報(bào)關(guān)與國(guó)際貨運(yùn)專業(yè)英語Module Two 第一單元

ModuleTwoInspectionDeclaration

Unit1IntroductiontoEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineⅠ.ConceptofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantinereferstothesupervisionandmanagementworkofinspectionandquarantineagenciesandorgans,includinginspection,quarantineandcertificationontheentry&exitgoods,conveyanceandpersons.

一、出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的概念出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫是指檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門和檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)依照法律.行政法規(guī)和國(guó)際慣例等的要求，對(duì)出入境的貨物、交通運(yùn)輸工具、人員等進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)檢疫、認(rèn)證及簽發(fā)官方檢驗(yàn)檢疫證明等監(jiān)督管理工作。Ⅱ.EmergenceofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.In1348,thefirsthealthquarantinestationwassetupinVenice,Italy.2.In1864,thefirstChinesecommodityinspectionagencies,ShanghaiRenjiForeignFirm,theissuanceagentofLloyd'sofLondonstartedthebusinessofmarineinsurance,shipinspection,andevaluation.3.In1928,NationalGovernmentDepartmentofTradeandIndustryissuedProvisionalRulesofCommodityExportInspection,whichwasthefirstregulationoncommodityinspectioninChina.4.In1929,ShanghaiCommodityInspectionBureauundertheMinistryofIndustryandCommercewasestablished,whichwasthefirstofficialcommodityinspectionagenciesestablishedbygovernment.5.In1932,theRepublicofChinaissuedCommodityInspectionAct,thefirstlawofChinesecommodityinspection.6.TheonlytwobureausofcommodityinspectionexistingduringAnti-JapaneseWarweretheChongqingCommodityInspectionBureauandtheKunmingCommodityInspectionBureau.7.In1940,Wang'spuppetgovernmentcontinuedtoimplementCommodityInspectionAct,andsetCommodityInspectionBureausinShanghai,Tianjin,Qingdaoandothercities.8.AfterthefoundationofnewChina,theForeignTradeDivisionundertheCentralMinistryofTradeestablishedtheCommodityInspectionDepartment,unifiedthenationalcommodityinspectionwork,andsetuplocalCommodityInspectionBureauacrossthecountry.9.In1952,theCentralMinistryofTradewasdividedintotheCommerceofDepartmentandtheForeignTradeMinistry.10.In1959,PremierZhouemphasizedthatforeigntradersshouldabidebythecontract,behonestandfocusonthequalityratherthanthequantity,regardingthequalityproblemsintheimportandexportcommodities.11.In1972,theForeignTradeMinistryissuednotificationonstrengtheningthequalityinspectionofexportcommoditiesinviewofthequalityreductionprobleminexportcommodities.12.In1980,CommodityInspectionBureauoftheMinistryofForeignTradewaschangedintotheGeneralAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditiessupervisedbyboththecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernment,andthecentralgovernmentplaysthemainleadingrole.13.In1982,theStateCouncilwasrestructuredandtheGeneralAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditieswasrenamedtheStateAdministrationfortheInspectionofImportandExportCommoditiessupervisedbyMOFTEC（theMinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation）.14.OnFebruary21st,1989,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonImportandExportCommodityInspectionwasapproved.15.In1992,approvedbytheStateCouncil,theRegulationsfortheImplementationoftheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonImportandExportCommodityInspectionpromulgatedbyStateAdministrationofImportandExportCommodityInspectioncameintoforce.16.In1903,theCentral-eastRailwayAdministrationsetupVeterinaryQuarantineDepartment,whichwasthefirstanimalandplantquarantineinstitutioninChina.17.In1927,theInspectionStationforFur,LeatherandMeatundertheMinistryofAgricultureandIndustrywasestablishedinTianjin,anditwasofficialanimalandplantquarantineorganinChina.18.OnOctober30th,1991,theLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheEntryandExitAnimalandPlantQuarantinewaspromulgated.In1995,StateAnimalandPlantQuarantineStationwasrenamedGeneralAdministrationofAnimalandPlantInspection.19.In1873,ShanghaiandXiamenCustomssetuphealthandquarantineinstitutions,whichwerethebeginningofthehealthandquarantinewithinChina'sterritory.20.In1986,theFrontierHealthandQuarantineLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawaspromulgated,andin1992,allsanitaryquarantineofficeswererenamedhygienequarantinebureaus,andin1995,GeneralHealthQuarantineBureauwasrenamedtheHealthQuarantineBureauofPRC.二、出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的產(chǎn)生1.1348年意大利政府在威尼斯港建立了世界上第一個(gè)衛(wèi)生檢疫站。2.1864年，由英商勞合社的保險(xiǎn)代理人上海仁記洋行代辦水險(xiǎn)和船舶檢驗(yàn)、鑒定業(yè)務(wù)，這是中國(guó)第一個(gè)辦理商檢的機(jī)構(gòu)。3.1928年，國(guó)民政府工商部頒布了《商品出口檢驗(yàn)暫行規(guī)則》，這是中國(guó)有關(guān)商品檢驗(yàn)的第一個(gè)法規(guī)。4.1929年，工商部上海商品檢驗(yàn)局成立，這是中國(guó)第一個(gè)由國(guó)家設(shè)立的官方商品檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)。5.1932年，國(guó)民政府行政院通過了《商品檢驗(yàn)法》，這是中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)最早的法律。6.抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期僅存的兩個(gè)商品檢驗(yàn)局是重慶商檢局和昆明商檢局。7.1940年，汪偽政府也照搬了原國(guó)民政府的商檢法，并設(shè)立上海、天津和青島等商檢局。8.新中國(guó)成立以后，中央貿(mào)易部國(guó)外貿(mào)易司設(shè)立了商品檢驗(yàn)處，統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國(guó)商檢工作，并在各地設(shè)立商檢局。9.1952年，中央貿(mào)易部分為商業(yè)部和對(duì)外貿(mào)易部。10.1959年，周恩來總理針對(duì)進(jìn)出口商品存在的質(zhì)量問題，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)外貿(mào)易必須“重合同、守信用，重質(zhì)先于重量”。11.1972年，針對(duì)出口商品質(zhì)量下降等問題，對(duì)外貿(mào)易部發(fā)出“關(guān)于把好出口商品質(zhì)量關(guān)的通知”。12.1980年，將外貿(mào)部商品檢驗(yàn)總局改為進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)總局，中央地方雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為主。13.1982年，國(guó)務(wù)院機(jī)構(gòu)改革，進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)總局更名為進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)局，由外經(jīng)貿(mào)部管理。14.1989年2月21日通過了《中華人民共和國(guó)進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)法》。15.1992年，經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，由國(guó)家商檢局發(fā)布施行《中華人民共和國(guó)進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)法實(shí)施條例》。16.1903年，在中東鐵路管理局建立了鐵路獸醫(yī)檢疫處，這是中國(guó)最早的進(jìn)出境動(dòng)植物檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)。17.1927年，天津成立的“農(nóng)工部毛革肉類檢查所”，是中國(guó)官方最早的動(dòng)植物檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)。18.1991年10月30日公布了《中華人民共和國(guó)進(jìn)出境動(dòng)植物檢疫法》，1995年國(guó)家動(dòng)植物檢疫總所更名為國(guó)家動(dòng)植物檢疫局。19.1873年，在上海、廈門海關(guān)設(shè)立衛(wèi)生檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)，這是中國(guó)國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫的雛形。20.1986年公布了《中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫法》，1992年各地衛(wèi)生檢疫所更名為衛(wèi)生檢疫局，1995年中華人民共和國(guó)衛(wèi)生檢疫總所更名為中華人民共和國(guó)衛(wèi)生檢疫局。

Ⅲ.TheDevelopmentofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.InMarch,1998,theStateCouncilcarriedoutinstitutionalreform.StateAdministrationofImportandExportCommoditiesInspection,StateAdministrationofAnimalandPlantquarantine,andStateAdministrationofHealthandQuarantineweremergedtoestablishtheAdministrationofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine,namelycombiningthreeinspectionsintoone.

2.OnApril10th,2001,theformerAdministrationofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineandChinaStateBureauofQualityTechnicalSupervision（CSBTS）weremergedtosetuptheGeneralAdministrationforQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantine（AQSIQ）.Atthesametime,theCertificationandAccreditationAdministrationofthePRCandtheStandardizationAdministrationofthePRCwereestablishedtoseparatelymanagetheworkofqualitycertificationandaccreditationaswellasstandardization.

三、出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的發(fā)展1.1998年3月，國(guó)務(wù)院實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)改革，國(guó)家進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)局、國(guó)家動(dòng)植物檢疫局、國(guó)家衛(wèi)生檢疫局合并組建國(guó)家出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局，即“三檢合一”。2.2001年4月10日，原國(guó)家出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局和國(guó)家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局合并成立國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局，同時(shí)成立國(guó)家認(rèn)證認(rèn)可監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)和國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)，分別管理全國(guó)質(zhì)量認(rèn)證、認(rèn)可和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作。Ⅳ.

LegalStatusofChinaEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.

ThelegalstatusofChinaEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisfundamentallyestablishedbytheformoflaw.2.TheStateAdministrationforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine（SAIQ）istheadministrativelawenforcementinstitutionsoffourlaws,andpossesseslawrights.Withtheaimofthecentralization,unityandconsistency,itimplementstheverticalsystemofleadershipapprovedbytheStateCouncil.3.TherelativelycompletedlawandregulationsysteminChinaisthefoundationforinspectionandquarantineinstitutionstoimplementlaw.4.ThecompletesupervisionproceduresofChinainspection&quarantinelawsandregulationsguaranteetheefficientenforcementoflaws.FromJanuary1st,2000,thenewcustomsclearancemodewascarriedout:inspectiondeclarationfirst,customssecond.四、中國(guó)出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的法律地位1.國(guó)家以法律形式從根本上確定了中國(guó)出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的法律地位。2.中國(guó)出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)是四部法律的行政執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)，依法具有執(zhí)法主體地位。為強(qiáng)調(diào)執(zhí)法的集中統(tǒng)一和一致對(duì)外，國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門實(shí)行垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。3.中國(guó)相對(duì)完成的出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫法律法規(guī)體系，是檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)依法施檢的執(zhí)法基礎(chǔ)。4.中國(guó)檢驗(yàn)檢疫法律法規(guī)具有完備的監(jiān)管程序，保證了法律的有效實(shí)施。自2000年1月1日起，我國(guó)實(shí)行的新通關(guān)模式為：“先報(bào)檢、再報(bào)關(guān)?！雹?TheRoleofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheembodimentofnationalsovereignty.2.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheembodimentofnationalmanagementfunction.3.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineistheguaranteeofsuccessfultransactionsandsustainabledevelopmentofChineseforeigntrade.4.Entry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisofsignificantmeaninginprotectingtheproductionsafetyofagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfishery,promotingtheforeigntradeofagriculturalandanimalproductsandprotectingcitizen'shealth.5.Theimplementationoffrontierhealthquarantineinentry-exitinspectionandquarantineistheguaranteeofourpeople'shealth.五、中國(guó)出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的作用其包括：①出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫是國(guó)家主權(quán)的體現(xiàn)。②出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫是國(guó)家管理職能的體現(xiàn)。③出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫是中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易順利進(jìn)行和持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。④出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫對(duì)保護(hù)農(nóng)林牧漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全、促進(jìn)農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品的對(duì)外貿(mào)易和保護(hù)人體健康具有重要的意義。⑤出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫實(shí)施國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫是保護(hù)我國(guó)人民健康的重要屏障。Ⅵ.ObjectiveandTaskofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineisageneralterm,includingtheinspection,quarantine,appraisalsupervisionandadministrationontheentry&exitcommodities,theconveyance（forgoods,animals,plantsandpassengers）,transportationequipment,andhealthquarantineonentrypersonsaswellashealthsupervisionattheport,whichareallconductedbytheentry&exitinstitutionsinaccordancewithnationalinspectionandquarantinelawsandregulations.

TheobjectiveandtaskofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineinclude:

Firstly,implementinspection,appraisal,supervisionandadministrationovertheentry-exitcommodities.Strengthentheinspectionofentry-exitcommodities,standardizeinspectionandquarantineprocedureinordertoprotectpublicinterestandlegalrightofallrelevantpartiesinimportandexporttrade,andpromoteforeigntradedevelopment.

Secondly,implementquarantine,supervisionandadministrationontheentry-exitanimals,plantsandtheirproductsincludingconveyanceandthepackingmaterials,topreventgermsandpestsfrombeingbroughtinoroutandprotecthumanhealthandglobalenvironment.

Thirdly,implementfrontierhealthquarantineandporthealthsupervisionovertheentry-exitpersons,conveyance,transportationequipmentandpotentialtransmissionmedialikeluggage,goods,andparcels,topreventthetransmissionofinfectiousdisease.

Fourthly,breakTechnicalBarrierstoTrade（TBTininternationaltrade）.

六、出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的目的和任務(wù)出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫工作是出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)依照國(guó)家檢驗(yàn)檢疫法律法規(guī)規(guī)定，對(duì)進(jìn)出境的商品以及運(yùn)載這些商品、動(dòng)植物和旅客的交通工具、運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，分別實(shí)施檢驗(yàn)、檢疫、鑒定、監(jiān)督管理，對(duì)出入境人員實(shí)施衛(wèi)生檢疫及口岸衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督的統(tǒng)稱。出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫的目的和任務(wù)包括：第一，對(duì)進(jìn)出口商品進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)、鑒定和監(jiān)督管理，加強(qiáng)進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)工作，規(guī)范進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)行為，維護(hù)社會(huì)公共利益和進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易有關(guān)各方的合法權(quán)益，促進(jìn)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的順利發(fā)展。第二，對(duì)出入境動(dòng)植物及其產(chǎn)品，包括其運(yùn)輸工具及包裝材料進(jìn)行檢疫和監(jiān)督管理，防止病菌害蟲等傳入或傳出，保護(hù)人類健康及國(guó)際環(huán)境。

第三，對(duì)出入境人員、交通工具、運(yùn)輸設(shè)備以及可能傳播病菌的行李、貨物、郵包等物品實(shí)施國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫和口岸衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督，防止傳染病的傳播。第四，打破國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的技術(shù)性壁壘Ⅶ.ManagementSystemandInstitutionalFrameworkofEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantine1.AQSIQ（GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervisionInspectionandQuarantine）appliesverticalmanagementoverentry&exitinspectionandquarantineorgans.2.AQSIQisthetopleadingunitinthequalitysupervisionsystemandresponsibleforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineacrossthecountry.Itisalsoaministerial-leveldepartmentdirectlyundertheStateCouncil.3.Entry-exitinstitutionsaredividedintothreelevelswhichareAQSIQ,administrationsofentry-exitinspectionandquarantine,andthebranchentry-exitinspectionandquarantineinstitution.4.Thebranchentry-e