2021-2022學(xué)年山西省呂梁市孝義市高一（下）第一次月考英語試卷（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年山西省呂梁市孝義市高一（下）第一次月

考英語試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

Lastmonth,girlstookallthetop4prizesattheBroadcomMasters,acompetitionformiddle

schoolstudentsacrosstheUS.

RachelBergeywontheLemelsonAward

ShedevelopedanequipmenttocatchtheSpottedLanternfly,ananimaldestroyingtreesin

Pennsylvania.Shegotherideawhenshewasclimbingonherfavoritetreeatherfamily's

farm.TheLemelsonOrganizationgivestheawardtoastudentwhoprovidesanswersto

real-worldproblems.

SidorClarewontheMarconiAward

ShedevelopedbricksthatonedaycouldbemadeontheMoon.Thatway,astronautswouldnot

havetobringbuildingmaterialswiththemwhentheybuildhousesthere.

AlexisMacAvoywontheRobertWoodJohnsonAward

Shedesignedafilmtoremoveheavymetalsfromwater.Theawardrecognizesthestudent

whoseworkshowsthemostpromiseinpublichealth-relatedfields,andanunderstandingof

howsocialproblemsaffect（影響）health.

LaurenEjiagawontheDoDSTEMTalentAward

Shestudiedhowcertainkindsoflightfromthesunaffectplantgrowth.TheDoDSTEMTalent

Awardisgiventoastudentforshowingtalentinscience,technologyengineeringormath,along

withtheleadershipandtechnicalskillsnecessarytosuccessinthefuture.

AttheBroadcomMasters,therewere30winners-18girlsand12boys.Theywerechosenfrom2,

348middleschoolstudentsin47states.Agroupofscientists,engineersandeducatorsselected

thewinners.Eachwinner'sschoolwillreceive$1,000fromtheBroadcomMasterstosupport

theschool'sscienceprogram.

1.WhowontheMarconiAward?

A.RachelBergey.B.SidorClare.

C.AlexisMacAvoy.D.LaurenEjiaga.

2.Whichawardisgiventotheinventionscloselyrelatedtopublichealth?

A.TheMarconiAward.

B.TheDoDSTEMTalentAward.

C.TheLemelsonAward.

D.TheRobertWoodJohnsonAward.

3.WhatcanwesayabouttheBroadcomMasterscompetition?

A.Eachwinnerwillget1,000.

B.Onlygirlsareallowedtoattend.

C.Allthewinnersaremiddleschoolstudents.

D.Itisstartedbyagroupofscientistsandengineers.

B

Lacey,13,foundalargebumblebee（大黃蜂）lyingintheroadwhilewalkingherdog.She

pickedupthebeeandnoticedithadabrokenwing.Shetriedtoputitonsomeflowersina

nearbypark,butitrefusedtostaythereandclimbedbacktoherhand.Afteranhour,shegaveup

andheadedhomewiththelittlecreature.

Onthewayhome,thebumblebeewasrestingonLacey'sglassesasshewentintoalocalshopto

buymilk-shockingothershoppers.Despitemanyattemptstoleavetheinsectoutside,thelovely

beerefusedtoleaveLacey'sside.

NowrecoveredandnamedBetty,itfollowshereverywhere.AndonceitevenstayedwithLacey

duringthegameswithherfriendsatthebowlingroom.

Duringtheday,BettyrestsonthebackofLacey*sneck,orhidesinsideherclothesorflies

aroundthelivingroom.Atnight,LaceyputsBettyinalittlebottlebesideherbed.Whilethereis

nolid（蓋子）,itstaysinsidequietlyuntilmorning.

"TmsohappyandIlovespendingmytimewithher,"saidthegirl."She'ssolovelyandIlove

ourfriendship."

ThebeelikesLacey'sfood,butalsogetssugarwater,honeyandstrawberryjam.Laceyalso

takesherbee-palintothegardentoenjoyflowerhoney,butassoonasthegirlgoesback

inside,Bettyisrightbesideher.

"It'sreallylovelyandsobeautiful,"saidhermother,Laura."PmalsogladthatLaceyhasanew

closefriend.'1Bettyenjoysatouchbetweenthewings,butstaysawayfromtherestofthe

family-mom,dadandtwoyoungerbrothers.nWehaveallthedoorsopenalotandshe'sjust

nevergone-Idon'tknowwhy,"saidLaura.

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4.WhatdidLaceyfindintheroad?

A.Alostdog.B.Aninjuredbumblebee.

C.AgirlcalledBetty.D.Somebeautifulflowers.

5.HowdidthecustomersfeelwhenLaceyenteredtheshop?

A.Shocked.B.Angry.C.Delighted.D.Excited.

6.WheredoesBettystaywhenLaceysleepsatnight?

A.Inthelivingroom.B.OnLacey'sglasses.

C.Inanearbypark.D.Inalittlebottle.

7.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

A.BettyloveseveryoneofLacey'sfamily.

B.Bettydislikestouchesfromhumans.

C.LauraalsolikesthepresenceofBetty.

D.LauraisworriedaboutLacey'ssafety.

c

Theresearcherssaytheyhavediscoveredtwohugemagmachambers（巖漿庫）underWei

MountaininHeilongjiang.Ifitistrue,itwillbeasurprisingdiscoverysincethevolcanolast

eruptedover500,000yearsago.

ZhangHaijiangandhisteamvisitednearly100sitesacrossWeiMountain.Theywerelooking

formagma,andtheyfoundanunusualsignalfrom15kmunderground,followedbyanotherone

at8kmTheircomputermodellingsuggestedtherecouldbetwohugemagmachamberswitha

depthofmorethan9km.Accordingtotheirresearch,15percentoftheupperchamberisnow

filledwithmolten（熔化的）rock.Somestudieshavesuggestedthatavolcaniceruptioncould

takeplacewhenachamberisfilledto40percentmagma.

TheysuggestedthatthevolcanicactivityinnortheastChinaislikelytobeinanactivestage,and

theactivevolcanicmonitoringisneededtofurtherunderstandthemagmasysteminthisarea.

XuJiandong,directorofthevolcanicresearch,saidseismic（地震的）stationshadbeen

monitoringthisareaformanyyears."Iftherearereallyhugemagmachambersinthearea,we

shouldhavefoundsomerelatedseismicactivities-Whenthelowerchamberfillstheupper

one,thereshouldbesomemovement,"hesaid."Butsofar,afterdecadesofmonitoringonthe

site,we'vepickedupalmostnothing.Thewholeareahasbeenvery,veryquiet,"headded.

Sodidtheresearchersreallyfindhugemagmachambers?Whiletheunusualsignalsfoundby

Zhang'steamlookedlikemagmachambers,couldalsohavebeencausedbyotherthings.

Butwhatisforsureisthattheareaisactive.It'slikeporridgeboilinginapot.Butsincethe

studiesinrecentyearshavesuggestedalowriskofimmediateeruptioninthearea,the

governmenthasnotsetupseismicstationsaround.Anditiscertainthattheyaren'tpreparedfor

abigeruptionoverthere.

8.WhatdoZhangHaijiangandhisteamsaythey*vefoundunderWeiMountain?

A.Lotsoffrozenrocks.B.Twomagmachambers.

C.Nearly100volcanicsites.D.Ahugemagmasystem.

9.WhatdowelearnfromXuJiandongrswords?

A.Theydon'tfindanyseismicactivities.

B.Theactivevolcanicmonitoringisneeded.

C.Theireffortstomonitorvolcanoesareuseless.

D.Volcaniceruptionsneverhappenedinthisarea.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inparagraph5referto?

A.Volcaniceruptions.B.Zhang*steammembers.

C.Theseismicstations.D.Theunusualsignals.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatCanCauseVolcanoestoEruptinNortheastChina?

B.IsChineseGovernmentReadyforVolcanicEruptions?

C.AreThereMagmaChambersUnderWeiMountain?

D.IsActiveVolcanicMonitoringNeededinChina?

D

17-year-oldArulMathurhasdevelopedanewfireextinguisher（滅，（器）tohelpputout

wildfiresnearhouses.ThefireextinguisheriscalledtheFireActivatedCanisterExtinguisher

（FACE）.

Overthepastthreeyears,therehavebeenalmost7,500,000acresofwildfiresinCalifornia

alone,whichnearly50,000buildings.Thishascausedmanylocalpeopletobecome

homeless.ArulgrewupinNewJerseywherewildfireswerehardlyheardof.Aftermovingto

Californiain2012,hebegantohearaboutwildfires.Inthesummerof2019,awildfire

threatenedhisfamilytoleavetheirhome.Uponquestioninghimselfonthereasonbehindthe

spreadofwildfires,Arulrealizedthefact.Bythetimefirefightersgetthenoticeofawildfire,the

wildfirehasalreadygrownoutofcontrol.

FACEcanhelpstopwildfiresbeforetheyburnhouses.ltputsoutwildfiresbyitselfafter

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sensingextremeheatwithouthumans.ltcanstandtheextremeconditionwhichisa

high-temperatureenvironment.Moreoverjthasabracket（支架）thatallowsittobeplacedin

avarietyofhigh-riskareas.Unliketraditionalfireextinguishers,FACEhasamixtureofwater

andanenvironmentally-friendlyfireretardant（阻燃劑）withinit.

Arulsaid,"IthinkthatbyowningFACE,peoplenolongerhavetorelyonthefiredepartment

tosavetheirhouses."Firefighterscouldfocusoncontrollingthefire,whilepeoplecouldprotect

theirhomes.Heisnowrunningapilottestwithsomeofhisfriendsfromthemediaplatform

Kickstarter.Hesaid,"Ingeneral,FACEhasbeenverywell-receivedthroughthemedia

platform."

Arulhasgreatinterestinfiresafetyandpreventionandactivelysearchesforwaystospread

awareness.Helovestoexploreadvancesintechnologyandheishappytogivecommunities

someadviceonfireprevention.Arulisnowplanningtodeveloplargerunitsforspecificusein

forestapplications.Hesaid,"Humanshaveseengreatprogressintechnology.Now,weneedto

usepresenttechnologytodevelopmoreenvironmentally-friendlysolutionsforfire

prevention/1

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"demolish"inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Destroy.B.Cause.C.Protect.D.Build.

13.WhatcanbeknownaboutArul'sfireextinguisher?

A.Ithastoworkwiththehelpofhumans.

B.Itdoesverylittleharmtotheenvironment.

C.Itcannotstandhightemperatures.

D.Itusesthesamematerialsasatraditionalone.

14.WhatdoesArulintendtodoatthemoment?

A.Setupamediaplatformwithhisfriends.

B.Keeppeopleupdatedonnewtechnologies.

C.DevelophugerFACEforforestapplications.

D.Makegreatercontributionstocleanenergy.

15.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtobestdescribeArul?

A.Friendlyandwealthy.B.Lazybutcreative.

C.Hardworkingbutselfish.D.Cleverandhelpful.

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10?0分）

Racewalkersuseveryspecifictechniquesinordertobeabletowalkveryfastwhile

maintainingcontactwiththegroundwithatleastonefoot.Racewalkersarecarefulnottomake

somemistakesthatbreaktherules.(1)

Bending(彎曲)Knee

(2)Thesupportinglegmusthaveitskneestraightfromthemomentthesupportingfoottouches

theground.Ifyoubreakthisruleataracewalkingcompetition,youwillbedisqualified.

Overstriding(步幅過大)

Overstriding,alsocalledoverstriking,islandingyoursupportingfoottoofarinfrontofyour

body.(3)Racewalkersshouldconcentrateonlengtheningthestrideinthebackofthebodyfor

apowerfulpushforwardwhilelandingthefrontfootclosertothebody.

Leaning(傾斜)Forward

Aslightforwardleanusedtobetaughtbyracewalkingcoaches.Thisoldtechniqueshowsa

slightforwardleanatthewaist.(4)Itisnolongertaughtbyracewalkingcoachesbecause

manywalkersbendforwardmorethanitisrecommended.

LeaningBackward

Someracewalkersfindthemselveseasilyleaningbackward.(5)Aracewalkermusthavekept

astraightlegfromthetimewhentheforwardfootcontactstheground.Soitisnotadvisedto

leanbackward.

A.Thistechniquehasprovedtobeineffective.

B.Leaningforwardalotshouldnotbeprohibited.

C.Herearesomecommonmistakesyouneedknowabout.

D.Abackwardleanmakesachievingastraightlegmoredifficult.

E.Thestraightlegruleisanimportantbasicruleofracewalking.

F.Overstrikingisacommonmistakemanyracewalkersoftenmake.

G.Racewalkersshouldbendtheirkneeswhileintheracecompetition.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

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19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

35-year-oldStephanieHongohascreatedover100sculptures(雕塑)ofanimalsmade

completelyoutofwastes.Stephanie,whocreatedherartworksunderthename

Sugarfox,explainedthatshe⑵)wastestomakeherartworksasshewasshortofmoney

after(22)herjobinMay,2017.Shewas(23)bytheartistBordaloII,whomadelarge

installations(裝置)outof(24)yearsago.

Shemadearulethatshewould(25)buyplasticforhersculptures.UIwon'teverbuy(26).1

wouldnotliketobuyanything(27)thepaintIneed,'1shesaid."I(28)askforplasticpipesorold

basketballsoncommunitypagesonFacebook.0

Despiteusingrecycledmaterials,Stephaniedidn't(29)thetitleof"eco-artist"assheusedpaint

tocompleteherpieces."Idofindit(30)totellpeoplethatPmnotaneco-artist.Therecycling

partofmyartissomethingI'm(31)ofbutit*snotthedrivingforcebehindit.”

TheanimalkingdomisStephanie'sfavorite(32)andshelikeshowputtingwastestogethergives

her(33)afantasticlook.She(34)betweentenhoursandtwoweeksoneachpieceandhas

developedawayof(35)aperfectpieceofwasteforherartworks."Somepiecesneedhundreds

ofpiecesofwastesPingpongballsare(36)usedinmyartaswellasoldtelephonesandlotsof

plastictoys.0

Stephanie,who(37)herartworksonherwebpageInstagram'sugarfoxart,saidthatshestartedto

(38)hereight-footlongtigerfor$300.She(39)toonedaycreateawingeddragon(40)tenfeet.

21.A.ranoutofB.lookedforwardto

C.triedoutforD.tookadvantageof

22.A.gainingB.quittingC.seekingD.organising

23.A.inspiredB.protestedC.cheatedD.harmed

24.A.goodsB.chemicalsC.wastesD.characters

25.A.neverB.maybeC.indeedD.only

26.A.vehicleB.plasticC.equipmentD.information

27.A.despiteB.withinC.exceptD.throughout

28.A.regularlyB.amazinglyC.sharplyD.angrily

29.A.earnB.defendC.removeD.accept

30.A.impossibleB.necessaryC.fortunateD.challenging

31.A.capableB.confidentC.proudD.typical

32.A.argumentB.subjectC.careerD.lecture

33.A.worksB.advocatesC.brochuresD.experiments

34.A.survivesB.overusesC.waitsD.spends

35.A.draggingB.decoratingC.findingD.updating

36.A.absolutelyB.hardlyC.independentlyD.widely

37.A.showedB.boughtC.lentD.completed

38.A.damageB.rescueC.exploreD.sell

39.A.refusesB.hopesC.hatesD.volunteers

40.A.reducingB.developingC.measuringD.representing

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.DuringtheWorldElephantDayonThursday,Chineseandforeignexpertsgatheredinone

onlinefbrum(論壇)⑴(discuss)waystoprotectelephantsbetterbasedonthe

migrationC遷徙)of15wildelephantsinSouthwestChina'sYunnanProvince.Thisshows

howChinesepeoplecareaboutthe⑵(protect)ofthesegiantfriends.

The15wildAsianelephantsamong(3)onemaleturnedbackinJulyfinallyreturnedto

theirhabitataftertouringfor17monthsinYunnanProvince.Thecasewastakenbythe

expertsasa(4)(success)exampleonhowtoprotectandguidethemigrationofwild

elephants.

ZhouJinfeng,SecretaryoftheChinaBiodiversityConservationandGreenDevelopment

Foundation,mentionedanideawhichfocused(5)helpingwildanimalssurviveby⑹

(reduce)theharmtonatureandwildlifeinourdailylives.

ZhangChenglin,DeputyDirectoroftheBeijingZoo,whointroducedsomemeasurestaken

byChinesezoostotakegoodcareofelephants,(7)(say)thattherewerearound150

elephantslivinginzoosaroundChina.

“⑻(human)andanimalssharenature.Toprotectelephants(9)(be)toprotectour

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planet,hopewecanworkwithothercountriestoprotectwildanimals."(10)womanwrote

onSinaWeiboontheWorldElephantDay.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪

除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪

除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫

出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者

(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

Ican'tsimplebelievemyeyeswhenIseeTommieJThelasttimeIsawhewasonlytwo

yearsagowhenhewasinGrade8.Hewasaheadshortthanmeatthetime,andhestillhas

achild'svoice.Hewasshywhenhesawme.Hedidn'ttalktoomanybuthesmiledgreat

deal.

NowTommieis170cmandtallerthanme,andhe'snotshyanymore.Healwaystellsmea

lotofinterestedthingseverytimewemeet.Heisverypopularamonghisclassmateand

theteacherslikehim,either.Heisworkinghardathislessonsnow,becauseofhewantsto

gotoPekingUniversity.

六、書面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

假定你是李華，你校英語報(bào)正在征集以“KindPeopleSurroundingMe”為題的稿件。請(qǐng)你

給校報(bào)投一篇稿件，講述你朋友的故事。內(nèi)容包括：

1.故事的經(jīng)過；

2.自己的感受。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

KindPeopleSurroundingMe

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答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、D、C

【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)黑體的標(biāo)題"SidorClarewonIheMarconi

Award".SidorClare獲得了馬可尼獎(jiǎng)?？芍?，SidorClare贏得了馬可尼獎(jiǎng)。故

選B。

（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Theawardrecognizesthestudentwhoseworkshowsthe

mostpromiseinpublichealth-relatedfields,andanunderstandingofhowsocialproblems

affect（影響）health."該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)表彰了在

公共衛(wèi)生相關(guān)領(lǐng)域工作最有前途的學(xué)生，以及對(duì)社會(huì)問題如何影響健康的理解。可知，

theRobertWoodJohnsonAward這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)會(huì)授予與公共衛(wèi)生密切相關(guān)的發(fā)明。故選D。

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段AltheBroadcomMasters,therewere30winners-18girls

and12boys.Theywerechosenfrom2.348middleschoolstudentsin47states.

在Broadcom大師賽上，共有30名優(yōu)勝者，其中18名女孩和12名男孩。他們是從47

個(gè)州的2.348名中學(xué)生中挑選出來的?？芍@獎(jiǎng)的選手也都是中學(xué)生。故選C。

本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要介紹了在面向全美中學(xué)生的Broadcom大師賽中，女

孩們獲得了所有前四名的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

4~7.【答案】B、A、D、C

【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Lacey』3,foundalargebumblebee（大黃

蜂）lyingintheroadwhilewalkingherdog.Shepickedupthebeeandnoticedithadabroken

wing.（13歲的Lacey在遛狗時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一只大黃蜂躺在路上。她撿起蜜蜂，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的翅膀

斷了）"可知，Lacey在路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只受傷的大黃蜂。故選B。

（2）A.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段的"Onthewayhome.thebumblebeewasrestingonLacey's

glassesasshewentintoalocalshoptobuymilk-shockingothershoppers.（在回家的路上，

大黃蜂停在Lacey的眼鏡上，她走進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患疑痰曩I牛奶，震驚了其他購(gòu)物者）”可

知，當(dāng)Lacey進(jìn)入商店時(shí)，其他購(gòu)物者感到很震驚。A.Shocked震驚；B.Angry生氣；

C.Delighted很高興；D.Excited興奮。故選A。

（3）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"Atnight,LaceyputsBettyinalittlebottlebesideher

bed.Whilethereisnolid（蓋子）,itstaysinsidequietlyuntilmorning.（晚上，Lacey把

貝蒂放在床邊的一個(gè)小瓶子里。雖然沒有蓋子，但它會(huì)靜靜地呆在里面直到早晨）"可

知，當(dāng)Lacey睡覺時(shí)Betty呆在一個(gè)小瓶子里。故選D。

（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"It'sreallylovelyandsobeautiful,"saidher

mother,Laura."T'malsogladthatLaceyhasanewclosefriend."（她的母親Laura說："它

真的很可愛，很漂亮。我也很高興Lacey有了一個(gè)新的好朋友?“）”推知，Laura也喜

歡Betty的存在。故選C。

這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述小女孩Lacey救了一只大黃蜂后，這只大黃蜂就整天跟

著她，她們成了形影不離的“朋友"。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原

文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息、，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，

做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是

原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來

分析。

8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C

【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的

"ZhangHaijiangandhisteamvisitednearly100sitesacrossWeiMountain.Theywerelookin

gformagma,andtheyfoundanunusualsignalfrom15kmunderground,followedbyanother

oneat8kmTheircomputermodellingsuggestedtherecouldbetwohugemagmachambersw

ithadepthofmorethan9km.（張海江和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)參觀了渭山的近100處景點(diǎn)。他們?cè)趯?/p>

找?guī)r漿，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)來自地下15千米的不尋常信號(hào)，接著在8千米的地方又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一

個(gè)。他們的計(jì)算機(jī)模擬表明，可能存在兩個(gè)深度超過9千米的巨大巖漿庫。）“可知，

張海江和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)說他們?cè)谖忌较掳l(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)巖漿庫.故選B。

（2）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"Butsofar,afterdecadesofmonitoringonthesite,we've

pickedupalmostnothing.Thewholeareahasbeenvery,veryquiet（但至U目前為止，經(jīng)過幾

十年的監(jiān)測(cè)，我們幾乎一無所獲。整個(gè)地區(qū)都非常非常安靜）”可知，從徐建東的話中

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我們可以了解到他們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何地震活動(dòng)。故選A。

（3）D.代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段的"WhHetheunusualsignalsfoundbyZhang'steamlooked

likemagmachambers（盡管張的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的不尋常信號(hào)看起來像巖漿庫）"及后面的

"couldalsohavebeencausedbyotherthings（也可能是其他原因造成的）"可知，整個(gè)句

子表示"盡管張的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的不尋常信號(hào)看起來像巖漿庫，但它們也可能是由其他東西

引起的"，因此they指代的是前面所提到的“不尋常信號(hào)”,即Theunusualsignals,故選D。

（4）C.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的"Theresearcherssaytheyhavediscovered

twohugemagmachambersunderWeiMountaininHeilongjiang.Ifitistrue,itwillbea

suiprisingdiscoverysincethevolcanolasteruptedover500,000yearsago.（研究人員表示，

他們?cè)诤邶埥忌较掳l(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)巨大的巖漿庫。如果這是真的，這將是一個(gè)令人驚訝的

發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)檫@座火山上次噴發(fā)是在50萬年前。）”可知，本文主要講的是研究人員表示，

他們?cè)诤邶埥忌较掳l(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)巨大的巖漿庫，但是這不一定是真的，因此最好的題目

是：C選項(xiàng)"AreThereMagmaChambersUnderWeiMountain?（渭山下有巖漿庫嗎？）

"故選C

本文主要講的是研究人員表示，他們?cè)诤邶埥忌较掳l(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)巨大的巖漿庫，但是這

不一定是真的。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原

文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，

做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是

原文的兒句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來

分析。

12~15.【答案】A、B、C、D

【解析】（1）A.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段"Almost7,500,000acresofwildfiresinCalifornia

alone___nearly50,000buildings.（僅在加利福尼亞就有近7,500,000英畝的野火

摧毀了近50,000座建筑物。）“根據(jù)常識(shí)，火會(huì)摧毀建筑。A.Destroy毀壞；B.Cause

導(dǎo)致；C.Protect保護(hù)；D.Build建立。A項(xiàng)符合，故選A項(xiàng)。

（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Moreover,ithasabracket（支架）

thatallowsittobeplacedinavarietyofhigh-riskareas.Unliketraditionalfireextinguishers,F

ACEhasamixtureofwaterandanenvironmentally-friendlyfireretardant.（止匕夕卜，它有——個(gè)

支架，可以放置在各種高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。不像傳統(tǒng)的滅火器，F(xiàn)ACE含有水和環(huán)保阻燃劑的

混合物）”可知ArWs的滅火器中含有環(huán)保的阻燃劑，對(duì)環(huán)境的傷害小，B項(xiàng)正確，故選

B項(xiàng)。

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Arulisnowplanningtodeveloplargerunitsforspecificusein

forestapplications."（Arul現(xiàn)在正計(jì)劃開發(fā)更大的設(shè)備，專用于森林。）"可知Arul為森

林應(yīng)用開發(fā)更大的FACE,C項(xiàng)正確，故選C項(xiàng)。

（4）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知，Arul聽說并親歷火災(zāi)后，為了幫助人們控制火災(zāi)，

保護(hù)家園，年僅17歲的他就發(fā)明了FACE滅火器，該滅火器有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)?？梢钥闯觯?/p>

Arul很聰明。此外，他還努力提高人們的火災(zāi)安全與預(yù)防意識(shí)，為防火做出了貢獻(xiàn)。

A.Friendlyandwealthy友好的，有錢的；B.Lazybutcreative懶惰的，有創(chuàng)造性的；

C.Hardworkingbutselfish勤勞的，自私的；D.Cleverandhelpful聰明的，樂于助人的。

故選D。

本文是一篇說明文。主要講了Arul發(fā)明滅火器的原因、滅火器的優(yōu)勢(shì)及他為火災(zāi)預(yù)防

與控制做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子

的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】C、E、F、A、D

［解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。上文"Racewalkersarecarefulnottomakesomemistakesthat

breaktherules.（競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員都很小心，以免犯一些違反規(guī)則的錯(cuò)誤。）”說明競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)

員要避免一些犯規(guī)的錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)C”下面是一些你需要知道的常見錯(cuò)誤。"承接上文，揭

示文章主題，說明本文將要介紹一些競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)中的常見錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)中mistakes和上文中

mistakes詞匯重疊，語義一致。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）E.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。小標(biāo)題"BendingKnee（彎曲的膝蓋）"和下文"Thesupportinglegmust

haveitskneestraightfromthemomentthesupportingfoottouchestheground.（支撐腿必須

從支撐腳接觸地面的那一刻起膝蓋就保持是直的。）”說明競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)則中有一項(xiàng)是保

持腿是直的，彎曲膝蓋是錯(cuò)誤的，選項(xiàng)E”直腿規(guī)則是競(jìng)走中一項(xiàng)重要的基本規(guī)則?！闭f

明直腿規(guī)則的重要性。選項(xiàng)中Thestraightlegrule和下文中haveitskneestraight語義相

關(guān)。故選E項(xiàng)。

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（3）F.推理判斷題。上文"Overstriding,alsocalledoverstriking,islandingyoursupporting

foottoofarinfrontofyourbody.（步幅過大，也叫過度跨行，指支撐你的腳落在身體前

方太遠(yuǎn)的地方。）”說明這種錯(cuò)誤是步幅過大，過度跨行，選項(xiàng)F”過度跨行是許多競(jìng)走

運(yùn)動(dòng)員常犯的一個(gè)常見錯(cuò)誤。"承接上文，說明這種錯(cuò)誤很常見。選項(xiàng)中Overstriking和

上文中overstriking詞匯重疊，語義一致。故選F項(xiàng)。

（4）A.推理判斷題。_h3t"Thisoldtechniqueshowsaslightforwardleanatthewaist.（這

種陳舊的技術(shù)顯示腰部略微向前傾斜。）”介紹一種陳舊的競(jìng)走技術(shù)，選項(xiàng)A”這項(xiàng)技術(shù)

被證明是無效的。”承接上文，說明這項(xiàng)陳舊的技術(shù)是無效的，引出下文"Itisnolonger

taughtbyracewalkingcoachesbecausemanywalkersbendforwardmorethanitis

recommended.（競(jìng)走教練不再教它，因?yàn)樵S多競(jìng)走者向前彎曲比建議的更多。）",說

明為什么這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是無效的。故選A項(xiàng)。

（5）D.推理判斷題。_h^"Someracewalkersfindthemselveseasilyleaningbackward.（一

些競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很容易向后傾斜。）”說明一種錯(cuò)誤是向后傾斜，選項(xiàng)D”后傾使

直腿更加困難。"承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋向后傾斜造成的不良后果。選項(xiàng)中Abackward

lean和上文中l(wèi)eaningbackward語義相關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)中一些常見的錯(cuò)誤。

七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個(gè)選詞，一個(gè)選句子。解題

時(shí)，要注意上下文語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項(xiàng)中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），

選出最符合語境的句子。

21~40.【答案】D、B、A、C、A、B、C、A、D、B、C、B、A、D、C、D、A、D、B、C

【解析】（1）D.考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A.ranoutof用光；B.lookedforwardto期待；

C.triedoutfor參力H選拔；D.tookadvantageof利用。句意：以"蘇格福克斯”的名義創(chuàng)作作

品的斯蒂芬妮解釋說：2017年5月辭去工作后，由于資金不足，利用廢品制作了作品。

"由上文的"sculptures（雕塑）ofanimalsmadecompletelyoutofwastes"可知，她是利用

廢品制作了作品，故選D。

（2）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.gaining得到；B.quitting退出；C.seeking尋找;D.organising

組織。句意：以“蘇格?？怂埂钡拿x創(chuàng)作作品的斯蒂芬妮解釋說：2017年5月辭去工作

后,由于資金不足,利用廢品制作了作品。"由上文的"shewasshortofmoney""可知,她

是辭職了，因此空格處是“退出"，故選B。

（3）A.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.inspired賦予靈感；B.protested抗議；C.cheated欺騙;

D.harmed傷害。句意：她的靈感來自于藝術(shù)家博爾達(dá)洛二世，多年前，博爾達(dá)洛用垃圾

制作了大型裝置。由后文的"bytheartistBordaloII,whomadelargeinstallations(裝

置)outof(4)yearsago"可知，