《英語句法特征》課件

PowerPointpresentationonEnglishsyntacticfeatuOverviewofEnglishsyntaxThesyntacticfeaturesofsimplesensesThesyntacticfeaturesofcompoundsensesThesyntacticcharacteristicsofspecialpresencestructures目錄01OverviewofEnglishsyntaxDefinitionandImportanceGrammariscrucialforlanguageexpressionandunderstanding,asithelpsusorganizelanguagetomakeitmeaningfulandlogical.Masteringgrammarisofgreatsignificanceforimprovinglanguageskills,engagingineffectivecommunication,andconductinglanguageresearch.Grammaristhesumoftherulesofcombinationandstructurebetweenwordsinalanguage,andisanimportantcomponentoflanguage.ThedefinitionandimportanceofsyntaxBasiccharacteristicsEnglishgrammarhasvariousformsofvariationsuchastense,voice,andtone,whichmakesentenceexpressionmorerichandaccurate.EnglishsentencestructuresusuallyfollowthebasicframeworkofSVO(subject+predicate+object),buttherearealsootherstructuralforms,suchaspassivevoice,complexsentences,etc.Therearealargenumberofphrases,clauses,andfixedcollocationsinEnglish,whichmakesentencesmorecomplexandrich.ThebasiccharacteristicsofEnglishsyntaxClassificationofEnglishsyntaxclassificationAccordingtodifferentstandards,Englishgrammarcanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes.Forexample,accordingtosentencestructure,itcanbedividedintosimplesentencesandcomplexsentences;Accordingtovoice,itcanbedividedintoactivevoiceandpassivevoice;Accordingtothetone,itcanbedividedintodeclarativesentences,interrogativesentences,andimperativesentences.MasteringtheseclassificationshelpstobetterunderstandandapplyEnglishgrammar,andimprovelanguageexpressionability.02ThesyntacticfeaturesofsimplesensesThesubjectandtheverbmustagreeinnumber(singularorplural)Forexample,"Thecatissittingonthemat."SubjectverbagreementThepredictioncanbecompletedbyanobject,completion,oradvisoryphraseForexample,"Thecatsawthemouse."PredictioncompletionConsistencybetweensubjectsandpredictionsTenseVerbshavedifferenttensions(present,past,future)toshowtimereferencesForexample,"Thecatwillcatchthemouse."VoiceVerbscanbeactiveorpassiveForexample,"Thecatchasedthemouse"(activevoice)vs."Themousewaschasedbythecat"(passivevoice)TheSenseandVoiceofVerbsPreliminaryphrasesProposalsintroducephrasesthatdescribespatialortemporalrelationshipsForexample,"Thecatsatonthemat."AdaptivephrasesAdaptivephrasesmodifythesubjectorobjecttoprovideadditionalinformationForexample,"Thehappycatsatonthemat."PreliminaryPhrasesandObjectivePhrasesAsimplepresencecontainsasubjectandpredictwithoutanyadjacentclausesForexample,"Thecatsatonthemat."SimplepresenceAcomplexpresencecontainsamainclauseandatleastonesubborderclauseForexample,"Althoughthemousewasquick,thecatcausedit."ComplexsensesSentencestructureanalysis03ThesyntacticfeaturesofcompoundsensesCompositionofcomplexsentencesInEnglish,compoundsentencesareusuallycomposedofamainclauseandasubordinateclause,whichcanbeanadjectiveclause,anounclause,oranadverbialclause.Themainclauseisthemainbodyofthesentence,whilethesubordinateclauseisconnectedtothemainclausethroughconjunctionstosupplementormodifythemainclause.ThecompositionofsubjectboundariescompoundsensesTypesandfunctionsofclausesClauseplaysanimportantroleincompoundsentences,astheycanexpresscompletethoughtsorinformation,andcanalsoserveasmodifyingelementsofthemainsentence.Accordingtofunction,clausescanbedividedintonounclauses,adjectiveclauses,andadverbialclauses.Anounclausecanserveasasubject,object,orpredicate,anadjectiveclausecanbeusedtomodifyanounorpronoun,andanadverbialclausecanbeusedtomodifyaverb,adjective,oradverb.ThetypesandfunctionsofclausesSyntheticanalysisofmasterslavecompoundsensesGrammaranalysisofmaster-slavecompoundsentencesThesubjectsubordinatecompoundsentenceisaspecialtypeofcompoundsentence,inwhichtherelationshipbetweenthemainclauseandthesubordinateclauseisveryclose.Inamaster-slavecompoundsentence,asubordinateclauseisusuallyusedasasupplementormodifiertothemainclause,tofurtherexplaintheconceptexpressedbythemainclause.Byanalyzingthegrammarofmaster-slavecompoundsentences,onecanbetterunderstandthesentencestructureandmeaning,aswellastherelationshipsbetweenvariouscomponents.04ThesyntacticcharacteristicsofspecialpresencestructuresSummaryword:Referstothereversaloftheorderofthesubjectandpredicateinasentence,usuallytoemphasizeormaintainthebalanceofthesentence.Detaileddescription:InEnglish,thesubjectusuallycomesfirstandthepredicatecomeslast,butinspecialcasessuchasinterrogativesentences,emphasissentences,orpoeticsentences,theorderofthesubjectandpredicatemaybereversed.Forexample,"Ishehere?"isainterrogativesentence,wheretheorderofthesubject"he"andthepredicate"is"isreversedtoraisequestions.InvertedpresenceSummarywordReferstotheomissionofcertaincomponentsinasentence,butthereaderorlistenercanunderstandthecompletemeaningofthesentence.DetaileddescriptionOmittedsentencesareacommongrammaticalphenomenoninEnglish,whichmakessentencesmoreconcisebyomittingcertainelementssuchassubject,predicate,orothermodifiers.Forexample,thesentence"Gotothestore."omitsthesubject"I".Althoughthesubjectisomitted,readerscanstillunderstandthemeaningofthesentence.EllipsispresenceReferstoemphasizingacertainpartbychangingsentencestructureorusingspecificvocabularytohighlightitsimportance.SummarywordEmphasizingsentencesareacommongrammaticalstructurethatemphasizesacertainpartbychangingthesentencestructureorusingspecificvocabulary.Forexample,thesentence"Itwashewhosavedthechild."emphasizesthat"he"istheperso