英國學(xué)前教育課程的特點及啟示

CharacteristicsoftheBritishpre-schoolcurriculumandtheEnlightenment

SouthwestUniversityTheframeofmyreportFirst,contentsofthecurriculum

Second,thecharacteristicsofthecurriculum

Third,theenlightenmenttoChinaContents

oftheCurriculumPersonal,SocialandEmotionalDevelopmentPhysicalDevelopmentCreative/AestheticDevelopmentLanguageDevelopmentEarlyMathematicalExperiencesEarlyExperiencesinScienceandTechnologyKnowledgeandAppreciationoftheworldPersonal,SocialandEmotionalDevelopmentUponenteringpre-schooleducation,childrenbringwiththemavarietyofpersonalandsocialskills,valuesandattitudes.Thesetheyhaveacquiredfromrelationshipsandexperienceswithinthehomeandtheimmediateenvironment.Itisimportantthattheseshouldbeaandatothertimesaggressive;someprefertolead,otherstofollow.Youngchildrenneedtimeforrelationshipstodevelop.Beingawarethattheyarevaluedasindividualsenhanceschildren'sself-esteemandmakesiteasierforthemtoformrelationshipsanddevelopfriendships.PhysicalDevelopment

Childrenenjoyphysicalplaybothindoorsandoutdoors.Theyrevelinfreedomofmovementandinplaythatisinventive,adventurousandstimulating.Fineandlargemotorskills,andhandandeyecoordinationaredeveloped,togetherwithself-confidenceandself-awareness.Atthesametimechildrenlearnsocialskillsastheyco-operatewitheachotherandshowconsiderationforoneanother.Goodphysicalplaycanaffectotherareasofchildren’slearning,forexample,itgiveschildrenasenseofsizeandspace,anddevelopstheirself-confidence.LanguageDevelopment

Languagedevelopmentiscrucialtolivingandlearningandisconcernedwithmorethanthegrowthofvocabulary.Languageisusedtotalktopeople,toshareandreleasefeelings,andtogiveandobtaininformation.Languageisimportantinthedevelopmentofunderstandingandintherefinementofideas.EarlyMathematicalExperiencesPlayisaneffectivevehicleforfosteringmathematicalconceptsanddevelopingpositiveattitudestomathematics.Earlymathematicalconceptsareimportantforeverydaylifeanddevelopslowlyintheyoungchild.Adultsinthepre-schoolsettingshouldseektoextendinformallythemathematicalexperiencesthechildrenhavealreadyhadintheirhomeenvironment.Manyimportantmathematicalconceptsareinherentinplaysituationsandotheractivities.Theseactivitiesincludestories,rhymesanddailyroutines.Imaginativeplaysuchashousecornerandhospitalplay,sand,water,constructionandphysicalplaywithlargeequipmentareamongthoseareasofplaywhichcontributetochildren’sallrounddevelopment.Astheyengageintheseplayactivities,childrenusetheirowneverydaylanguagetotalkaboutmathematicalconceptsand,with

theskilfulhelpofadults,willbegintousemathematicallanguageastheydevelopanawarenessofspace,size,order,pattern,numberandrelationships.EarlyExperiencesinScienceand

TechnologyChildrenareinterestedin,curiousandenthusiasticaboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundthemandfrequentlyaskquestions.Throughtheirnaturalcuriosityandbyprovidingthemwithawidevarietyofactivitiesandexperiencesinplay,childrenwillbegintodevelopskillsandconceptsinscienceandtechnology.Interactionanddiscussionwithadultsfurtherdevelopstheseskillsandconceptsandhelpstopromotetheuseofthelanguageofscienceandtechnology.Byquestioning,commentingandofferingadditionalmaterial,theadultcanextendthechildren’sexperiencesandtheirlearning.Childrencanalsolearnaboutthemselves,theirenvironmentandabouthowthingsworkfrombooks,pictures,postersandphotographs.KnowledgeandAppreciationoftheWorldChildrenoftenaskquestions;theyarenaturallycuriousabouttheirenvironmentandthepeoplearoundthem.Childrenliketofeelcomfortableandateasewherevertheyare.Theysettleinastheybegintoestablishrelationshipswithadultsandotherchildren,andastheybecomefamiliarwiththeirenvironment.Astheylearntotalkwithadultsonaone-to-onebasisoringroupsituations,childrenacquiremoreknowledgeoftheworldaroundthemandsomeunderstandingofit.Whiletheconceptoftimeisdifficultforchildrentounderstand,activitiessuchasdailyroutines,listeningto“onceuponatime〞stories,talkingaboutvariousfestivalsandotherspecialoccasionsshouldhelpthemdevelopanawarenessoftime.theCharacteristicsoftheCurriculum

First,Britishpre-schoolcurriculumpaysmuchattentiontoearlymathematicalexperiences,focusesoncultivatingchildren'sthinkingabilitythroughmathematicallearning,inwhichputsmathematicsteachingasasinglechapter.

Second,therearemanyconcretemeasurestopromotechildren'screativedevelopment.Suchas:

?PaintinganddrawingIntheseactivitieschildrenexperienceworking:–atverticalandhorizontallevels;–withpaperofdifferentcolours,shapes,texturesandsizes;–withvariousmediaandtoolssuchaspaint,crayons,pencils,brushes,fingers,spongesandcombs.

?Paper,card,wood,fabricsandscrapmaterialsChildrenshouldhaveopportunitiestoworkwithmaterialsofdifferenttextureswhichwillofferthemsensoryexperiences.Theyshouldbeencouragedtomakepicturesandmodels.?MalleablematerialsChildrenshouldbegivenopportunitiestoworkwithlargeamountsofclayanddoughandshouldbegiventimetoexploretheirpropertiesandtodeveloptheircreativeabilities.?MusicChildrenshouldparticipateinsimplemusicalactivitiessuchassingingandlisteningtomusic.Theyshoulddevelopanawarenessofdifferentsounds,pitchandrhythm,andcreatetheirownsoundsusingpercussioninstruments.They

should

haveopportunitiestorespondfreely

to

musicthroughmovementandmime.

Third,Children’slisteningandcommunicativeskillsarefosteredastheytalkwithadultsandastheyplaywithotherchildren.Byusingcarefullychosencommentsandopenquestions,adultscanassistchildrenintheirthinkingandhelptobuildtheirconfidenceintheuseoflanguage.Aschildrenbrowseinthebookcorner,lookatbooksinvariousareasofplayandlistentostoriesreadtothem,theybecomeawarethattheprintedwordhasmeaning.Pre-writingskillsdevelopaschildrenplayandhaveopportunitiestoexperimentwithavarietyofmediasuchaspencils,crayonsandpaintbrushes.Thesetheyusetoscribbleandtomakepatterns.Atthisstagechildrenshouldnotbeintroducedtotheformalteachingofreadingorwriting.theEnlightenmenttoChinaFirst,we`dbetterfocusonma