新教材2024版高中英語Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod1ReadingandThinking課件新人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSPeriodOne

ReadingandThinking課前自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ．猜詞意

A．極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的B．把手；拉手；柄；處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)

C．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)

D．未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的E．相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的1．Firehascausedseveredamagetothecontentsofthebuilding. (

)2．Youhavenoproofofmyinvolvementinanything. (

)3．Wewereworriedshewouldn’tbeabletohandleit,butshecamethroughintheend. (

)【答案】1．A

2．C

3．B

4．Wearefacedwithtwoapparentlycontradictorystatements. (

)5．Thecountryhastoimportmostofitsrawmaterials. (

)【答案】4．E

5．D

Ⅱ．猜單詞拼寫

1．infectionn.→__________

adj.傳染性的；感染的(參考：caution→cautious)

2．subscribevi.→__________

n.訂閱；(報(bào)刊等的)訂閱費(fèi)；訂閱款(參考：describe→description)

【答案】1．infectious

2．subscription

3．pureadj.→__________

vt.使(某物)潔凈；凈化(參考：simple→simplify)

4．decrease

n.&vt.&vi.→__________vi.&vt.(使)增長(zhǎng)；增多；增加n.增長(zhǎng)；增多；增加5．transformvt.&vi.→__________

n.轉(zhuǎn)型；轉(zhuǎn)變；改變(參考：inform→information)

【答案】3．purify

4．increase

5．transformation

Ⅲ．猜短語填空

onceandforall；subscribeto；thanksto；betoblamefor

1．Ihaveorderedanumberofjournalsconcernedwithmymajor.＝Ihave___________________anumberofjournalsconcernedwithmymajor.【答案】1．subscribedto

2．Oneinfourcasesofdementia(癡呆)isscoldedfordrinking,doctorshavewarned.＝Drinkingmay______________________oneinfourcasesofdementia,doctorshavewarned.【答案】2．betoblamefor

3．Owingtorecentresearch,effectivetreatmentsareavailable.＝____________recentresearch,effectivetreatmentsareavailable.4．Wehavetoresolvethismattercompletely.＝Wehavetoresolvethismatter________________.【答案】3．Thanksto

4．onceandforall

課文語篇研讀Ⅰ．閱讀課文JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”，匹配段落大意

(

)Paragraph1

(

)Paragraph2

(

)Paragraph3

(

)Paragraph4

(

)Paragraph5A．Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.B．JohnSnowwantedtousehisknowledgetosolvecholera.C．Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.D．Heneededtoprovethesecondtheorywascorrect.E．Hefinallyfoundoutthatdirtywaterwasthecauseofcholera.【答案】1－5

BCDEA

Ⅱ．閱讀課文，判斷信息正誤

(

)1．Choleracausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,butnevercausesdeath.(

)2．Intheearly18thcentury,millionsofpeoplediedfromtheoutbreakofcholerainEurope.(

)3．Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.【答案】1－3

FFT

(

)4．JohnSnowdiscoveredthatintwoparticularstreets，theoutbreakofcholerawassoseverethatmorethan5，000peoplediedintendays.(

)5．Withenoughevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.(

)6．Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholerabecauseoftheworkofJohnSnow.【答案】4－6

FTT

Ⅲ．閱讀課文，選擇正確選項(xiàng)

(

)1．AccordingtoJohnSnow’sview,________.A．QueenVictoriasufferedalotfrombadhealth

B．a(chǎn)curehadbeenfoundforcholerabeforehistime

C．cholera’scausehadtobediscoveredinordertocontrolit

D．thousandsofterrifiedpeopleknewwhattheyshoulddo

【答案】C(

)2．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.B．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.【答案】B(

)3．Before1854,whencholerabrokeout,______.A．manythousandsofpeopledied

B．peoplewithcholeracouldbecured

C．JohnSnowbegantoknowitscause

D．JohnSnowbecameinspired

【答案】A(

)4．Howdidpeopledefeat“KingCholera”?A．Bynotpollutingtheriveragain.B．Byeatinghealthydiets.C．Bydeliveringthewaterfromotherrivers.D．Bystoppingdrinkingthepollutedwater.【答案】D(

)5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．JohnSnowwasawell－knowndoctorinLondon.B．Thecauseofcholerawasthepollutedwater.C．Thesourceofalldrinkingwatersuppliesshouldbeexamined.D．HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraanddefeatedit.【答案】D

Ⅳ．課文語法填空

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.HewassoexpertthatheattendedtoQueenVictoria1.______shegavebirth.However,hewasfrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera,oneofthemostfeared2.__________(disease)intheworld.【答案】1．when

2．diseases

Atthattime,thereweretwo3.________(contradict)theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onewasthatbadaircausedthedisease.JohnSnowsubscribed4.__________theotherthatcholerawascausedbyan5.____________(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.【答案】3．contradictory

4．to

5．infection

6.___________(consequent),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hemarkedonamap7._________exactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Withthehelpofthemap,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandhesuspectedthatthewaterpumpwas8.________(blame).Sohehadthehandleofthepump9.____________(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.【答案】6．Consequently

7.the

8.toblame

9.removed

Byusingmapsandstatistics,Snow10.__________(transform)thewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.【答案】10．transformed

課堂新知講練

詞匯拓講1．onceandforall最終地；徹底地

(P2)However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.【翻譯】然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。【用法詳解】allatonce突然；同時(shí)atonce立刻；馬上onceandagain一而再；再三onceortwice一兩次；幾次

I’mwarningyouonceandforall;ifyoudon’tstopdisturbingme，you’llberegretful.我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止地糾纏我，你會(huì)后悔的?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】

單句填空(1)All________oncetherewassomeoneknockingonthedoor.(2)Hewaspunishedonce________againfortellinglies.【答案】(1)at

(2)and

完成句子(3)他一個(gè)月去一兩次巴黎。HevisitsPairs____________amonth.(4)是我們徹底處理這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候了。Itistimewe________.【答案】(3)onceortwice

(4)handledthisproblemonceandforall2．infectionn.感染；傳染

(P2)Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.【翻譯】另一種說法是霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?1)infectvt.使感染；傳染beinfectedwith…

感染上……；傳染上……

(2)infectiousadj.感染的；傳染性的

Somepeoplecanbeinfectedwiththediseaseandhavemildsymptoms.有些人可能感染了這種疾病，癥狀輕微。【針對(duì)練習(xí)】

單句語法填空(1)Everyyear,therearepeopleunluckyenoughtobeinfected________theflu.(2)Don’tyoufindherenthusiasm________(infect)?【答案】(1)with

(2)infectious完成句子(3)Areyousurethereis________________now?你確定現(xiàn)在沒有感染的危險(xiǎn)嗎?(4)Thecomposer__________________terriblebacteriaandsoondied.這位作曲家感染了可怕的細(xì)菌，不久之后就去世了?！敬鸢浮?3)nodangerofinfection

(4)wasinfectedwith

3．subscribevi

.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))

(P2)Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.【翻譯】斯諾贊同第二種理論?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?1)subscribeto訂閱(報(bào)紙、雜志等)；簽字認(rèn)可；同意；向……捐贈(zèng)subscribefor預(yù)定；認(rèn)購(gòu)(2)subscriptionn.訂金；訂閱；簽署(3)subscribern.訂戶；捐獻(xiàn)者

Howmanysharesdidyousubscribeforinthenewcompany?你在這家新公司認(rèn)購(gòu)了多少股份?【語境串記】

Thesubscriberneversubscribestotheviewthatheisricherthanothers.這位捐助者從不認(rèn)為自己比別人富有。【針對(duì)練習(xí)】

指出下列各句中subscribeto的含義。(1)Ican’tsubscribetoyourplanbecauseitisnotreasonable.________(2)Theyrefusedtosubscribetotheagreement.________(3)Wesubscribetoananimalprotectionsociety.________(4)Whichjournalsdoesthelibrarysubscribeto？________【答案】(1)同意(2)簽名(3)向……捐贈(zèng)(4)訂閱4．suspectvt.&.vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象

(P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.【翻譯】斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。【用法詳解】suspectsb.tobe＋n./adj.懷疑某人……

suspectsb.ofdoingsth.懷疑某人做了某事besuspiciousof/about…

對(duì)……懷疑

Heresignedafterbeingsuspectedoftheft.他被懷疑有偷竊行為，隨后就辭職了。【針對(duì)練習(xí)】

完成句子(1)He_______________atthepartylastnight,andthepolicewerelookingintothematter.他被懷疑在昨晚的聚會(huì)上偷了戒指，警察正在調(diào)查這個(gè)事件。(2)Ibeganto____________me.我開始懷疑他邀請(qǐng)我的動(dòng)機(jī)?！敬鸢浮?1)wassuspectedofstealingthering

(2)suspecthismotivationininviting句型轉(zhuǎn)換(3)Isuspectthatheisthepickpocket.(用suspectsb.tobe…改為簡(jiǎn)單句)

Isuspect____________.【答案】(3)himtobethepickpocket

5．blamevt.責(zé)怪；指責(zé)；把……歸咎于

n.指責(zé)；責(zé)備

(P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.【翻譯】斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍?zhǔn)??！居梅ㄔ斀狻?1)blamesb.for…

因……而指責(zé)某人blamesth.onsb.把……歸咎于某人betoblameforsth.因某事而指責(zé)某人(主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)

(2)take/beartheblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任put/placetheblameonsb.

把責(zé)任推到某人身上

ButIoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’saccident.但我經(jīng)常做瘋狂的夢(mèng)，在夢(mèng)中我應(yīng)該為米勒的事故負(fù)責(zé)?！菊Z境串記】

Don’talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfaretoblame,thatistosay，youshouldtaketheblameforfailure.不要總是把自己的失敗歸咎于別人。有時(shí)候你自己應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備，也就是說，你應(yīng)該為失敗承擔(dān)責(zé)任。【針對(duì)練習(xí)】

單句語法填空(1)Theythinktheblameshouldbeplaced__________theconductor.(2)MrsGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__________(blame).【答案】(1)on

(2)toblame

完成句子(3)Thepolicehadfiguredoutthecauseofthetrafficaccidentanditwasthelorrydriverthatshould______________it.警方已經(jīng)查明這起交通事故的起因，是那位卡車司機(jī)應(yīng)為此負(fù)責(zé)?！敬鸢浮?3)taketheblamefor

6．linkn.聯(lián)系；紐帶

vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)

(P3)Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.【翻譯】而且，斯諾后來還指出了其他霍亂病例和倫敦不同供水公司之間的聯(lián)系。【用法詳解】link…to/with…

把……與……連接；聯(lián)系belinkedwith…

把……與……聯(lián)系起來

Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecrime.指紋證實(shí)了犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪行為?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】

完成句子(1)He________closely__________inthepublicmind________horrormovies.在公眾心目中，他總是和恐怖電影緊密聯(lián)系在一起。【答案】(1)is;linked;with

一句多譯(2)Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhich__________smoking.→Wealways__________manyserioushealthproblems__________smoking.很多嚴(yán)重的健康問題與吸煙有關(guān)?！敬鸢浮?2)arelinkedwith;link;with/to

7．decreasen.減少；降低；減少量

vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低

(P3)ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.【翻譯】

通過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售潔凈水，霍亂對(duì)世界各地的威脅大幅減少?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?1)adecreasein…

……的減少onthedecrease在減少(2)decrease(from…)to…(從……)減少到……(表示減少后的量)

decreaseby…

減少了……(表示減少的量)

decreasein…

在……方面減少

Thisspeciesofbirdisdecreasinginnumbereveryyear.這種鳥的數(shù)量每年都在減少?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】

單句語法填空(1)Thenumberofthestudentsineachclassis________thedecrease.(2)Thedecrease________saleswasalmost20percent.【答案】(1)on

(2)in

(3)Theproductionofwheathasdecreased__________20%becauseofthedryweather.(4)Thelatestwarmperiodhascausedthenumberofglacierstodecrease________150in1850to26today.【答案】(3)by

(4)from

8．transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)

vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變

(P3)Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.【翻譯】此外，通過使用地圖和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?1)transform…into…

把……變成……

transform…from…to…

把……從……變成……

betransformedfrom…to…

由……變成……；由……遷到……

(2)transformationn.轉(zhuǎn)變；變化

Themovietransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoawell-knownstar.這部電影讓她幾乎一夜之間從一位不知名的女學(xué)生變成一個(gè)眾所周知的明星?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】

單句語法填空(1)TheBrownshavetransformedtheirgarage________aguesthouse.(2)Inrecentyearshisideashaveundergoneacomplete__________(transform).(3)Hischaracters______________(transform)bysuccessandwealthsinceyearsago.【答案】(1)into

(2)transformation

(3)havebeentransformed完成句子(4)Theysuccessfully________________________aglobalone.他們成功地把這家公司變成了一家全球性的公司?！敬鸢浮?4)transformedthecompanyinto

句式解讀1．(P2)Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.【翻譯】這個(gè)女人似乎非常喜歡水泵里的水，所以她每天都讓人把水送到家里來。【句式剖析】

本句是主從復(fù)合句。Itseemedthat…(看來……)，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it是形式主語。另外這個(gè)句子里還有“so…that…(如此……以至于……)”和“havesth.done(讓某事被做)”這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)?！練w納拓展】(1)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)＋that從句，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，常用于該句型的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)有：seem(看上去)，turnout(證明是)，appear(顯得)，happen(碰巧)。(2)①so…that…

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于”。其常見形式為：②such…that…

意為“如此……以至于……”，such后接名詞。其常見形式為：(3)“have＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的用法有以下幾種：havesb./sth.doing讓某人做某事(動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)、進(jìn)行的含義)

havesb.do讓某人做某事havesth.done讓/請(qǐng)別人做某事；遭受到

Itturnedoutthatwewerewrong.結(jié)果證明我們錯(cuò)了。ItissogoodacampingspotthatI’dliketogothereagain.這個(gè)露營(yíng)地點(diǎn)如此好，以至于我想再去一次?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】

完成句子(1)____________________thatyoudisagreeontheplan.在我看來你不同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)____________________theharvestwasbadthatyear.那年碰巧收成不好?！敬鸢浮?1)Itseemstome

(2)Ithappenedthat

(3)Wedid_______________wewereinvitedtoshareourideaandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.我們做得很好，以至于被邀請(qǐng)與學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生分享我們的想法和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(4)Inordertomakeherselfmorebeautiful,she____________________yesterday.為了讓自己更漂亮，她昨天把頭發(fā)剪了。【答案】(3)sowellthat

(4)hadherhaircut

2．(P3)ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.【翻譯】通過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售潔凈水，霍亂對(duì)世界各地的威脅大幅減少?！揪涫狡饰觥?/p>

“thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease”是一個(gè)以無生命的名詞詞組作主語的句式?！盁o生命的名詞＋see/find/witness…”意為“……經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、見證、目睹某事”?！練w納拓展】有些動(dòng)詞，如see,find,witness等，可以用地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語，表示某地或某時(shí)經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、見證或目睹某事。Thetwentiethcenturywitnessedtwoworldwars.二十世紀(jì)經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】

完成句子(1)_________________theimprovementofpeople’slife.這棵老樹見證了人們的生活得到了改善。(2)_______________himwanderingaloneintheevening.夜晚，他獨(dú)自一人在寂靜的街道上徘徊。【答案】(1)Theoldtreehasseen

(2)Thequietstreetfound

3．(P3)Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.【翻譯】此外，通過使用地圖和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式?！揪涫狡饰觥?/p>

“Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases”，是主從復(fù)合句。“scientistsstudydiseases”是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾“theway”?！練w納拓展】在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，theway作先行詞時(shí)有以下三種情況：(1)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，關(guān)系詞用inwhich，that或省略。(2)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，關(guān)系詞用that或which。(3)關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，關(guān)系詞用that,which或省略。Duringthosetimes,musiccanhelpyouinthesameway(that/inwhich)

ithelpedme.在那些時(shí)候，音樂可以像幫助我一樣幫助你。【針對(duì)練習(xí)】

單句語法填空(1)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_____hesaidit.(2)Noonewillsupporttheway_______hementionedatthemeeting.(3)Isthistheway__________wasagainstbymanypeople?【答案】(1)inwhich/that/省略(2)that/which/省略(3)which/that

完成句子(4)TheSmithsarepraisedfor_____________theirchildren.史密斯夫婦因教育孩子的方式而受到稱贊。(5)Idon’tknow___________________suchabigfire.我不知道湯姆是怎么在這么大的火災(zāi)中幸存下來的。【答案】(4)thewaytheybringup

(5)thewayTomsurvived

隨堂知能小練Ⅰ．單句語法填空

1．Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannual__________(subscribe)inAmerica,usuallyfrom$8to$10ayear.2．Alargenumberofpeoplewere__________(severe)injuredintheaccident.【答案】1．subscriptions

2．severely

3．____________(suspect)thetravellerofcarryingdrugs,thecustomsofficialstoppedhimandwentthroughhissuitcase.4．Eitherheorhiswifeis__________(blame)forthebadbehaviouroftheboy.5．Mostfoodwebs,forinstances,consistofmanyweak________(link)ratherthanafewstrongones.【答案】3．Suspecting

4．toblame

5．links

6．They____________(defeat)theirenemiesbeforetheycouldgethelp.7．Althoughherrelativesdidn’tthinkshecouldliveforthreemonths,theolddoctorfinallycuredher__________herdisease.8．Expertswarnthatmedicalwaste