worldwaterways–andwhichstillkillmillionsinpoorcountries–areretreatingsteadily.Progressislargelyduetothespreadofwaste-watertreatment.Hasthiscostjobs?Thereisnoevidenceforthat.Spendingonpollutioncontrolamountsto1%-2%GDP（國內生產總值）inmostrichcountries,butthathasnotcutjobsoverall.True,certainindustriessuchasmininghavelostjobs,andsomecompanieshavemovedtolessstrictthird-worldcountries.Butgreenery,likeanynewmarket,hasalsocreatedjobs:themarketworld-widewasworthsome$200billionin1990.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageistomakethereadersbelievethat_____.pollutionisterribleandgettingworsetoprotecttheenvironmentwouldcosttoomuchthepollutionproblemsarenotasseriousasbeforeandthecostofmakingacleanerenvironmentisnotasbigaspeopleanticipatedtheenvironmentisbecomingworsebuttostoppollutionmayincreasetherateofunemployment27. Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?CFCs,lead,sootandcarbonmonoxidearethepollutantsthathelptoformacidrainandsmog.Thespreadofwaste-watertreatmenthascontributedmuchtotheprogressinwaterquality.Somecompanieshavemovedtolessstrictthird-worldcountriesbecausemininghavelostjobs.Protectingenvironmenthasn’tlostjobsbecauseanewmarketwhichisgreenhascreatedjobs.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.CFCsisoneofthemainpollutantsthatattacktheozonelayertheozonelayerwillnotbeattackedinthefuturebecausetheoutputofgreenhousegasesisundercontrolrefrigeratorswillnotbeproducedanymoreforCFCsisharmfultotheozonelayertheozonelayerwasdiscoveredinthemid-1980sWhichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto“goingdownthedrain”(line5)?beingwastedbecomingworsebeingthrownawayintothegutter（陰溝）beingprotectedTheparagraphfollowingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss_____.thedifferencebetweengreeneryandminingthereasonoftheprogressinprotectingtheenvironmenttheGDPoftherichcountriesthisyeartheadvantageofacleanerenvironmentQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheIroquois（易洛魁族人）wereuniqueamongNativeAmericans,notonlybecauseofthestrengthandpersistenceoftheiralliancebutalsobecauseoftherole-playedbytheirclanmatrons（部落女首領）.Theolderwomenofeachvillagechoseitschiefandcouldeitherstartwars(bycallingforthecaptureofprisonerstoreplacedeadrelatives)orstopthem(byrefusingtosupplywarriorswithnecessaryfoodstuffs).

BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,theIroquoiswagedwarsprimarilytoacquirecaptivestoreplenishtheirpopulation.Contactwithforeigntradersbroughtravagingdiseaseasearlyas1633andthusintensifiedtheneedforcaptives.Simultaneously,theEuropeans'comingcreatedaneconomicmotiveforwarfare:thedesiretocontrolthefurtradeandgainunimpededaccesstoEuropeangoods.ThewarwiththeHuronsinthe1640swasbutthefirstofaseriesofconflictswithothertribesknownastheBeaverWars,inwhichtheIroquoisfoughtdesperatelytomaintainadominantpositioninthetrade.

Inthemid-1670s,justwhentheywereachievingtheirgoal,theFrenchsteppedin;anIroquoistriumph(勝利)wouldhavedestroyedFrance'splanstotradedirectlywiththeIndiansoftheGreatLakesandMississippivalley.OverthenexttwentyyearstheFrenchlaunchedrepeatedattacksonIroquoisvillages.TheEnglishofferedlittleassistanceotherthanweaponstotheirtradingpartnersandnominalallies（名義上的聯(lián)盟者）.Theirpeopleandresourcesdepletedbyconstantwarfare,theIroquoisin1701negotiatedneutralitytreatieswithFrance,England,andtheirIndianneighbors.Forthenexthalf-centurytheymaintainedtheirpowerthroughtradeandskilleddiplomacyratherthanwarfare.

31.Accordingtothepassage,theIroquoisfoughtagainstA.theEnglishonly

B.otherIndiantribesonly

C.otherIndiantribesandtheFrench

D.theFrench,theEnglish,andotherIndiantribes32.ThemostimportantorganizationpatterninthispassageisA.definition/description

B.comparison/contrast

C.classification

D.chronologicalorder33.Inthispassage,toreplenishmeanstoA.restore

B.remain

C.convey

D.capture34.ThepassagestatesthataftertheEuropeansarrived,theIroquoisfoughtprimarilytoA.controlthefurtrade

B.provetheirstrengthandcourage

C.acquireland

D.fightofftheEuropeans35.Whatorganizationalpatternlinksthepartsofthissentencetogether?

"Inthemid-1670s,justwhentheywereachievingtheirgoal,theFrenchsteppedin;anIroquoistriumphwouldhavedestroyedFrance'splanstotradedirectlywiththeIndiansoftheGreatLakesandMississippivalley."A.cause/effect

B.chronologicalorder

C.simplelisting

D.compare/contrastQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Doyourememberlastsummer，whenfurioustravelerswerepoundingonCongresstodosomethingaboutairlinecustomerservice？Airlinespromisedtoimprove，andtheyadoptednewstandardsjustbeforeChristmas．Butasanothersummernears，plentyofexperiencedtravelersdon'tseemuchimprovementincustomerserviceoverall．Thismonth，theDepartmentofTransportation's（DOT）inspectorgeneral'sofficewillissueitsfirstcriticalarticleonwhetherairlinesarehonoringtheirpromises．Onesurveysuggestsproblems：thenumberofcomplaintstotheDOTaboutthetop10airlinesinthefirstquartersoared(劇增)89％fromayearago．Hitlastsummerbypassengercomplaintsandthethreatofconsumer-protectionlawsbyCongress，14airlinesvoluntarilyagreedtoadoptasetofbasiccustomer-servicestandardscalledCustomersFirst．Fromimmediaterefunds(退款)totruthfulreservationagentstotoiletsthatflushduringonboarddelays，the"12commitments"topassengerswereintroducedasamajorefforttoimproveservice．Sincethen，airlineshavebeenredesigningwebsites，retrainingemployeesandupgradingtechnology．Recently，DOTinspectorgeneralKennethMead，atMcCain'srequest，sent20examinerstoairportstodocument（證明）whethereachairlineisdoingwhatitpromised，Meadcautions（警告）travelersshouldn'texpecttoomuch．Mostofthepromisesareaimedatbettercommunicationwithcustomers，notproblemsfreeflights．"Wethinkpassengers，bothbusinessandleisure，perceivetravelasmoreofaquarrelthesedays，"spokeswomanShellySassonsays．"Someofthisisperception，butalotisreality"."Andwhenimprovementsaremade，ittakesalongtimeforthemtobenoticed"，shesays．Now，theeffortsmaybeworking．Duringthefirstquarter，Deltahadthesecond-lowestrateofcomplaintsamongthetop10carriers．Still，itsrate，alongwithotherairlines，isupfromlastyear．McCainandotherlawmakerssaynewconsumerprotectionlawsaren'toutofthequestioniftheindustry'svoluntaryprogramdoesn'twork．36．Thepassagetellsusthat_______．A.passengercomplaintsincreasethoughairlineshavetakenstepstoimproveairservice

B.passengercomplaintsdecreaseforairlineshavetakenstepstoimproveairservice

C.airservicehasbeenimprovedgreatlythoughitishardtonoticebypassengersD.airserviceneedsimprovingbadlyastheresultsofpassengercomplaints37．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage？

A.Governmenthassentofficialstocheckanyimprovementtheair serviceairlineshavemade．B.Somepeoplesuggestpassengersshowmoreunderstandingto airlinesabouttheireffortstobetterairservice．

C.Toimproveairservicedoesn'tmeanthattherewillnolongerbeany deficienciesinairtraveling．

D.Itisthoughtthatpassengersshouldbepatientwhentheyarewaiting foranyimprovementmadebyairlines．38．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtothesentence"Someofthisisperception，butalotisreality．"？（Para．5）

A.Somepeople'scomplaintsaboutairservicearerathersubjective，butmostpeople'sarefairlyobjective．

B.Whenpeopletravelbyair，theyusuallyquarrel，whichisafactpassengersallsee．

C.Somepeopletakeabiasedviewonairservicebecausetheydon'tseefacts．

D.Mostpeoplesawfacts，butafewpeoplefailed．39．Theauthorhaswrittenthelastparagraphmainlytomean_______．

A.therateofcomplaintsisgoingupinallairlinesinspiteoftheefforts theymade

B.improvementssomeairlineshavemadearenoteffective，whichleads tomorecomplaints

C.there’snoneedtopasslawstoimproveairlinecustomersservice

D.somepeoplearetooaggressivewhencomplainingaboutairservicethoughairlineshavemadegreateffortsonit40．Inparagraph1，thephrase"poundingon"means"_______"．

A.strikingat

B.urging

C.hitting

D.soundingswithloudnoisesPartIII VocabularyandStructure(15%)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Thesesoldiershave_________manyhorriblecrimesagainsthumanityduringtheFirstWorldWar.A.committed B.performed C.made D.behavedThecaseagainstJulieBlackwas_________forlackofevidence.A.refused B.dismissed C.eliminated D.discardedShewasratherupsetbythenewsandsoIamafraidthatourcarelessremarks_________her.A.recommended B.pursued C.fried D.offendedThelocalgovernmentisdetermined_________prohibitingthesaleandtheuseofthedrug.A.asfor B.withregards C.inconnectionwith D.withaviewtoThelinksbetweencigarettesmokingandlungcancerarenotwell_________.A.published B.accomplished C.completed D.establishedThechildhadjust_________theshellofthehard-boiledeggandwasstartingtotakeitoff.A.cracked B.wiped C.crashed D.brokeoutPresidentClintonhadbroughtAmericans_________thateconomiccrisis.A.through B.over C.out D.offTom’sangercouldnotbe_________whentheconversationturnedtothecriticismofhisfather.A.heldon B.heldout C.heldback D.heldupItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary_________thelettertotheEditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.A.issue B.printing C.copy D.magazineTwoyearsofexperience_________apromotion.A.qualifiedhisas B.qualifiedhimtoC.qualifiedhimfor D.qualifiedhimwithThepoliceexaminedthecarscautiouslyandallowedthemto_________.A.goover B.gooff C.goahead D.goforthPrinceCharles_________histhroneinordertomarrythegirlheloved.A.gavein B.gaveoff C.gaveback D.gaveupItisnotprofitabletoprovidebusservicesindistrictswherepopulationiswidely_________.A.scattered B.separated C.spaced D.dividedDon’t_________togetdinnerforhertomorrownightforshewilleatout.A.worry B.disturb C.bother D.interruptItiswrongforanyoneinsuchahigh_________inthegovernmenttobehavesobadlyinpublic.A.situation B.position C.standard D.statusTheoldlady_________andfellfromthetopofthestairstothebottom.A.slithered B.slipped C.slept D.slappedThemoneycollectedforthepoorpeople_________to$10,000,000.A.counted B.amounted C.reached D.achievedIdon’tknowhowI’d_________toasituationlikethis.A.answer B.reflectC.react D.responseIt’srudeto_________peoplewhentheyarespeaking.A.interfere B.interrupt C.prevent D.introduceItwashiscarelessnessthatcontributed_________theaccident.A.to B.for C.in D.atI’llbe_________ofthewholecompanynextweekwhenthedirectorisawayforabusinesstrip.A.freeofcharge B.inchargeC.oncharge D.underthechargeWhentheyfoundthechildseriouslyill,they_________adoctoratonce.A.calledaway B.calledup C.calledin D.calledtoTheraincamethroughtheroofand_________fromtheceiling.A.dripped B.fell C.dipped D.flowedTheweddingceremonywillbe_________,andonlyfriendsandmembersofthefamiliesofthetwosideswillattend.A.peculiar B.particular C.private D.punctualItisknowntoallthatwateris_________life.A.typicalof B.essentialofC.dependenton D.responsiblefor