合資合作與創(chuàng)新發(fā)展

合資合作與創(chuàng)新發(fā)展——福建汽車(chē)集團(tuán)從閩臺(tái)合資合作走向國(guó)際合資合作的思考Cooperation

and

Innovative

Development---FJMG’s

step

forward

from

Fujian-Taiwancooperation

to

international

cooperation福建省汽車(chē)工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司董事長(zhǎng)

凌玉章Ling

Yuzhang,

Chairman

of

Fujian

Motor

Industry

Group

Co2006年6月26日 于北京June

26,

2006

Beijing一、合資，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)輝煌的時(shí)代TheestablishmentofjointventuresmarkedanepochinChinesemotorindustry二、獨(dú)特的閩臺(tái)合資合作模式Unique

modeofcooperationbetweenFujianand

Taiwan三、從閩臺(tái)合資合作走向國(guó)際合資合作FromFujian-Taiwancooperationtointernational

cooperation四、自主創(chuàng)新-福建汽車(chē)的“第三個(gè)饅頭”Independentinnovation---“thethirdpieceofbrea”d”in

thedevelopmentofFujia’ns’motorindustry五、發(fā)展愿景Expectation各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、各位專(zhuān)家、各位朋友：感謝國(guó)際汽車(chē)研討會(huì)主辦方給福建省汽車(chē)集團(tuán)公司一個(gè)交流的機(jī)會(huì)，今天我要發(fā)言的的題目是《合資合作與創(chuàng)新發(fā)展－福建汽車(chē)集團(tuán)從閩臺(tái)合資合作走向國(guó)際合資合作的思考》。Ladiesand

Gentlemen:I

wishtothankthe

organizerofthis

internationalconferenceforgivingFJMGthisopportunitytoexchangeideas.The topic of

myspeechtodayisCooperationandInnovativeDevelopment---FJMG’s’step

forwardfromFujian-Taiwan

cooperation

to

internationalcooperation.一、合資，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)輝煌的時(shí)代

I.TheestablishmentofjointventuresmarkedanepochinChin’as’motorind

ustry迎著改革開(kāi)放的春天，中國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)打破閉關(guān)自守，取得了空前的發(fā)展和繁榮。With

theReformandOpening-upofChina,

China’smotorindustryhas

ended

thehistory

ofself-seclusion

andachievedunprecedented

progress

andprosperity.產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)量大幅增長(zhǎng):改革開(kāi)放初期，全國(guó)轎車(chē)一年的銷(xiāo)售量?jī)H有5000臺(tái)（1978年約

2600臺(tái)，1980年5418臺(tái)），還不如國(guó)際汽車(chē)大企業(yè)一天的產(chǎn)量；而2005年中國(guó)汽車(chē) 車(chē)銷(xiāo)量達(dá)到576萬(wàn)臺(tái)，僅次于美國(guó)、日本，汽車(chē)開(kāi)始走入千家萬(wàn)戶(hù)，其中轎車(chē)銷(xiāo)量 達(dá)279萬(wàn)臺(tái)。Big-rangeincreaseinproductionandsales:AttheearlystageofChin’as’Reformand

Opening-up,

annualsalesofcarsaroundthecountrywere merely5,000units(about2,600unitsinthe

year1978and5,418unitsin1980), lessthanthedailyoutput

of

asingle

multinationalautomobilecompany;whereas

by

theyear 2005the

annualautomobile

sales

in

China

hadreached

5.76millionunits(nextonly

to theUSAand

Japan),amongwhich2.79million

units

werepassenger

cars.

Automobiles havebeenownedbytens

of

thousandsofhouseholds.老百姓得到實(shí)惠。在等待了半個(gè)世紀(jì)后，中國(guó)的老百姓開(kāi)始享受到了汽車(chē)文明帶來(lái)的 快捷與便利。TangiblebenefitstotheChinesepeople:The

Chinesepeoplestarted

toenjoythe

speed

and facility

broughtaboutby

automobiles

after

half

a

centur’ys’development

ofmotorindustry inChina.對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)汽車(chē)合資時(shí)代催生了中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)成熟，實(shí)現(xiàn)了20年的跨 越式發(fā)展，也為中國(guó)汽車(chē)的自主創(chuàng)新時(shí)代的到來(lái)創(chuàng)造了條件?？陀^地看待中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程，合資合作是中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展階段的一個(gè)必然選擇，1994年國(guó)家出臺(tái)的汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策引導(dǎo)、推動(dòng)了汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，作出了歷史性的貢獻(xiàn)。Contributions

to

industrial

progress:Inthejoint-venture

epoch

ofChina’s

motorindustry the

maturityof

theindustry

was

accelerated,

which

hasbrought

about

a

great

leap- forwardover

the

past

20

years,and

made

preparations

for

thenext

epoch

of

independent innovation.

Froman

objective

point

of

view,

joint

venture/cooperationhasbeen aninevitablechoicein

the

development

of

China’smotorindustry.

The

Automotive

Industry Policy(AIP)issuedin

1994

made

an

historic

contribution

inguiding

andpromoting

the development

ofChina’smotorindustry.仍需不斷創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。隨著合資合作的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，合資企業(yè)發(fā)展的獨(dú) 立性、產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的本土化、銷(xiāo)售的國(guó)際化、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者的職業(yè)化等問(wèn) 題開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn),若得不到正確解決，會(huì)影響到合資企業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的持續(xù) 提高，影響到汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)、健康發(fā)展。Innovation

and

development

isyet

togo

on:With

the

further

development

of thejointventure,

a

seriesof

problems---e.g.the

independenceof

development,

the localization

ofR&D,

the

internationalizationof

sales

andthe

professionalizationof managers---occurredand

neededto

besolved,

otherwisethey

mightimpactthe continuous

advancement

ofthe

core

competence

of

the

JVand

the

sustainedand healthydevelopmentof

motor

industry.二、獨(dú)特的閩臺(tái)合資合作模式II.

Unique

modeofcooperationbetween

Fujian

and

Taiwan早期的福建汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)。福建汽車(chē)的造車(chē)歷史可以追溯到1958年5月8日， 造出的第一輛車(chē)名字叫做“東方紅”，但直至九十年代初，福建汽車(chē)還 還徘徊在年產(chǎn)二、三千臺(tái)水平，汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)始終處于一種“散、亂、差、小”的格局，產(chǎn)品水平低，而且缺少發(fā)展資金。到1993年～1994年，福建汽車(chē)工業(yè)面臨著生死存亡的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。Fujianmotorindustry

inits

early days:ThevehiclemanufacturinginFujiandatesbacktoMay8,1958,whenthefirstvehicl“e“

EastRe”dw”

entofftheline.ButtheaverageannualoutputofvehiclesinFujianhadremained2, 000to3.000unitsuntilearly199’0s’;andmotormanufacturerswerescatteredandsmall-

scaled,withlowefficiencyandindisorder,andshortofexpansionfund,turningoutlow- endproducts.During1993~1994Fujia’ns’motorindustryfacedthelife-and-deathchallenge.閩臺(tái)汽車(chē)合作的開(kāi)展。直到“八“五”末”期，福汽集團(tuán)新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子在全面

面回顧和總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上，立足實(shí)際，創(chuàng)造條件，抓住 住歷史性機(jī)會(huì)，通過(guò)實(shí)施閩臺(tái)合資合作，走出了一條獨(dú)具特色的發(fā)展 展汽車(chē)工業(yè)的路子，創(chuàng)造了“總“體規(guī)劃、分期實(shí)施、滾動(dòng)發(fā)展、穩(wěn)健擴(kuò)張”的“”東“南模式”，”迎來(lái)了福建汽車(chē)歷史以來(lái)發(fā)展最快的時(shí)期。Fujian-TaiwanMotorCooperation:Itwasnotuntilovertenyearsago,attheendo“ft“he8thFive-

YearPla”np”eriodofChina,thatthenewmanagementofFJMGmadeareviewofhistoryan

dlearnedfrompastexperiences.TheybasedthemselvesonthesituationofFujian,providedconditionsforcooperationwithTaiwanandgraspedthehistoricopportunityfordevelopment.Theyestablishedauniquemodeofdevelopment---th“eS“EMmod”e,”withthefeatureo“fm“

akingoverallplanningandimplementinphasestoensuresustainableandsteadydevelopmen”t.”AndFujia’ns’motorindustryhasexperiencedthe

fastestgrowthinhistoryoverthepasttenyears.閩臺(tái)汽車(chē)合資合作的成效?！熬盼濉币詠?lái)10年間，福汽集團(tuán)年銷(xiāo)售汽車(chē)、改裝車(chē)從

2460輛提升到93252輛，年實(shí)現(xiàn)銷(xiāo)售收入從2.3億元提升到111.1億元，年上繳稅金 從620萬(wàn)元提升到7.1億元，閩臺(tái)汽車(chē)合作取得了極大的成功。十年來(lái)，通過(guò)閩臺(tái)合資合作圓了福建人民的“汽車(chē)工業(yè)夢(mèng)”，又圓了福建人民的“轎車(chē)夢(mèng)”。如今，福建汽車(chē)集團(tuán)擁有了汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策規(guī)定的所有汽車(chē)種類(lèi)的生產(chǎn)資格。更重要的是，通過(guò)閩臺(tái)汽車(chē)的成功合作，進(jìn)一步搭建了與國(guó)際汽車(chē)大企業(yè)合作的平

臺(tái)。The

fruitsofFujian-Taiwanmotor

cooperation:

The

past

tenyearswitnessed

a

greatsuccessinFujian-Taiwanmotorcooperation.

FJMG’s

annual

sales

ofvehicles

(includingrefitted

vehicles)increasedfrom

2,460

units

to93,252units,annualsales

revenuesfrom￥230

million

($28.75million)to￥11.11

billion($1.39billion),

andannualtax

payment

from￥6.2

million

($775,000)to￥710

million

($88.75million).ThroughFujian-Taiwancooperation

over

thepast

ten

years

people

in

Fujian

have

realized

theirdream

of

motor

production

and

sedan

production

one

after

another.Now

FJMG

has

thequalification

to

produceall

types

of

vehiclescovered

by

the

national

automobileindustry

policy.What

is

more

important,thesuccessfulFujian-Taiwancooperation

serves

as

a

platform

forfurther

cooperation

withinternationalmotor

giants.三、從閩臺(tái)合資合作走向國(guó)際合資合作III.

FromFujian-Taiwan

cooperationto

international

cooperation走向國(guó)際合資合作是發(fā)展的需要。閩臺(tái)合資合作使福建汽車(chē)快速成長(zhǎng)，并為進(jìn)一 步的發(fā)展奠定了良好的產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)，我們也意識(shí)到，臺(tái)灣汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)相比國(guó) 際先進(jìn)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)，仍有一定差距。因此，在閩臺(tái)合作的初期，我們就制定了先 構(gòu)筑閩臺(tái)合作平臺(tái)，繼而開(kāi)展國(guó)際合作的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。Internationalcooperation

isnecessary

todevelopment:

Fujian-Taiwan

cooperationhas sped

up

the

developmentof

Fujian’s

motor

industry

and

laida

solid

foundation

for itsfurtherexpansion.

Inthe

meantime,however,

we

recognized

thattherewas

still

agap between

Taiwan’s

motor

industry

and

theadvanced

international

counterparts.So wemade

the

strategy

inthe

very

beginning

to

buildthe

platformof

Fujian-Taiwan cooperationinitially

andto

extend

itfor

future

international

cooperation.走向國(guó)際合資合作是閩臺(tái)汽車(chē)合作雙方的合理選擇。與國(guó)內(nèi)先進(jìn)的大汽車(chē)集團(tuán)相比， 我們?cè)谫Y金、技術(shù)、管理、人才等方面仍有相當(dāng)差距，實(shí)力有待加強(qiáng)。為做強(qiáng)做大 大福建汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)，我們根據(jù)福建汽車(chē)的實(shí)際情況選擇了從閩臺(tái)合資合作走向國(guó)際合 合資合作的發(fā)展方向，跟國(guó)際資本與技術(shù)相結(jié)合，整合優(yōu)質(zhì)資源，走引進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)化、創(chuàng)新的發(fā)展道路。福建汽車(chē)將充分利用與國(guó)際汽車(chē)合資合作的平臺(tái)，致力于國(guó)際品牌的本土化與自主品牌的特色化。Internationalcooperation---a

reasonable

choice

for

the

twopartners

across

the

Taiwan Straits:Compared

withdomestic

advanced

motor

manufacturers,

westilllag

behind infinancial

power,

technology,management,

human

resourcesand

overall

strength. Basedon

ourlocalsituation

we

chose

tostartfrom

Fujian-Taiwan

cooperation

to

move towards

international

cooperation,

utilizinginternationalcapitaland

technology, integratingquality

resources,

in

orderto

make

Fujian

motorindustry

bigger

andstronger. On

this

path

of

development,

there

aremany

steps

tobetaken--- technologyintroduction,adaptation

and

innovation.We

willfullyutilizethe

platformof

international

cooperationand

make

efforts

toachievethelocalization

ofinternationalbrandsand

create

characteristic

self-owned

brands.福汽集團(tuán)現(xiàn)有國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目主要有：FJMG’sinternationalcooperation

projects:與德國(guó)戴克公司合作項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目投資總額20800萬(wàn)歐元，合資公司注冊(cè)資本為

16000萬(wàn)歐元，產(chǎn)品為20座以下輕型客車(chē)，先期導(dǎo)入梅賽德斯-奔馳NCV2和NCV3系 列車(chē)型，一期形成年產(chǎn)4萬(wàn)輛能力。Cooperation

with

DaimlerChrysler

AG(DCAG)of

Germany:

The

projectwith

atotal investment

of€208

million

and

registered

capitalof€160

million

will

produce

below

20- seater

vans.

Initiallyintroduced

will

be

MercedesBenz

vans

ofNCV2

and NCV3series.The

annual

capacityfor

phase

I

will

be

40,000

units.與美國(guó)克萊斯勒公司合作項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目擬導(dǎo)入克萊斯勒公司系列產(chǎn)品?？巳R斯勒RG 合作項(xiàng)目已在東南汽車(chē)開(kāi)始啟動(dòng)。Cooperation

with

Chrysler

Group

ofUSA:

Planned

to

be

introduced

are

serial

products ofChrysler

Group.

Thecooperation

project

of

Chrysler

RGhas

already

kicked

off

at

SEM.與日本三菱公司合作項(xiàng)目。2006年4月12日福汽集團(tuán)、日本三菱汽車(chē)、臺(tái)灣中華汽車(chē)共同舉行了三菱汽車(chē)入股東南汽車(chē)的簽字儀式，三菱入股東南汽車(chē)后，三菱汽車(chē)將全力協(xié)助東南汽車(chē)的發(fā)展，將東南汽車(chē)建設(shè)成為三菱在中國(guó)的轎車(chē)、MPV和輕型商用車(chē)產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)基地。5月29日三菱藍(lán)瑟和菱紳在上海上市，9月份還會(huì)有三菱新車(chē)型推出，今后每年?yáng)|南汽車(chē)都將推出新款車(chē)型。Cooperation

with

MitsubishiMotor

Corp

(MMC)

of

Japan:

On

April

12,2006FJMG, MMC

and

China

Motor

Corp

(CMC)from

Taiwan

jointlyheld

the

signing

ceremony

for MMC’sparticipationin

SEM.

Through

itsparticipationin

SEM,MMC

will

givefull supportto

SEM’s

developmentand

help

buildup

SEMinto

the

productionand

sales basefor

Mitsubishi

cars,MPVs

and

light

commercial

vehiclesin

China.

OnMay

29this year,

Mitsubish“iL“ancer”

an“dS“paceWagon”were

launchedin

Shanghai;

andnewMMC vehicles

are

yetto

comein

September.In

thefuturenew

vehicleswill

belaunched

by

SEM every

year.四、自主創(chuàng)新----福建汽車(chē)的“第三個(gè)饅頭”Ⅳ.IndependentInnovation---”thethirdpieceofbread”inthe

development

ofFujia’ns’motorindustry有一個(gè)關(guān)于《吃饅頭》的故事值得我們思考。有個(gè)人吃了一個(gè)饅頭不飽，吃了兩個(gè)饅頭還是不飽，直到吃了第三個(gè)饅頭才飽，于是他后悔不該吃前面的兩個(gè)饅頭。閩臺(tái)合作的東南汽車(chē)實(shí)力還不夠強(qiáng)，福建汽車(chē)仍然處于待發(fā)展階段，還未吃到第三個(gè)饅頭。但可以說(shuō)，沒(méi)有閩臺(tái)合資合作就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在的福建汽車(chē)業(yè)，沒(méi)有與國(guó)際汽車(chē)的合資合作也難以有福福建汽車(chē)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。在“第三個(gè)饅頭”關(guān)口，福汽集團(tuán)將致力于逐步縮短與跨國(guó)公司的技術(shù)差距，在閩臺(tái)合作、國(guó)際合合作的基礎(chǔ)上，努力深化合資合作，不斷推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新，最終取得核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提升，立足本土發(fā)展壯大。Thestoryo“fe“atingbread”deservesourconsideration.

Aman,aftereatingtwopiecesofbread,was

stillhungry.Onlyaftereatingthe

third

piece

didhebecomefull.Therefore,hethought

thefirsttwopieceswereunnecessary.SEM,

aFujian-Taiwanjointventure,isstillnotstrong

enough.Fujian’smotorindustrystillhas

alongwaytogo.It

still

needs

thethirdpieceofbread.However,itisobviousthat

withoutthe

cooperation

betweenFujianandTaiwan，F(xiàn)ujian’smotorindustrywouldnothaveachievedtoda’ys’status.

Withoutthe

cooperationwithinternationalmotorindustry,itisalsohard

to

imaginethe

furtherdevelopmentofFujian

motor

industry.Attheturningpointo“ft“he

third

piece

of

bread”,FJMGwill

apply

itselftonarrowthetechnologicalgapbetweenmultinationalcompaniesand

itself.Onthe

basis

of

Fujian-Taiwancooperationandinternationalcooperation,

we

willdeepen

ourcommitment

to

reformandpromoteindependentinnovation

inorder

to

improveour

corecompetenceandachievedevelopmentbasedonlocalconditions.研發(fā)創(chuàng)新——加強(qiáng)研發(fā)中心建設(shè)。我們加快了東南汽車(chē)研發(fā)中心建設(shè)，初期投資7527萬(wàn)元的 東南汽車(chē)研發(fā)中心已經(jīng)竣工，車(chē)輛試驗(yàn)、技術(shù)研發(fā)、理化試驗(yàn)三幢大樓已投入使用，其后每 年將逐步增加投資份額。R&D

innovation---tostrengthentheconstruction

ofR&DCenter：

Wehaveaccelerated theconstruction

of

SEM’s’R&D

center.The

R&D

centerhas

been

finished

with

the initialinvestmento￥f￥75.27

million($9.4million).Thethreebuildings---

for

vehicletesting,R&D

and physical-chemicalexperiment

respectively,havebeenputintouse,and

the

investment

will

be

increased yearbyyear.合作模式創(chuàng)新——閩臺(tái)合資、國(guó)際合資及股份化并行發(fā)展。福汽集團(tuán)在閩臺(tái)合資合作的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā) 發(fā)展國(guó)際合資合作，同時(shí)大力推進(jìn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革，對(duì)所屬的國(guó)有企業(yè)進(jìn)行股份化改造，實(shí)現(xiàn)投 投資主體多元化，并使其并行協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。The

innovationin

the

mode

ofcooperation

—Fujian-Taiwancooperation,international cooperationandthe

transformation

ofstate-owned

company

into

stock

companygoingalong inparallel:On

the

basis

ofFujian-Taiwancooperation,

FJMG

startedinternationalcooperation. Inthemeantime,it

promoted

thereform

ofpropertyrightsystem

and

conducted

thetransformationof

its subordinate

state-ownedcompaniesintostock

companiesto

realizemulti- investorsituationandharmoniousdevelopment.品牌發(fā)展創(chuàng)新——多品牌戰(zhàn)略：以藍(lán)瑟披掛三菱商標(biāo)上市為始，東南汽車(chē)將實(shí)行 雙品牌發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，形成三菱品牌和東南品牌的兩個(gè)體系，打造一個(gè)新的品牌發(fā)展 模式。三菱品牌著力引進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)化三菱汽車(chē)最新產(chǎn)品。東南品牌著力立足企業(yè)自身 并利用社會(huì)資源，自主開(kāi)發(fā)市場(chǎng)需要的新產(chǎn)品。兩者相輔相成，共同發(fā)展。Branddevelopment

innovation---multi-brand

strategy:Withthe

launchof