銀行海外擴(kuò)張中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

銀行海外擴(kuò)張中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)銀行海外擴(kuò)張中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)OverseasExpansionChina'sbanksarelaunchingoverseasexpansionprojectswhilemultinationalbanksvietostartoperationsinChinaByTANWEITheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC),theworld'sbiggestlenderbymarketvalue,willacquirea20-percentstakeinSouthAfrica'sStandardBankfor$5.5billion,saidICBCPresidentYangKaisheng,atthe4thAnnualConferenceofInternationalFinanceForumjustconcludedonNovember8.Iftheacquisitionisclosedsmoothly,itwillbeamilestoneforChina'scommercialbanksthatarestrivingtodeliverabetterperformanceontheglobalfinancialstage.DifferingfromthesmallBankHalimofIndonesiaandSengHengBankofMacaowhichtheChinesebankpurchasedseveralmonthsago,StandardBankofSouthAfricaistrulyamajorinternationalbank.StandardBankhasapresencein18Africancountriesand19majorfinancialcentersinEurope,NorthAmericaandAsia,andisfocusingitsexpansioninburgeoningmarkets.IttoppedallotherAfricanbanksintermsofassetsandprofitsandranked106thintheTop1,000WorldBanksbyTheBankermagazinelastyear.Besidesthisrecentnews,ChinaMinshengBankCorp.alsoannouncedonOctober8thatitwouldpayupto2.5billionyuan($333.3million)fora9.9-percentstakeinUCBHHoldingInc.,theNasdaq-listedparentcompanyofU.S.-basedUnitedCommercialBank.ThiswasthefirstoverseasacquisitionoftheBeijing-basedmid-sizedlenderaswellasthefirsteveracquisitionofaU.S.bankbyaChinesebank.OnNovember8,ChinaMerchantsBankgotthegreenlightfromtheU.S.FederalReserveforopeningabranchinNewYork-thefirstnodgivenbythefinancialsecuritywatchdogtoaChinesebankforbranchoperationsinU.S.territoryafteritimplementedtheForeignBankSupervisionEnhancementActof1991(FBSEA).Inrecentyears,moreChinesebanksincludingtheBankofChina(BOC),ChinaConstructionBank(CCB)andChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)haveconcludedoverseasacquisitionsdeals."ThedomesticmarketwillremainthemajorsourceofprofitsforChinesebanksforquitealongperiodoftime,"saidGuoTianyong,DirectoroftheResearchCenteroftheChineseBankingIndustryundertheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomics."ButconfrontedwithforeignbankskeenonsecuringlargerstakesintheChinesemarket,Chinesebankshavetogetstrongerthroughinvestingoverseas,andit'sundoubtedlyaneffectivewaytolowerrisks."BiggerandstrongerThetwo-wayopeningupofChina'sfinancialindustry-allowingforeignbankstoinvestintheChinesemarketandencouragingdomesticbankstoseeksharesofoverseasmarkets--isatrendofglobalization,saidPengXingyun,aresearcherwiththeFinancialResearchCenterundertheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.NobodywouldhavetakenPeng'sopinionseriouslyifhehadexpresseditseveralyearsagowhenalmostallChina'scommercialbankssufferedfromnon-performingloans(NPLs)accumulatedbeforethe1990s,andextremelylowcapitaladequacyrateswhichfailedtooffsetanyrisk."HugechangeshavetakenplaceinChina'sbankingindustryinrecentyears,"saidPeng.China'sbankingsectorhastakenonanewlookduetothefactthatallmajorstate-ownedcommercialbankshavetakenpainstoridthemselvesofhistoricalburdens,loweringtherateofNPLsandpreparingforIPOsthroughshareholdingreformoverthepastseveralyears.Forexample,CCB,BOC,ICBCandsomeregionalshareholdingbankshavebeenlistedonthestockmarketandattractedoverseasstrategicinvestorsinsuccessionafter2003.BySeptember30,2007,ICBC,CCBandBOCranked,respectively,theworld'sfirst,fifthandsixthlargestlistedbanksbymarketvalue.IthasbeenamustchoiceforChineseenterpriseseagertoovercometheirdevelopmentbottlenecktoinvestoverseasinordertoobtainresources,energies,brandinfluenceandsaleschannels,andthebankingsectorisnoexception."It'stherighttimeforChinesebankstolaunchoverseasexpansion,"saidLuoZhiheng,GeneralManagerofBOCIResearchLtd."Thegreatpressureofrenminbiappreciationandexcessdomesticliquidityneedstobeeasedbyinvestingoverseas,andbesides,itwillbeagoodbargainforChinesebankstopurchaseinternationalfinancialassetsagainstthebackdropofChina'sbullishstockmarketsandexcessforeignexchangereserves."Bytheendofthethirdquarterthisyear,China'sforeignexchangereserveshadswelledto$1.43trillion,remainingtheworld'slargest.Chinastillfacessevereliquidity.Thenetinjectionofmoneywas195.8billionyuan($26.1billion)forthefirstthreequartersofthisyear,ayear-on-yearincreaseof30.2billionyuan($4.0billion).Asasolution,thegovernmenthasfoundedtheChinaInvestmentCorp.tosoakupexcessliquidityandatthesametimemoderatelyreleasedliquidityandincreasedqualifieddomesticinstitutionalinvestor(QDII)quotastoencouragetheoutflowofcapitalfromChina."Againstthisbackdrop,Chinesebankscouldavoidrisksintheexchangeratemarketandhelptoeasethepressureonthegovernmentfromitshugeforexreservesthroughoverseasassetsacquisition,"saidGuo.CaiEsheng,ViceChairmanoftheChinaBankingRegulatoryCommission(CBRC),madeitexplicitthattheCBRCwouldactivelyencourageandsupportChinesefinancialinstitutionstoseekoverseasexpansion.Steppingstonestosuccess"Cross-bordermergersandacquisitionshavebeenamajormethodforamajorityofChinesebankstotackleoverseasmarketsinrecentyears,"saidYang."Theworld'stop10banksbymarketvaluelastyearallgotbiggerthroughmergerandacquisitionactivities."AccordingtoXiaBin,DirectoroftheInstituteofFinanceResearchundertheDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil,overseasacquisitionisthemostconvenientwayforbankstoimplementglobalexpansionstrategiesasithelpstoaugmenttheircapitalsize."Thesizeofabankchangesindirectproportiontocustomertrustaswellasthebank'smarketshare,"saidXia."Animpressivesizeendowsabankwithacompetitiveedge,andacquisitionalsohelpsabanktosaveresources,optimizeresourceallocation,increaseitsmarketshares,loweritsoperationalcostsandaugmentitsprofits."BurgeoningmarketsarethetargetsofacquisitionformanyChinesebanks."ICBCwillparticularlykeepaneyeontheemergingmarketsbecauseofthehighgrowthanddevelopmentpotentialthere,"saidJiangJianqing,ICBC'sBoardChairman,explainingwhytheytookaninterestinSouthAfrica'sStandardBank."Besides,thebankingsectorinthesemarketsopensupfastertoallowinmoreandmorecross-borderacquisitions."China'sbankshaveseldomgainedafootholdinregionsenjoyinghugebusinesspotentialsuchasSouthAsia,theMiddleEast,AfricaandLatinAmerica,WangLijun,GeneralManagerofBOC'sOverseasBranchDepartment,pointedout.ButforChina'scommercialbanks,theseregionswillofferremarkableopportunitiesforbusinessexpansionandgrowth."TheAsianmarketwillbecomeamainstageforChinesebankstocarryouttheiroverseasexpansionstrategiesinthecomingfewyears,"Guosaid."ComparedwiththeEuropeanandAmericanfinancialmarketswherethesupervisionisrigid,thecostishighandthechancesarerareforanyacquisition,theAsianmarketsprovidehugepotentialforprofitsanddemandlowcostsforacquisition."RisksanduncertaintiesOverseasexpansionhasneverbeenassmoothasambitiousChinesebankshaveexpected.Forinstance,ChinaDevelopmentBankandChinaStateInvestmentCo.aresufferingheavylossesfromtheiroverseasinvestments,respectivelyinBarclaysBankofEnglandandtheU.S.BlackstoneGroup.AccordingtoLuo,themajorproblemwithChinesebanks'overseasexpansionishighbidding."Evensomelargematurebankswillmakesuchmistakes,"saidLuo,citingthefamousdealoftheDevelopmentBankofSingapore(DBS)acquiringHongKong'sDaoHengBankin2001.DBSmergedDaoHengatapricethreetimeshigherthanitsbookvalue,andasaresultaterm"Singaporepremium"wascreatedtorefertoacquisitionsatahighpriceintheinternationalfinancialmarket.Currently,inotherfieldsofmergerandacquisition,theterm"Chinapremium"isprevailing.Whetheritwillbefrequentlyreferredtointhebankingacquisitionlexiconremainsaquestion.Furthermore,lackofexperiencewillalsobringChinesebanksgreatrisksincross-borderacquisitions."Apartfromeconomicrisks,therearealsorisksrelatedtopoliticsandsovereignty,"saidPeng."SomeWesterncountries,infearofChina'srapideconomicgrowthandglobalizationprogress,willconsolidatetheirpoliticalintentionsandfomentnationalistagitationsinitspeople."High-qualityservicesaretheonlykeyforChinesebankstotackleoverseasmarkets,accordingtoGuo."Thebiggestriskrestswithwhethertheycanadapttheirmanagementstyletotheneedsofoverseasoperations,"saidGuo.GuoalsopointedoutthatChina'scommercialbanks,exceptfortheBankofChina,alllackexperienceinoverseasoperationsandremaindomesticbankintermsoftheirmanagement,businessconcepts,andthecompetitivenessoftheirstaff.**OverseasAcquisitionsbyChineseBanks**TheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC)October2007:TheICBCannounceditwouldacquirea20-percentstakeinSouthAfrica'sStandardBankfor$5.5billiontobecomeitslargestshareholder.August2007:TheICBCpaid$583millionforan80-percentstakeintheSengHengBankofMacao.December2006:TheICBCacquiredacontrolling90-percentstakeoftheBankHalimofIndonesia,whichmarkedtheworld'slargestlender'sfirstoverseasacquisition.ChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)July-August2007:TheCDBsignedapurchaseagreementandacooperationmemorandumwithBarclaysBankofEnglandonJuly23,andpaid$3billionfora3.1-percentstakeinBarclays'existingsharecapitalinAugust.ChinaConstructionBank(CCB)August2006:TheCCBagreedtobuyouttheBankofAmerica'sHongKongandMacaooperationsfor$1.2billion.海外拓展中資銀行開(kāi)展海外擴(kuò)張項(xiàng)目，而跨國(guó)銀行爭(zhēng)先恐后地在中國(guó)開(kāi)始運(yùn)營(yíng)中國(guó)工商銀行（ICBC），全球最大市值的貸款人，將以55億美元收購(gòu)南非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銀行百分之二十的股份，工商銀行總裁楊凱生在11月8日剛剛結(jié)束第四屆國(guó)際金融論壇年會(huì)宣稱(chēng)。如果收購(gòu)順利結(jié)束，這將是中國(guó)正在努力登上全球金融舞臺(tái)更好的證明，中資商業(yè)銀行的一個(gè)里程碑。與數(shù)個(gè)月前中資銀行在澳門(mén)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了小印尼哈利姆銀行和澳門(mén)誠(chéng)興銀行不同的是，南非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銀行是一個(gè)真正的大型國(guó)際銀行。南非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銀行已在18個(gè)非洲國(guó)家和在歐洲19個(gè)主要國(guó)家，北美和亞洲的金融中心存在，目前正集中在新興市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)張。它資產(chǎn)和收益方面超越其他所有非洲國(guó)家的銀行，去年被評(píng)為銀行家雜志第106屆世界前1000家銀行。除此之外最新消息，10月8日中國(guó)民生銀行公司還宣布，將支付高達(dá)以25.00億元（三萬(wàn)三千三百三十點(diǎn)〇〇〇萬(wàn)美元）收購(gòu)聯(lián)合銀行控股公司在納斯達(dá)克上市的母公司為基礎(chǔ)美國(guó)商業(yè)銀行9.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)股份，。這是北京第一次收購(gòu)海外中型銀行，以及中資銀行首次對(duì)一家美國(guó)銀行進(jìn)行收購(gòu)。11月8日，中國(guó)招商銀行在紐約開(kāi)立了第一個(gè)中資銀行在美國(guó)境內(nèi)分行，自1991年實(shí)施對(duì)外資銀行監(jiān)管的美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備加強(qiáng)法（FBSEA）后。近年來(lái)，更多的中資銀行包括中國(guó)銀行（香港），中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行（CCB）和中國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)銀行（CDB）都已達(dá)成的協(xié)議的海外收購(gòu)?！皣?guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)是中資銀行利潤(rùn)的主要來(lái)源將維持一段頗長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，”根據(jù)中國(guó)銀行業(yè)研究中心主任中央財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)郭天勇說(shuō)。“但是，面臨敏銳的外資銀行關(guān)于確保在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上取得更大的份額，中資銀行必須通過(guò)海外投資得到加強(qiáng)，并且它將無(wú)疑是一個(gè)有效的方法來(lái)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！弊龃笞鰪?qiáng)中國(guó)金融業(yè)最新的雙向開(kāi)放允許外資銀行投資于中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，鼓勵(lì)國(guó)內(nèi)銀行尋求海外市場(chǎng)的股票是一個(gè)全球化的趨勢(shì)，中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院金融研究中心研究員彭興韻說(shuō)。沒(méi)有人會(huì)認(rèn)真采取彭興韻的意見(jiàn)，如果他曾表示，在數(shù)年前20世紀(jì)90年代中國(guó)幾乎所有的商業(yè)銀行不是因?yàn)椴涣假J款（NPL）的積累就是因?yàn)闃O低的資本充足率而未能抵消任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！爸袊?guó)銀行業(yè)在近年來(lái)發(fā)生巨大的變化”彭說(shuō)。中國(guó)銀行業(yè)已煥然一新的原因是，實(shí)際上在過(guò)去數(shù)年所有主要的國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行已盡力擺脫自己的歷史包袱，降低不良貸款率和準(zhǔn)備通過(guò)股份制改革上市。例如，建行，中行，工行和一些股份制銀行紛紛在區(qū)域股市上市，，2003年后相繼吸引了在海外戰(zhàn)略投資者。到2007年9月30日，工行，建行和中行在上市銀行的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值排名中，分別是世界第一，第五和第六。這已是中國(guó)企業(yè)必須的選擇，渴望克服其發(fā)展的瓶頸到海外投資，以獲取資源，能源，品牌影響力和銷(xiāo)售渠道，在銀行界也不例外?！斑@是中資銀行推行海外擴(kuò)張的適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)”羅之珩說(shuō)，中銀國(guó)際有限公司總經(jīng)理說(shuō)：“人民幣升值，國(guó)內(nèi)流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩的巨大壓力需要通過(guò)海外投資緩解，而且，這將是中資銀行，在中國(guó)的看漲股市和超額外匯儲(chǔ)備的不利背景下購(gòu)買(mǎi)國(guó)際金融資產(chǎn)良好商討條件?！敖刂恋谌径饶?，今年中國(guó)的外匯儲(chǔ)備已膨脹至1.43萬(wàn)億美元，成為世界上最大的外匯儲(chǔ)備。中國(guó)仍然面臨嚴(yán)重的流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩。在今年前三季度貨幣首凈注資1958.0億元（二百六十一萬(wàn)點(diǎn)零零萬(wàn)美元），較去年同期為30.2億元人民幣（40億美元）增加。作為解決方案，政府已成立了中國(guó)投資公司以吸收過(guò)剩的流動(dòng)資金，同時(shí)適度增加釋放的流動(dòng)性和合格境內(nèi)機(jī)構(gòu)投資者（QDII）配額，以鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)的資本流出。在此背景下“，中國(guó)銀行通過(guò)收購(gòu)海外資產(chǎn)可避免匯率的市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并有助于緩解政府的巨額外匯儲(chǔ)備的壓力，”郭說(shuō)。中國(guó)銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)（銀監(jiān)會(huì)）蔡鄂生副主席，作出明確表示，銀監(jiān)會(huì)將積極鼓勵(lì)和支持中國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)尋求海外擴(kuò)張。成功的基石“跨國(guó)并購(gòu)近年來(lái)已經(jīng)成為了大部分中資銀行進(jìn)入海外市場(chǎng)的主要方法”楊揚(yáng)說(shuō)道。“世界十大市值銀行去年全年通過(guò)了更大的合并和收購(gòu)活動(dòng)?！睋?jù)國(guó)務(wù)