四川師范大學外國語學院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2013年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2014年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2015年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2016年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2017年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2018年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2013年四川師范大學211翻譯碩士

英語考研真題及詳解

PartⅠCRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(30points)

Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencethere

arefouranswersmarkedA.B,C,andD.Chooseonethatbestcompletesthe

sentence.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet

1.Untilthen,hisfamily_____fromhimformorethantenyears.

A.didn’thear

B.hasn’tbeenhearing

C.hasn’theard

D.hadn’theard

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在那之前，他的家人已經(jīng)十多年沒有他的消息了。

句中有個明確的過去時間點“then”(那時)，而“hadn'theard”發(fā)生在then之

前(包括then)，所以此句用的是過去完成時。

2._____suchsubject,theprofessoralsotaughtmathematicsand

geography.

A.Outof

B.Inspiteof

C.Inadditionto

D.Exceptfor

【答案】C

【解析】句意：除了這門課，這位教授還教數(shù)學和地理。由also可

知，“suchsubject”是包括在教授的課程之內的。

3.I_____Tom,mycollegeroommate,inthelastthreeyears.

A.saw

B.haveseen

C.haven’tseen

D.see

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在過去的三年里，我沒有見過我的大學室友湯姆。

根據(jù)時間狀語inthelastthreeyears可知應該用現(xiàn)在完成時。

4.Thebossofthecompany_____ariseinsalaryforages,butnothing

hashappenedyet.

A.ispromised

B.hasbeenpromising

C.ispromising

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】句意：公司老板承諾漲工資好幾年了，但是至今什么也沒

發(fā)生。“承諾”這件事從過去就開始了，直到現(xiàn)在還在進行，并有可能繼

續(xù)持續(xù)下去，因此用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。

5.Scarcelyhadtheboatreachedtheopenwater_____itencountered

highwindsandheavyseas.

A.than

B.As

C.when

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】句意：船剛駛到開闊的水面就遇到了大風和巨浪。hardly/

barely/scarcely+hadsth.done+whensth.did一……就……。

6._____hasbeenmentionedabove,theheightofthewallofthePalace

hasbeenalreadymeasured.

A.It

B.As

C.This

D.What

【答案】B

【解析】句意：正如上文所提到的，宮殿墻的高度已經(jīng)測量過了。

這句話是as引導的非限定性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容。

7.ThelightestelementisHydrogen,theatom__consistsofanucleusof

onlyoneproton,around_____revolvesoneelectron.

A.ofwhich/which

B.its/which

C.who/it

D.that/which

【答案】A

【解析】句意：最輕的元素是氫，其原子由僅含一個質子的原子核

組成，有一個電子繞著這個原子核轉動。第一個空為of+which引導定

語從句，of表示從屬關系。第二個空為which引導的非限定性定語從

句，which指代上文的proton。

8.It’sreportedthatbytheendofthisyeartheyieldofriceinthearea

_____byabout20%.

A.willhaverisen

B.hasrisen

C.willberising

D.hasbeenrising

【答案】A

【解析】句意：據(jù)報道，到今年年底，該地區(qū)大米產(chǎn)量將增長約百

分之二十。bytheendof表示“到……為止”，如果后面接將來的時間，句

中用將來完成時。

9“Itisalongtime_____Isawyoulast.”

“Yes.Anditwillbeastilllongertime_____weseeeachotheragain.”

A.before/since

B.since/before

C.then/then

D.when/when

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“自從去年見過一面后，我們很長時間沒見了。”“是

的，再次見面恐怕還要過一段時間?！雹佟癐tis/has+時間+since+含過去

時的句子”表示“自從……已經(jīng)多久了”。②“Itwillbe+時間+

before…”表示“在……之前仍需要一段時間”。

10.Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnew

phone_____tothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincrease

witheachprogramturnedout.

A.adding

B.tohaveadded

C.toadd

D.added

【答案】D

【解析】句意：正如電話網(wǎng)絡的價值隨著新電話的加入而增加，計

算機系統(tǒng)的價值也隨著每個程序的出現(xiàn)而增加。這里考察的是with接復

合賓語結構。phone和add之間是被動關系，因此用過去分詞作賓補。

11.Pleaseexcusemylittlesonifhehasleftanyofyourquestions_____.

A.beenunanswered

B.tounanswer

C.unanswered

D.unanwering

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我的小兒子有什么問題沒有回答你，請原諒

他。這個句子考查的是“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補足語”。anyofyourquestions

和后面作賓補的動詞unanswer為被動關系，因此用過去分詞形式。

12_____forthehurricane,thevillagehasbeengreatlydamaged.

A.Therewasnoalarm

B.Therebeingnoalarm

C.Beingwithoutalarm

D.Withoutbeingalarm

【答案】B

【解析】句意：由于沒有颶風警報，這個村莊遭到了嚴重的破壞。

這種結構為獨立主格結構，一般充當狀語，there是邏輯主語，相當于

Becausetherewasnoalarmforthehurricane。

13.Nobodylikeshimbecausehe_____tocurryfavorwiththeboss.

A.isalwaystrying

B.alwaystries

C.doesalwaystry

D.hasalwaystried

【答案】A

【解析】句意：沒有人喜歡他，因為他總是試圖討好老板。雖然句

中有always，但是為了加強語氣，應該用現(xiàn)在進行時。

14.Lastyear,Georgeearned_____hisbrother,thoughherbrotherhasa

betterposition.

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicethat

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】句意：去年，喬治賺的錢是他哥哥的兩倍，雖然他哥哥的

工作比他的好?！氨稊?shù)+as+形容詞或副詞原形+as”的結構表示倍數(shù)。

這句話中money為不可數(shù)名詞，因此要用much。

15._____enoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtalargehouse.

A.HadItohave

B.IfIshouldhave

C.HadIhad

D.IfIhad

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我曾經(jīng)有足夠的錢，我會買一幢大房子。由

wouldhavebought可知，這句話是對過去的虛擬，因此從句應該用過去

完成時，完整表達應為IfIhadenoughmoney。如果if條件句中如有were,

should,had，可以省去if，并使用倒裝語序。

16.Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforethey

arefully_____.

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在這個工廠里，建議往往要等幾個月才能被充分考

慮。consider考慮；細想。acknowledge承認；答謝。

17.Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpool

withouthisparents’_____.

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在沒有得到父母同意的情況下，這個男孩溜出了房

間朝游泳池走去。consent同意，贊成。conviction定罪；深信。

compromise妥協(xié)，折中。command命令，指令。

18.Ourresearchhasfocusedonadrugwhichisso_____astobeable

tochangebrainchemistry.

A.powerful

B.influential

C.monstrous

D.vigorous

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我們的研究集中在一種藥效強勁，能夠改變腦部化

學的藥物。powerful可以形容藥物的藥效強勁。influential有影響的，有

勢力的。monstrous巨大的；怪異的。vigorous精力旺盛的。

19.ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound_____inthewoodsoffthe

highway.

A.vanished

B.abandoned

C.scattered

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意：萊斯家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在公路邊的樹林里。

abandon放棄，拋棄。vanish消失；突然不見。scatter驅使，使分散。

20.Henry’snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso_____that

nothinghadbeenomitted.

A.understanding

B.comprehensible

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】句意：亨利寫的關于這次會議的新聞報道十分全面，沒有

任何遺漏。comprehensive全面的，廣泛的。comprehensible能懂的，可

以理解的。understandable可以理解的，主要用來指人的行為。

understanding用來指人時，表示“善于理解別人或別人問題的”。

21.Shewasafraidthatunlessthetrainspeededupshewouldloseher

_____toScotland.

A.ticket

B.place

C.seat

D.connection

【答案】D

【解析】句意：她擔心如果火車不開快一點的話，她就來不及轉另

一班火車去蘇格蘭了。connection在這里指“聯(lián)運（火車、汽車、飛機

等）”。loseone'sconnectionto誤了到……去的（汽車、火車、輪船等）

聯(lián)運。

22.Theshipwas_____inastormoffJamaica.

A.drowned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那艘船在牙買加海域附近的風暴中失事。wreck破

壞；失事。sink可作及物動詞，意思是“使下沉”，但是在這句話中不

妥。drown淹死。submit使服從；主張。

23.Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStateslivein

California,_____inSanFrancisco.

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在美國，三分之一的華人住在加利福尼亞州，其中

主要是舊金山。predominantly主要地。practically實際地；幾乎。

24.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably_____reportonlyina

fewpagesbutwithallthedetails.

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】A

【解析】句意：新來的秘書寫了一篇非常簡明的報道，短短幾頁就

包含了所有的細節(jié)。concise簡明的，簡潔的。precise精確的；明確的。

elaborate精心制作的；詳盡的。

25.Thecarwascompletely_____andthedriverseriouslyinjured.

A.brokenoff

B.takenoff

C.writtenoff

D.pickedup

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這輛車完全報廢了，司機受了重傷。writeoff勾銷；

報廢。breakoff折斷；突然停止。takeoff起飛；脫下。

26.Themanagingdirectortookthe_____fortheaccidentalthoughit

wasnotreallyhisfault.

A.guilt

B.change

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】句意：總經(jīng)理承擔了這次事故的責任，雖然并不是他的

錯。taketheblamefor承擔……責任。takechargeof接管，負責。

27.Theworkeragreedto_____thestrikeifthecompanywouldsatisfy

theirdemands.

A.callfor

B.callforth

C.calloff

D.callup

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果公司能滿足他們的要求，工人們同意停止罷

工。calloff取消；依次叫走。callfor需要，要求。callforth喚起。callup

打電話，召集。

28.Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyand_____heissoon

tobepromoted.

A.eventually

B.yet

C.finally

D.accordingly

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他給老板留下了非常深刻的印象，因此很快得到了

提拔。accordingly因此，于是。

29.Itwasagreat_____forhimtobepleasanttopeoplehedidn’tlike.

A.attempt

B.trouble

C.power

D.effort

【答案】D

【解析】句意：對他來說，對自己不喜歡的人友善需要極大的努

力。effort在這里作可數(shù)名詞。

30.Thefiremenmanagedto_____thefireintime.

A.extinguish

B.prevent

C.suppress

D.rain

【答案】A

【解析】句意：消防員們成功地及時撲滅火災。extinguish撲滅，熄

滅。suppress抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓。

PARTⅡREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONA(30points)

Inthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbyquestionsor

unfinishedstatement,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand

D.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerWriteyouranswerson

theanswersheet.

TEXTA

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek’sJournaloftheAmerican

MedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfroma

teenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersis

threetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.By

contrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheach

additionalpassenger.

Theauthorsalsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreased

dramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersin

thecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighway

SafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershave

lesstodowith“reallystupidbehavior”thanwithjustalackofdriving

experience.“Thebasicissue”hesays,“isthatadultswhoareresponsiblefor

issuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis.”

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigatethe

problemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystemsin

whichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequires

thatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofan

adultfollowedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightorpassengerrestrictions

beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes

accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortof

graduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonlyl0ofthosestateshave

restrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestricter,withanovicedriver

prohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofan

adultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

31.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayaffair10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

32.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsis

TRUE?

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedriving

lessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers’driving

accidents.

33.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduated

licensingsystem______

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案與解析】

31.B根據(jù)第二段句子“…increasedsharplyafter10p.m.,and

especiallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriver…”可以推斷

出，青少年午夜之后駕車載人是最危險的時候。所以答案選B。

32.D根據(jù)第三段最后“…adultswhoareresponsibleforissuing

licensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis.”可以判

斷，RobertFoss認為負責發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒能認識到駕駛汽車非常復

雜且技術性很強。所以他們對青少年司機的車禍問題負有責任。

33.C文中最后一段講到“Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesort

ofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace”，據(jù)此可知，這種發(fā)證系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在

半數(shù)以上的州得以實施。

TEXTB

AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCity

whenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn’thelp

overhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked,“So,

howhaveyoubeen?”Andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethan

sevenoreightyearsold—replied.”Frankly,I’vebeenfeelingalittle

depressedlately.”

Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbelief

thatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’t

findoutwewere“depressed”,thatis,inlowspirits,untilwewereinhigh

school.

Undoubtedlyachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.

Childrendon’tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,

dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.

Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyis

different.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists.Why?

Humandevelopmentisdependednotonlyonbornbiologicalstates,but

alsoonpatternsofgainingsocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialrole

toanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewsocialpositions.

Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages;

traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.

Inthelast30years,however,asecret-revelationmachinehasbeen

equippedin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision.Television

passesinformationtoallviewersalike,whethertheyarechildrenoradults.

Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfrom

printedtextstothelesschallenging,moreattractivemovingpictures.

Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdeal

ofcontroloverthesocialinformationwhichchildrenwillgain.Childrenmust

readsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.

34.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.

A.asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild

B.somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild

C.aninevitablehasofchildren’smentaldevelopment

D.amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren

35.Thephenomenonthattoday’schildrenseemadultlikeisattributed

bytheauthorto________.

A.thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision

B.thepoorarrangementofteachingcontent

C.thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopment

D.theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving

36.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintfor

children?

A.Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.

B.Itdevelopschildren’sinterestinreadingandwriting.

C.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.

D.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.

37.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday’schildren?

A.Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.

B.Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.

C.Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.

D.Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.

【答案與解析】

34.B作者第一段講述了聽到一個小孩說自己“depressed”，作者對

此很驚訝，第二段說到他和他的朋友直到高中才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會情緒低落，

由此可見作者認為對于年齡小的孩子來說，“depressed”是很難想象的。

35.A根據(jù)第六段“Televisionpassesinformationtoallviewersalike,

whethertheyarechildrenoradults.”可知，作者認為是電視的普及讓孩子

們出現(xiàn)了這樣的特征。

36.D由最后一段“Communicationthroughprint…controloverthe

socialinformationwhichchildrenwillgain.”可知，作者認為印刷媒介可以

控制孩子們所獲得的信息。

37.B文章中，作者提出了孩子們的變化并分析了原因，最后給出

了解決措施，根據(jù)作者的語氣和觀點可以看出，他認為孩子們的這些變

化應該引起人們足夠的重視。

TEXTC

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereignty

overitsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,

whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorld

WarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtothe

idea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’s

nativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.They

makeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferlevelsof

unemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverage

Hawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeof

autonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnative

governor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbe

recommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-

establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Some

justwantgreaterautonomywiththestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmerican

Indiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.Thisisapositionsupportedby

theOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978to

representtonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderateface

ofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousintheKaLahuigroup,

whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,official

independencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclear

howmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnative

thosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.They

alsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobe

accepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostopposition

fromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS

$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatby

acceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyownthe

land.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

38.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

A.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

D.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

39.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthe

matterofsovereignty?

A.TheHawaiiannatives.

B.AmericanIndiannatives.

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

D.TheKaLahuigroup.

40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

A.Hesuggestedthatthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

C.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

D.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

41.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowing

EXCEPT______.

A.morebackrentonthecrownland

B.fullindependencefromtheUS

C.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

D.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

【答案與解析】

38.D根據(jù)第二段第一句“...sincethenHawaii'snativepeoplehave

faredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups”可知，夏威夷原住民的生活

比其他民族差。

39.C第四段中提到OfficeofHawaiianAffairs“hasnowbecomethe

moderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement”，moderate與題干中的

lessradical相對應。

40.B文章第三段中提到JohnWaihee是夏威夷第一位土著人州長，

他建立了一個主權建議委員會，并建議夏威夷土著人自己決定是否要成

立一個主權國家，但是并未提到他領導了當?shù)氐莫毩⒔夥胚\動，所以選

B。

41.A文章第四段指出“...somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthe

state”，后面又指出“...moreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,which...wants

full,officialindependencefromtheUS”，文章最后一段又提到“...theyalso

wanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobe

accepted”，由此可見選項B，C，D文章中都提到了，所以正確選項為

A。

TEXTD

Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweather

torrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoes--beginquickly,strike

suddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleaving

neighboringareasuntouched.Sucheventasatornadostruckthenortheastern

sectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornado

exceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.

Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvaluein

predictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausethe

availableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputers

tostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethese

storms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsare

takenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedby

hundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodels

doamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregions

thantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.

Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,

veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofe

quippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswas

extremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingand

processingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.

Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostof

theseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellites

areallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlarge

regionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdata

aroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmodemcomputerscan

quicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.

Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesign

computerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingraw

weatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasters

caninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthese

newtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,nowcastingisbecominga

reality.

42.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredict

suchashort-livedtornadobecause______.

A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents

B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit

C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong.

D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable

43.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcasts”(paragraph3)

means______.

A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata

B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallarea

inanaccurateway

C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata

D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation

44.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith______.

A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta

B.what’sa“Nowcasts”

C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweather

fore-cast

D.abreakthroughinweatherforecast

【答案與解析】

42.D第一段講到，傳統(tǒng)的大氣電腦模式?jīng)]能對此進行預測，原因

在于可獲得的天氣數(shù)據(jù)細節(jié)太少，不足以讓計算機進行研究和預測。故

選D。

43.B根據(jù)該詞前面的解釋“accurate,short-rangeforecasts”可以推斷

出Nowcast的意思為“準確、及時的天氣預報”。

44.D文章一開始講述了某次龍卷風造成的損失，并指出直到最

近，由于高科技的發(fā)展解決了人們收集天氣數(shù)據(jù)時的種種問題，才使得

Nowcast這種準確、及時的天氣預報成為現(xiàn)實。因此，文章主要講述天

氣預報方面的一大突破。

TEXTE

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhe

choicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseof

alargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobI

wouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonaturein

somesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesin

massivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingto

acommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucan

seefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecome

aggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;

theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,

whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,

nowadayspeopleontiresamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhelloto

eachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolated

existenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsof

smallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereis

alwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehas

disadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsina

village,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportant

eventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanew

showorthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andfor

anythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe

nearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoften

oppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquietness.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceand

quiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsa

feelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmain

advantagesisthatyouareatthecentreofthings;andthatlifedoesn’tcometo

anendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)a

compromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe

“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommuting

distanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityasthe

plasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasabout

changeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginal

inhabitantsofthevillage.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring

“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby?I’mkeenontheidea,butyousee

there’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshair

andexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthose

heartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-

coalfireanyevening.

45.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor

_____.

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoliveinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

46.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobe

unhappyEXCEPT_____.

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.alackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

47.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbest

describesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrrogant

D.Insensitive

48.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisinminds

【答案與解析】

45.C第一段作者提到“Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewho…”，后

面又說到，如果不是因為工作，他可能會立馬回到自然中，由此可見作

者在城市里工作。

46.A根據(jù)第二段中“…populationlivesinmassi