中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化概論答案第一章

Unit1TraitsofChineseCultureWarm-upActivityppreciatethemovieclipsofdifferentpeoples’talkingaboutChineseculture.1)Speakersinthemoviemaybefromthefollowingplaces:Scotland,China,England,Europe,RussiabasedontheirEnglishspeakingdialectsandtheirfacialfeaturesandeventheirhairetc.2)Culturaltraditions,theartisticaspects,solanternmaking,kitemaking,Zodiac,NewYearcelebrations,thewishingtree,adramaticexperience,amusicalexperience,ahistoricalexperience,someaspectsofmodernstudies,someaspectsofbusinesseducation,TheChineselanterns,chopsticks,TaiChi,thecalligraphy,theart,theBeijingoperamasks.2.Discussthequestionafterreadingthefollowingstory.Referenceforthediscussedquestions:AChinesewouldpolitelytellthewaiterthatitwasimmoraltoputaflyinthecoffee-cupandthatitwasagainstthedoctrinesofConfucius.Sucharetheexpressionsoftheculturalcharactersofdifferentnations.SectionA.CulturalTreasures:Task1.Answerthefollowingquestions.a.Therat,theox,thetiger,therabbit,thedragon,thesnake,thehorse,thegoat,themonkey,therooster,thedog,thepig.b.Becausethecatgotupsoearlythatmorningandhebecamesleepyontheirwayofswimmingacrosstheriverbyridingontopoftheox’sback.Hewaspushedintothewaterwhencrossingtheriver.Thenthecatarriveddrippingwetin13th.c.Themonth,ratherthantheyear,ofone'sbirth(referredtothefollowingreading)Task2.Completethefollowingtasksaftereadingthepassagebrackets.1〕：十天干：甲jia乙yi丙bing丁ding戊wu乙ji庚geng,辛xin壬ren癸kui十二地支：子zi丑chou寅yin卯mao辰chen巳si午wu未wei申shen酉you戌xu亥hai2〕：丙戌，丁亥，漢族，彝族，黎族，傣族，維吾爾，吉爾吉斯，圖騰3〕：Rat:23:00~1:00namedZishi,whenratsaremostactiveinseekingfood.Ox:01:00~03:00namedChoushi,whenoxenbegintocrushthefood,regurgitatingtothemouthslowlyandcomfortably.Tiger:03:00~05:00namedYinshi,whentigershurttheirpreymoreandshowtheirferocity.Rabbit:05:00~07:00namedMaoshi,whenthejaderabbitisbusypoundingherbalmedicineontheMoonaccordingtothetale.Dragon:07:00~09:00namedChenshi,whendragonsarehoveringintheskytogiverain.Snake:09:00~11:00namedSishi,whensnakesareleavingtheircaves.Horse:11:00~13:00namedWushi,whenthesunishighaboveandotheranimalsarelyingdownforarest,whilethehorsesarestillstanding.Goat:13:00~15:00namedWeishi,whengoatsurinatefrequently.Monkey:15:00~17:00namedShenshi,whenthemonkeysarelively.Rooster:17:00~19:00namedYoushi,whenroostersbegintogobacktotheircoops.Dog:19:00~21:00namedXushi,whendogsbegintocarryouttheirdutyofguardingthehouses.Pig:21:00~23:00namedHaishi,whenpigsaresleepingsweetlye.Thetaskoffilingtheappropriatetermsintheblankcanbeofgreathelptothisquestion.4〕SectionB.CulturalKnowledgeCardingTask1.TrytoguesstheChineseequivalentsforthefollowingwordsortermsunderlinedinthepassagebelow.a.plateau,plainandbasin高原丘陵和盆地b.Qinghai-TibetPlateau青藏高原c.theRoofoftheWorld世界屋脊d.highlands高地e.Sino-Nepaleseborder中國(guó)-尼泊爾邊境f.theKunlunandQilianRanges昆侖山和祁連山脈g.HengduanMountains橫斷山脈h.Yuannan-Guizhou,LoessandInnerMongolianPlateaus云貴高原，黃土高原和內(nèi)蒙古高原i.Tarim,JunggarandSichuanBasins塔里木盆地，準(zhǔn)格爾盆地和四川盆地j.theContinentalShelf大陸架k.unfathomableseas深不可測(cè)的大海l.impassablevalleysandjungle難以翻越的大山深谷和難以穿越的叢林m.continentalculture大陸文化o.subculturesandunintelligentdialects子文化和難以理解的方言p.anuneventfullifeofthesimplerhythmicalpulseofnature一種無戲劇性大事的、平和的、自然純樸的生活，一種順應(yīng)大自然節(jié)律的生活q.thisself-containedandself-sufficientfarmingculture這種自給自足的農(nóng)耕文化r.China’sarableland中國(guó)的可耕地s.god-forsaken被上帝遺棄的或老天沒有惠顧的Task2.Questionsforthoughtanddiscussionbasedonthepassageabove.1〕2〕3)Reference:Physicalenvironmenthelpsshapeculture.Manenvironmentandcultureinteractinatriangle.Manisconscious,dynamicandintelligent.Heisraisedabovetheenvironment,“dominatingthenon-humanworld〞.Heworksontheenvironmenttocreateculture,butheisnevercompletelyfreefromit.Onthecontrary,heisjustamiserablepartofthebiosphere,bounduptoacertainextent.Hehastofollownatureandworkwithinitspossiblelimits.Theculturehecreatedlikewisehastobeconditionedbythephysicalworld.c.Answerscanbereferredtothesupplementaryreadings d.openTask3.WhataretheChineseversionsforthefollowingsentencesDoyouknowtheoriginationofthesesayingsWhatmaybeimpliedineachofthemAretheystillpracticalintoday’slife1)Risewiththesuntowork,retirewiththesuntorest.Farmthelandforfood,sinkawellforwater.WhathasheavengotformeChineseversion:“日出而作，日落(入)而息。鑿井而飲，耕田而食。帝力何有于我哉！〞ItisfromaprehistoryrhymestrikingaclaymusicalinstrumententitledJiFouGeWhynotGiRangGe？,thefatherofChinesesong擊壤歌，中國(guó)歌曲之祖)WhynotGiRangGe？Iteulogizesthedailycycleofthefarmer,whoisindulginginanuneventfullifeofthesimplerhythmicalpulseofnature….2)AtleasttherearetwoChineseversions.Version1:子曰：知者樂，水；仁者樂，山。知者動(dòng)，仁者靜。知者樂，仁者壽。〞2005年南懷瑾論語(yǔ)別裁(上下)上海：復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社。Version2:子曰：“智者樂水，仁者樂山；智者動(dòng)，仁者靜；智者樂，仁者壽。〞1999年丁往道編譯孔子語(yǔ)錄一百則北京：中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯公司選自論語(yǔ)．雍也篇AnalectsofConfuciusThisisasayingbyConfucius.Itimpliesthathepreferscontinentallifetomaritimelive.Actually,heneverthinksofgoingtotheseainspiteoftheclosenessofhishometotheseacoast.Heonlythinksofdriftingtotheseaifheshouldfeeldesperatetobringpeacetothetroubledandwar-tornworld〔p.6HeDaokuan2004〕.3)AlllandunderheavenbelongstotheKing,allpeoplewithintheseasaresubjectsoftheKingChineseversion:“溥天之下，莫非王土；率土之濱莫非王臣。(from詩(shī)·小雅·北山)ThisisafolksongfromthePoetry3,000yearsago.ThegeographicalisolationofChinacoaxedChineseintothemisbeliefoftheworld:TheworldisChina,Chinaistheworld.Thisimpliesamisconception,whichwaslaterblownintoignoranceofself-imposedenclosureandcontainmentinearlymoderntimesagainstallcommunicationwiththeoutsideworld.4)Thegentlemanseekseverythingfromhimself;thesamllmanseekseverythingfromothers.君子求諸己，小人求諸人。論語(yǔ)論君子與小人〔15.21〕SectionCLegendTime:YutheGreat,theFloodTamerTask1.Task2.Task3.Referenceforthequestions1)topunishmanforhisevils;2)HeavenwasfinallyconvincedbyYu’seloquenceandambitionandagreedtoassignhimtotametheflood.3)YutheGreat,thefloodtamer：usedtheMagicEarthandhelpfromotherlessergods.Yu’sstrategieswerethemosteffectiveandpowerful.SectionD:SometraitsofTraditionalChineseCultureTask.Readthefollowingpassageandfinishthefollowingtasks.TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthepassageintoChinese.(1)中國(guó)文化指產(chǎn)生開展于中國(guó)地域內(nèi)的一種富有鮮明的民族特色的文化體系。我們這里講的主要是精神