醫(yī)學(xué)英語2(詞匯)

1.詞綴法(1)詞根

aem-arterio-bio-cardio-cyt-denti-gastro-hepato-myelo-myo-nephro-neural-ocul-nutri-peps-ossteo- patho-pneumono-tom-,atomtox-

ur-vaso-TheRegularityofNomenclatureOfMed.andBiol.Terms

醫(yī)學(xué)及生物學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法

(2)前綴

A．基本前綴anti-antibodyun-unhealthyim-implantationex-excrete血動脈生命心臟細(xì)胞腎臟神經(jīng)眼營養(yǎng)消化骨疾病肺切、割牙齒胃肝臟脊髓肌肉毒尿血管B.術(shù)語前綴a-afebrilean-anemiades-desinfection

dia-dialysisdys-dysuriainter-intercellularhyper-hyperacidityhypo-hypoglycemiamacro-macrophagemicro-microphagemulti-multicellular

oligo-oliguria

para-parahepatitis

trans-transposition

C．基本后綴

-tion

n.transplantation-ment

n.movement-ify

v.modify-ize

v.organize-ablea.viable-ary

a.capillary-ly

ad.therapeutically-wardad.forward

無不發(fā)熱無貧血無消毒通過透析困難排尿困難在..之間細(xì)胞間的過多胃酸過多缺少低血糖巨大巨噬細(xì)胞微小小噬細(xì)胞多多細(xì)胞的少尿少癥周圍肝周圍組織炎經(jīng)、穿移位D.術(shù)語后綴

-accardiac-cidebactericide-cyte

leucocyte-formcylindriform

-itis appendicitis-algia

arthralgia

-emialeukemia-otomy

gastrotomy-ectomy

hepatectomy-ia-achestomachache-cele

myelocele

2.合成法Pneumono-mycos

salpmgo-oophor-itis

nyctalbumin-uriastaphylococc-emia

thromboblastosis

hepatocholangioduodenostomy

3.縮略法AB=asthmaticAb=antibodyab=abortionRC=redcellAID=acuteinfectiousdiseasepert=pertussis為..所有的心臟的殺死殺菌劑細(xì)胞白細(xì)胞樣筒狀的切除術(shù)肝切除術(shù)病癥

痛胃痛突出脊髓突出炎癥闌尾炎痛關(guān)節(jié)痛血癥白血病切開術(shù)胃切開術(shù)肺霉菌病

輸卵管卵巢炎癥夜的白蛋白尿葡萄球菌血癥血小板爆炸/猛漲/增多肝膽管十二指腸切除術(shù)1.詞綴法A.詞根carbo-mercuri-hydro-mangano-oxy- sodio-nitro-potassio-phopho-sulf-ammo-silico-chloro-cupro-fluoro-ferri-bromo-ferro-iodo-argent-TheRegularityofNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds

無機(jī)物的命名規(guī)則B.后綴

-ic

-ouscupricoxidecupriousoxideferricoxideferrousoxidenitricacidnitrousacid碳汞氫錳氧鈉硝基鉀磷硫氨硅氯亞銅氟鐵溴亞鐵碘銀高價金屬和正酸詞尾低價金屬和亞酸詞尾氧化銅氧化亞銅氧化鐵氧化亞鐵硝酸亞硝酸

C前綴

per-

per--icacidper--ate

-ate-ite-ide正酸鹽詞尾亞酸鹽詞尾無氧酸鹽詞尾氯酸鹽亞氯酸鹽氯化物硝酸亞硝酸氮化物硫酸鹽亞硫酸鹽硫化物nitratenitritenitridesulfatesulfitesulfidechloratechloritechloride

percarbonicacidpercarbonate

peroxynitricacidperoxynitrate

permanganicacidpermanganatehypo-

hypo--icacidhypo--ousacidhypo--atehypo--ite

hypophosphoricacidhypophosphate過、高過/高…酸過/高…酸鹽過碳酸過碳酸鹽過硝酸過硝酸鹽高錳酸高錳酸鹽次、亞次(正)…酸次(亞)…酸次(正)…酸鹽次(亞)…酸鹽連二磷酸連二磷酸鹽次碘酸次碘酸鹽hypoiodousacidhypoioditepyro-pyro--icacidpyro--ousacid

pyro--atepyro--itemeta-meta--icacidmeta--ousacidmeta--atemeta--ite焦焦(正)…酸焦(亞)…酸焦(正)…酸鹽焦(亞)…酸鹽

pyrophosphoric

acid

pyrophosphorousacid

pyrophosphate

pyrophosphite焦磷酸焦磷酸鹽焦亞磷酸焦亞磷酸鹽metaphosphoric

acid

metaphosphorous

acidmetaphosphate

metaphosphite偏偏(正)…酸偏(亞)…酸偏(正)…酸鹽偏(亞)…酸鹽偏磷酸偏磷酸鹽偏亞磷酸偏亞磷酸鹽mono-bi-/di-tri-tetra-penta-monooxide

bioxide

trisulfide

tetrasulfide

pentasulfidesexa-septa-octa-none-deca-

2.合成法

hydrochloricacidhydrochloridehydrocarbon

氫的氯正酸詞尾氫的氯無氧酸鹽詞尾氫的碳

3.縮略法O=oxygenB=boronC=carbonS=sulfurb.Br.=bromineSi=siliconNa=natriumAl=aluminumc.Ag=argentumHg=hydrargyrum

d.Fe2O3=ferricoxideKI=potassiumiodode

鹽酸氫氯化物碳?xì)浠衔?/p>

氧硼

碳

硫溴硅鈉鋁銀汞氧化鐵鉀TheRegularityofNomenclatureOfOrganicCompounds

有機(jī)物的命名規(guī)則

⒈詞綴法

（1）詞根

-meth--eth--prop--but--pent-hex--hept--oct--non--dec-甲乙丙丁戊巳庚辛壬癸十一十二十三十四十五十六十七十八十九二十-undec--dodec--tridec--tetradec--pentadec--hexadec--heptadec--octadec--nonadec--eicos-（2）后綴

A．表示烴的后綴基烷烴化合物名稱(ground)(alkane)后綴-yl-ane

e.g.ethylethane

pentylpentane

octyloctane

乙荃,乙烷基戊(烷)基辛基乙烷戊烷辛烷B.表示醇、醛、酮、胺的后綴化合物名稱醇醛

(alcohol)(aldehyde)后綴-anol-anal

e.g.propanol

propanal

butanol

butanal

烯烴炔烴化合物名稱

(alkene)(alkyne)后綴

-ene

yne/-inee.g.ethene

ethyne

pentene

pentyne

octene

octyne化合物名酮胺

(ketone)(amine)后綴

-anone-aminee.g.propanone

propylaminebutanone

butylamine乙烯戊烯辛烯乙炔戊炔辛炔丙醇丁醇丙醛丁醛丙酮丁酮丙胺丁胺（3）表示化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的前綴n-:normaliso-:isomerictrans-:transoidpri-:primarysec-:secondtert-:tertiaryo-:orthom-:metap-:parav-:vicinalunsym-:unsymmetricalsym-:symmetricalS-:simisterR-:rectus

D-:dextrorotatoryL-:laevorotatoryC.有機(jī)酸后綴

-anoice.g.methanoicacidethanoicacidbutanoicacidD.糖類的命名后綴

-osee.g.methose

biose

triose

tetroseE.酶的確后半綴

-asee.g.diataselipaseF.生物堿后綴

-inee.g.atropine

hyoscyamine甲酸乙酸丁酸甲糖乙糖丙糖四糖/丁糖淀粉糖化酶脂肪酶阿托品莨菪堿正異反伯仲叔鄰間對連偏均S型R型右旋的左旋的3.縮略法

DPM:diphenylmethane

HAB:p-hydroxyazobenzene

end2.合成法A：詞根benzenecyanophenylacylaminoazoaminediazoammoniumazidephenolquinoetherhydrazineketon

hydrazone

stero

oximee.g.methylaminep-dichlorobenzenemethylisobutylketone苯氰苯基?；被嫉分氐@疊氮酚醌乙醚肼酮腙甾肟甲胺二對氯苯甲基異丁酮二苯甲烷對羥基偶氮苯酒精堿氨酸乙酸乙酰酸氫氟酸氟化氫b.alc:alcoholalk:alkaliammon:ammoniacalc.ac:acid/aceticacid/acetylHF:hydrofluoricacid/hydrogenfluorideⅠ.a-一個

aneurism動脈瘤（一個擴(kuò)大的動脈狀態(tài)）

a+neur+ism

∣

∣

∣

一個擴(kuò)大狀態(tài)Ⅱ.an-無

anoxemia

缺氧血癥構(gòu)詞實例

∣

∣

︱

︱

︱

血管擴(kuò)張血管皮炎an+ox+emia

∣

∣

∣

無氧血癥Ⅲ.angei-，angi-，angio-血管1.Angeitis

脈管炎，angiochondroma

血管軟骨瘤angei+itis

angio+chondr+oma

∣

∣︱

︱

︱

血管炎血管軟骨瘤2.Angiectasis

血管擴(kuò)張，angiodermatitis

皮血管炎angi+ectasis

angio+dermat+itis

∣

∣

︱︱

︱

脈管炎血管脂肪瘤

︱

︱

︱

血管心病3.angitis

脈管炎angiolipoma

血管脂肪瘤ang+itis

angio+lip+oma4.angioblast

成血管細(xì)胞angioneuromyoma

血管神經(jīng)肌瘤angio+blastangio+neuro+my+oma

∣

∣

︱

︱

︱︱

血管成…細(xì)胞血管神經(jīng)肌瘤5.angiocardiography

心血管造影術(shù)angioparalysis

血管麻痹病

angi+cardio+graphy

angio+paraly+sis

∣

∣

∣

︱

︱

︱