英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文及摘要寫作

英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文及摘要寫作

MedicalPaperandAbstractWriting第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教研室張順興教授背景資料(1)

BackgroundInformationISIIFRanking：ISI〔InstituteforScientificInformation美國(guó)科技信息協(xié)會(huì)〕對(duì)世界7831種專業(yè)雜志提供的影響因子〔ImpactFactor,IF〕排名IRK=JournalRankingWithinDiscipline(學(xué)科內(nèi)排名)=1JIF=AverageJournalImpactFactoroverallyearsofISIquotation〔1971-2002ISI雜志影響因子平均分〕SCI=ScienceCitationIndex〔科學(xué)引用指數(shù)〕Discipline:GensciNameJRKJIFNATURE1.020.68〔自然〕SCIENCE0.9914.68〔科學(xué)〕CHINESESCIENCEBULL0.500.20(中國(guó)科學(xué)通報(bào))Discipline:GenMedNEWENGLJMED1.020.08〔新英格蘭內(nèi)科雜志〕LANCET〔柳葉刀〕0.9912.32CHINESEMEDJ–PEKING0.120.14(中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志〕Discipline:Surg/Hematol/PhysiolBLOOD0.996.94〔血液〕WORLDJSURGERY0.761.49〔世界外科雜志〕CHINESEJPHYIOL0.130.42〔中國(guó)生理學(xué)雜)背景資料〔2〕

backgroundInformation2002-2004外語(yǔ)教研室【張教授醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)工作室】為校內(nèi)外研究人員翻譯、修改醫(yī)學(xué)論文50余篇，其中國(guó)外SCI發(fā)表的15篇左右，包括Diabetes(0.97/5.60)2篇,Radiology(0.97/3.25)3篇,IntJCancer(0.87/3.59)1篇,JThoracCardiovSurg(0.94/2.34)1篇;國(guó)內(nèi)英文版生物醫(yī)學(xué)雜志發(fā)表10余篇，包括《中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》及其分科雜志;還有即將在NEWENGLJMED，JAMA等頂級(jí)雜志發(fā)表張教授醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)工作室根底部1號(hào)樓7樓張教授醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)工作室接待室Tel:250-70288/250-70290ContactPerson:姜華老師教學(xué)任務(wù)

TeachingTasks介紹英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文及其摘要的根本結(jié)構(gòu)Format介紹英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文摘要的常用句型與表達(dá)方式SentencePatternsandExpression介紹英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文摘要的用詞特點(diǎn)UseandMisuseofWords介紹向國(guó)外投稿的根本要求和程序ManuscriptPreparationandSubmission寫作目標(biāo)

WritingGoalsSARS科學(xué)的研究設(shè)計(jì)Scientificstudydesign準(zhǔn)確的文字表述Accurateworddescription合理的邏輯推斷Reasonablelogicreasoning充分的資料支持Sufficientdatasupport引言：醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)分類

MedicalLiteratureClassification教科書與專著TextBooksMonographs醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)分類

MedicalLiteratureClassification2.雜志Journals

專業(yè)雜志ProfessionalJournals

原始報(bào)告Originalarticles

綜述Reviews

個(gè)案/系列病例報(bào)告

Singlecasereports/seriescasereports文摘雜志

Abstractjournals:CA化學(xué),BA生物,EM荷蘭醫(yī)學(xué)文摘醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)分類

MedicalLiteratureClassification3.特殊文獻(xiàn)Specialliterature

美國(guó)四大報(bào)告：AD〔武裝部隊(duì)情報(bào)局報(bào)告〕PB〔政府出版局報(bào)告〕NASA〔美國(guó)航空航天局報(bào)告〕AEC〔原子能委員會(huì)報(bào)告〕專利文獻(xiàn)Patent

4.其他Others

藥物說(shuō)明書Druginsert樣本Samples廣告advertisements

第一講醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文的結(jié)構(gòu)與要求英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文格式

Format

1．標(biāo)題Title 2．摘要Abstract 3．引言Introduction4．材料與方法MaterialsandMethods5．結(jié)論Results 6．討論Discussion 7．致謝Acknowledgements8．參考文獻(xiàn)References9．插圖說(shuō)明Legends10．插圖Figures11．表格Tables12．照片和說(shuō)明PlatesandExplanations引言

Introduction總的要求：背景、原因、目的Thepurposeofanintroductionistobringthereaderintothegeneralareaofyourstudyandthenstatethespecificareaofstudy(movefromthegeneraltothespecific).Theintroductionshowsthescopeofyourinvestigationefforts.具體內(nèi)容：背景–說(shuō)明所研究問(wèn)題的目前總體情況或歷史statementofgeneralareaorhistoryofproblem意義–說(shuō)明研究的意義或必要性statementofimportanceorneed進(jìn)展–說(shuō)明有關(guān)該問(wèn)題的先有發(fā)現(xiàn)、報(bào)告或研究statementofpreviousfindings,reportsorstudies陳述這局部?jī)?nèi)容時(shí)一般要有引文〔citations〕目的–說(shuō)明本研究的目的statementofpurposeofcurrentstudy范圍–說(shuō)明要研究問(wèn)題的具體范圍statementofspecificareaofproblemtobestudied引言例如(p.86)

exampleInthemilitary,ithasbeencommontotreathyperthermicheatcasualtiesbyimmersioninice-containingwater.【研究背景】Thismethodishighlyunphysiologic,becausethesecondaryprofoundcutaneousvasoconstrictionshuntsbloodawayfromtheskin,whichgreatlyslowsheatlossfromthebodycore.Inaddition,shiveringoccurssoonafterimmersion,eventhoughcoretemperaturehasdecreasedverylittle;andthisiscounterproductivebyvirtueofmuscularheatproduction.Finally,immersioncoolingisextremelyunpleasanttothealertpatient.【本研究意義】RecentlyWeinerandKhogali[7]havedevelopedamethodforcoolinghyperthermicpatientsbasedontheprincipleofvaporizationofwarmwaterfromthebodysurfacebyblowingwarmdryairovertheskin.Theirmethodisanimprovementonpreviousexperiencewithvaporizationofcoldwaterfromthebodysurface.[3,4]【研究進(jìn)展】Basedontheirexperience,wehaveutilizedthesamephysiologicprinciplesintreatingheatcasualtiesduringatwo-weekperiodofdeserttraining(44thMAU,CAX9-82,MCAGCC,29Palms,Calif.).Inaddition,wehaveappliedtheseprinciplestonormothermicvolunteerstostudythedifferenceofthemethodandevaluateuntowardeffects.【本研究的目的】材料與方法

MaterialsandMethods總的要求是：結(jié)果的可重演性(reproducible)、方法的可靠性(valid)以及前后的邏輯性(logic)Readersmustbeabletoreproduceyourresults,evaluatethevalidityofyourresultsandthesoundnessofyourmethods,andfollowthelogicinthepaper具體要求：

Detailedrequirements

1.簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明研究設(shè)計(jì)

studydesign/protocol

回憶retrospective/review前瞻〔prospective〕動(dòng)物〔animal〕/臨床clinical/實(shí)驗(yàn)experimental活體內(nèi)〔invivo〕/活體外〔invitro〕/原位〔insitu〕隨訪〔follow-up〕對(duì)照〔controlled〕隨機(jī)random/randomized雙盲交叉double-blindcrossover定群研究population/cohort/migrant抽樣調(diào)查cross-sectionalsurvey2.詳細(xì)說(shuō)明研究對(duì)象情況

Subjects/Materials區(qū)別特性〔identitycharacteristics〕:性別sex/年齡〔age)/數(shù)量〔n=)/物種〔species〕/品種〔breed〕/生理狀態(tài)〔physiologicalstate〕/微生物菌株〔strain〕/血清型〔serotype〕/phenotype〔表型〕/genotype〔基因型〕〔隨機(jī)〕分組方法〔methodsofanyrandomassignmentofsubjectstogroups〕選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〔criteriaforadmissiontostudygroups〕

3.詳細(xì)說(shuō)明所用材料

Materials藥物〔drugs〕激素〔hormones〕試劑〔reagents〕其他化學(xué)品〔chemicals〕非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)材料〔nonstandardmaterials)名稱〔name〕商標(biāo)〔trademark〕生產(chǎn)廠家〔manufacturer〕所在地〔location:cityandcountry/region〕4.知情同意/倫理/動(dòng)物保護(hù)InformedconsentEthicscommitteeAnimalprotection5.測(cè)定方法與統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

Measurementandstatistictreatment名稱〔name〕，引文〔citation〕和偏差〔variations〕統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法〔methodofstatisticanalysis〕材料方法局部陳述程序：

Sequenceofdescription研究設(shè)計(jì)〔design〕→研究對(duì)象性質(zhì)〔materials〕→處理/干預(yù)方法〔intervention〕→測(cè)定/觀察手段〔measurement〕→統(tǒng)計(jì)分析〔statistics〕時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

Tenseandvoice除指示性說(shuō)明外，如：病人資料見表1DataofthepatientsareshowninTable1.材料與方法局部一律用過(guò)去時(shí)表達(dá)盡量不要用第一人稱表述材料與方法局部的主要問(wèn)題：

Mainproblems研究設(shè)計(jì)不合理材料要素不全

CongratulationsontheunveilingoftheGraduateSchoolnameplate!結(jié)果

Results總的要求：讓研究的客觀結(jié)果說(shuō)話，不要添枝加葉。

Thissectiontellsthereaderwhathappenedinyourwork.

Remember:Letyourresultsspeakforthemselvesanddon’tembellish(leavethatfortheDiscussionsection)

具體要求：

Detailedrequirements

對(duì)所獲結(jié)果進(jìn)行概述overviewoftheresults說(shuō)明所獲資料或數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)意義statisticalsignificance統(tǒng)計(jì)支持,包括圖，表，照片等statisticalsupport凡用圖表表示的內(nèi)容不再用文字詳述結(jié)果局部的主要問(wèn)題：

Mainproblems不要用模棱兩可的〔ambiguous〕詞或短語(yǔ)表述結(jié)果，如：Theresultstendedtobegreaterthan……showednopromisingtrendsItcould/mightbeinhibitedby…不要參加作者的評(píng)論方法和結(jié)果局部的結(jié)構(gòu)均衡問(wèn)題Thestepswereasfollows:theslicesweredefattedbyxylene

washthem3timeswithPBS…

observedthesliceunderalowresolutionlightmicroscope(x100)…討論

discussion總的要求：與先有研究相比，本研究有何意義Theauthorshouldtellthereaderwhattheresultsmeanbyplacingtheminthecontextofpreviouspublishedstudiesoftheproblem具體要求

Detailedrequirements簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明研究背景background簡(jiǎn)要介紹總的發(fā)現(xiàn)generalfindings介紹具體要點(diǎn)introductionofpoints與先有發(fā)現(xiàn)〔假設(shè)有〕進(jìn)行比較comparisoninthecontextofotherstudies意義suggestedmeaning結(jié)論conclusion前瞻研究futurestudies討論局部的主要問(wèn)題

Mainproblems層次混亂時(shí)態(tài)混亂抓不住要點(diǎn)引文不準(zhǔn)結(jié)果與結(jié)論脫節(jié)討論例如

Example請(qǐng)翻到p.90致謝

Acknowledgements總的要求：致謝詞和致謝方式必須征得受謝人或單位的同意Alwaysgetapprovalofyourintentiontomentionsomeoneintheacknowledgementandapprovaloftheforminwhichyouwillpresenttheacknowledgement

參考文獻(xiàn)

References總的要求：根據(jù)各雜志的具體要求Referencestylesshouldbespecifictoeachjournal插圖說(shuō)明

FigureLegends總的要求：Typeorpointoutlegendsforillustrationsusingdoublespacing,startingonaseparatepage另頁(yè)雙行打印〔doublespacing〕插圖中有箭頭〔arrow〕、符號(hào)〔symbol〕、數(shù)字〔number〕或字母〔letter〕時(shí)，要在圖反面附頁(yè)上或備份上對(duì)其方向、位置、意義等作出非常明確的說(shuō)明插圖

Figures總的要求：插圖要按雜志的版面大小比例進(jìn)行壓縮；不要把插圖拍成照片Designyourfiguresfortheappropriatereduction表格

Tables總的要求：表格要作為一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的信息單位另頁(yè)打印Atableshouldbeatotallyself-containedunitofinformation三線格表格要簡(jiǎn)明清楚，完整〔標(biāo)題、內(nèi)容和腳注〕即使只有一張表格也要標(biāo)Table1表格過(guò)多可申請(qǐng)進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)三線格表格要簡(jiǎn)明清楚，完整〔標(biāo)題、內(nèi)容和腳注〕即使只有一張表格也要標(biāo)Table1表格過(guò)多可申請(qǐng)進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)常用詞〔組〕和表達(dá)方式

Phrasesandexpressions本文/本研究thisarticle/thepresentstudy/thisstudy先期研究previous/earlierstudies〔比較：earlystudies早期研究〕治療組/研究組thetreatmentgroup/studygroup〔空白/陰性〕對(duì)照組the(blank/negative)controlgroup住院病人hospitalizedpatients回憶性研究aretrospectivestudy前瞻性研究aprospectivestudy治療方案protocol/regimen治療結(jié)果〔效果〕therapeuticoutcome/effect〔藥物或療法的〕成效efficacy有效〔性〕effectiveness總死亡率anoverallmortalityrate(deathrate)平均年齡meanage危險(xiǎn)因素riskfactors副作用sideeffects不良反響adversereactions不舒反響untowardreactions如文獻(xiàn)所述asdescribedintheliterature改進(jìn)的方法amodifiedmethod/technique生活質(zhì)量差/好poor/goodqualityoflife中國(guó)人民解放軍97醫(yī)院No.97HospitalofCPLA(南京)軍區(qū)(Nanjing)MilitaryCommandRegion練習(xí)

Exercise下面是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)論文〞DietaryPotassiumandBloodPressureinaPopulation〞的引言〔Introduction